Ap Lit poetic devices and romantic poetry

Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley

"Ozymandias" is a sonnet, a fourteen-line poem metered in iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme is somewhat unusual for a sonnet of this era; it does not fit a conventional Petrarchan pattern, but instead interlinks the octave with the sestet, by gradually replacing old rhymes with new ones in the form ABABACDCEDEFEF. Framing the sonnet as a story told to the speaker by "a traveller from an antique land" enables Shelley to add another level of obscurity to Ozymandias's position with regard to the reader—rather than seeing the statue with our own eyes, so to speak, we hear about it from someone who heard about it from someone who has seen it

Analogy

A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way Ex. The plumbing took a maze of turns where even the Water got lost

Simile

A comparison of two unlike things using like or as

Metaphor

A comparison without using like or as

Metonymy

A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it Ex. The White House stated today that...

Apostrophe

A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love by name Ex. Oh captain my captain our fearful trip is done

Quatrain

A four line stanza

Haiku

A japanese form of poetry, consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables

La Belle Dame Sans Merci by John Keats ("The beautiful Women Without Pity")

A knight on a hillside that is seemingly sad and injured however, the readers do not know of what. The speaker of the poem asks the knight what is wrong. He replies that he met a beautiful women they did many things together and then she invited him back to her fairy cave. She lulled him to sleep and he has a dream of the hundreds of other people she has done this to and they are all dead. He wakes up alone on the side of a hill.

Limerick

A light, humorous poem of five usually anapestic lines with the rhyme scheme of aabba.

Allegory

A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions or spiritual meanings Ex.

Ballad

A narrative poem written in four-line stanzas, characterized by swift action and narrated in a direct style.

epigram

A pithy sometimes satiric couplet or quatrain which was popular in classic Latin literature and in European and English literature of the Renaissance and the neo-Classical era.

Fixed form

A poem which follows a set pattern of meter, rhyme scheme, stanza form, and refrain

Allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, art, bible,historical event or mythical character

Paradox

A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. Ex. The hurrier I go the behinder I get

Lyric

A type of poetry that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world.

Open form

A type of structure or form in poetry characterized by freedom from regularity and consistency in such elements as rhyme, line length, metrical pattern, and overall poetic structure.

Shakespearean sonnet

ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

Petrarchan/Italian Sonnet

ABBAABBA CDECDE or CDCDCD (with an octave rhyming abbaabba, and a sestet typically rhyming cdcdcd or cdecde)

Ambiguity

An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.

Symbol

An extraordinary object that we hav attaches an extraordinary meaning and significance too Ex. A flag to represent a country

Hyperbole

An outrageous exaggeration used for effect.

Euphemism

An understatement, used to lessen the effect of a statement; substituting something innocuous for something that might be offensive or hurtful.

Imagery

Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)

Remember by Christina Rossetti

In the poem, the Rossetti is addressing her loved ones asking them to remember her after she dies. By the end of the poem, Rossetti gives this person their permission to eventually forget her because it is better to "forget and smile" than "remember and be sad"

"To Autumn" by John Keats POETIC DEVICES

Keats frequently personifies Autumn as a beautiful woman. Personification is a large aspect of this poem, apparent in the lines "Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun" (2) and "thee sitting careless on a granary floor, thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind" (14-15). Keats notes that Autumn works closely with the sun to ripen the fruits and crops and describes the carefree nature of Autumn after the harvest by attributing the qualities of the season to human feelings and actions. The theme of weight and ripeness reflect the abundance and harvest associated with Autumn. This recurrent idea is illustrated in lines 5 and 6 ("To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core") as well as in line 20, when Keats describes the personified Autumn laying her heavy head across the brook. Keats uses vivid imagery throughout the entirety of the poem. This poetic device is most evident in the third stanza when Keats elaborates on the song of Autumn. He describes the day slowly and gently dying after the harvest in lines 26 and 27, along with the choir of gnats rising and falling with the strength of the wind (lines 27-29). This imagery emphasizes the beauty and sublimity of Autumn.

meter

Organization of voice patterns

La Belle Dame Sans Merci by John Keats ("The beautiful Women Without Pity") POETIC DEVICES

Poetic Device #1 Symbolism of Flowers In the line "see[s] a lily on thy brow." Lilies are associated with death which implies that the knight is dying (probably from a broken heart). In line 11 "And on thy cheeks a fading rose" the flower rose is used to symbolize love however this one is fading and withering like a dying out love affair. This also symbolizes the knights sickly complexion...again. The knight also makes a flower garland for the lady to go around her head. This symbolizes the love, affection, and lust he has for the lady. Poetic Device #2 Imagery and diction Throughout the poem Keats uses diction to capitalize on the dream like state and setting of the entire poem. He creates a wonderlus setting for the Kinigh to recount his love. "She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna-dew, And sure in language strange she said— 'I love thee true'." Poetic Device #3 Repetition. Keats repeats the word and at the beginning of at least one line in every stanza. This repetition enforces and emphasises the immense power the fairy women holds over the knight nad how obsessive he his concerning her for everything mentioned revolves around her. The word 'wild' is also repeated in line 31. This emphasis the the nature of the lady's eyes and the supernatural power they hold (kinda like in the Rime of The Ancient Mariner). And ties in again with the knight's lack of control.

