AP Lit Vocabulary

in- (pref.)

"not, opposite of, without" (pref.)

vivacious -- adjective

(especially of a woman) attractively lively and animated Root: from PIE root -gwei - "to live" Suffix: -ous -- "having, full of, having to do with, doing, inclined to" Synonyms: lively, spirited Antonyms: dull, drab vivacity Word Families biography survive vitamin zoology The ____________ student became morose and moody as the year progressed.

dormant -- adjective

(of an animal) having normal physical functions suspended or slowed down for a period of time; in or as if in a deep sleep. (of a plant or bud) alive but not actively growing. Root: rom PIE root -drem- "to sleep" Suffix: -ant agent or instrumental suffix Synonyms: asleep, resting Antonyms: awake, active dormancy dormer dormitory the volcano, once thought to be ____________, erupted today.

Glib (Sent.)

A teacher might say that you are __________ if you tell him during the first week of school that last year you were very involved in your school culture, and then he found out that you left early almost every day.

behoove (Syn.)

Benefit, befit

mellifluous

Definition (of a voice or words) sweet or musical; pleasant to hear Etymology Roots: PIE mellit -- "honey" + fluent -- "flowing" Synonyms: agreeable, euphonious Antonyms: cacophonous, jarring Word Families caramel mildew mousse flourish floral The sounds in the hallways are __________ to teachers even if school visitors don't think so because it echoes with our beloved students.

Ascribe -- verb

Definition attribute something to a cause, a text, quotation, work of art, to a particular person or period Prefix ad- "to" + "to write" -skribh- (from PIE root"to cut"). Synonyms: attribute, credit Antonyms: Related Forms ascribable Word Families describe sans-serif prescription scripture The teacher ascribed the normally pleasant student's stormy mood to the start of the flu.

patronizing-- adjective

Definition treat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority Root: Latin pater "father"+ Suffix