When We Two Parted by Lord George Gordon Byron POETIC DEVICES

Poetic Device #1: There is a common theme of cold throughout Byron's poem. He talks about how his lover's cheek was cold, and "colder thy kiss" when she left him. He says the dew "sunk chill on my brow" and "a shudder comes o'er [him]." His words make the reader shiver in isolation as he describes the loneliness his woman left him in. Cold brings to mind ice, snow, winter, darkness, all things that aren't typically associated with love. This imagery brings the reader deeper into Byron's mind and the hardship he faced when he lost his true love. Poetic Device #2: Lord Byron uses a metaphor to describe his feelings in the third stanza. He says, "They name thee before me, a knell to mine ear." After some research, I discovered a knell is the sound of a bell, but a bell associated with death and sadness. Byron associates his lover's name with this knell because it brings him immense pain and depression when he hears someone speak it. Poetic Device #3: The author employs a use of anaphora in the final stanza. "In secret we metー, In silence I grieve." Byron repeats the same structure and rhythm in these two lines to emphasize the scandalous and secret nature of their relationship. Now that he has lost the woman he loves, he has nobody to share his troubles with and so he is forced to struggle alone.

Free verse form

Poetry that does not conform to a regular meter or rhyme scheme

Repetition

Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis Ex. I was glad; so very, very glad.

Consonance

Repetition of consonant sounds at the ending of words Ex. cooL souL

Enjambment

The continuation of the logical sense- and there fore the grammatical construction- beyond the end of a line of poetry

Denotation

The dictionary definition of a word. The literal meaning.

Tone/mood

The means by which a poet reveals attitudes and feelings, in the style of language or expression of thought used to develop the subject.

The Solitary Reaper (William Wordsworth)

The poem can be identified as a pastoral (a piece of literature describing country scene). The author is silently observing this lady, (the silent reaper), singing her song in the field. The author observes the silent reaper, saying how when she sings she becomes one with the field and one with nature. Since he has no idea what the woman is singing, he begins to wonder if it is a song of sorrow, or a song of joy. This moment ends, and he continues on his journey, singing the song in his head long after he can no longer hear it. This poem is a lyrical ballad, and is said to be based off a real experience that William Wordsworth went through early in his life. The author uses a metaphor to compare the song to a cuckoo bird or mockingbird. The comma in the first two lines causes the reader to halt and observe the scene in a sense.

When We Two Parted by Lord George Gordon Byron

This poem discusses Lord Byron's separation from a dearly loved one. It is speculated that he wrote this piece for a woman named Lady Webster after she had an affair with the Duke of Wellington. However, Byron's own relationship with her was scandalous because she was a married woman. Now he "shares in [the] shame" of her reputation. It is a poem with a feeling that many people can relate to, the sorrow of losing true love and the pain that comes with it.

"To Autumn" by John Keats

To Autumn" is an ode to the season. Keats begins by addressing the abundance and relationship with the sun in order to ripen fruit, harvest crops, and drop seeds that will cause flowers to bloom in the spring. He goes on to refer to autumn as a goddess, explaining the various places she could be found relaxing after the harvest, such as the granary. The speaker then notes that the music of spring is a distant memory, but continues to explain autumn's music is just as beautiful through vivid imagery.

Synecdoche

a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa Ex. All hands on deck

Stanza

a fixed number of lines of verse forming a unit of a poem. Often resonate din the same pattern of meter and rhyme through out poem

Pun

a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.

Ode

a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter. MOre complex than the lyric with intricate rhyme schemes and irregular number of lines rhyming alternately

Couplet

a pair of lines, usually rhymed; this is the shortest stanza

heroic couplet

a pair of rhymed lines in iambic pentameter

Triolet

a poem or stanza of eight lines in which the first line is repeated as the fourth and seventh, and the second line repeated as the eighth

iambic pentameter

a poetic meter that is made up of 5 stressed syllables each followed by an unstressed syllable. Ex. When we speak, our syllables are either stressed (stronger emphasis) or unstressed (weaker emphasis). For example, the word remark consists of two syllables. "Re" is the unstressed syllable, with a weaker emphasis, while "mark" is stressed, with a stronger emphasis.

Sonnet

a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme (iambic pentameter) it's subject was traditionally love

cliche

a worn-out idea or overused expression Ex. Busy as a bee

Connotation

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning. (Emotional, psychological, or social tones of a word) Ex.

Oxymoron

conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence')

Rhyme

correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry. Ex. Time, slime, mime

euphony

pleasant, harmonious sound

Closed form

poetic form subject to a fixed structure and pattern

concrete poetry

poetry that is visually arranged to represent a topic

Assonance

repetition of vowel sounds near eachother Ex. He's a bruisin' loser

Personification

the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.

Rythym

the regular alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables. Ex. i THOUGHT i SAW a PUSsyCAT

Alliteration

the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words Ex. Fast and furious

Onamatopoeia

the use of a word or phrase that imitates or suggests the sound of what it describes Ex. Boom, buzz, pop, swoosh

Irony

the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning

Point of view

the vantage point from which a story is told through the speaker. 1sr person: speaker is a character in the story and tells it from there perspective (uses i) 3rd person limited: speaker is not part of story but tells about the other characters through the limited perceptions of one other person 3rd person omniscient: speaker is nit a part of story but is able to know and describe what all the characters are thinking

Blank verse form

unrhymed iambic pentameter

Verse

writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme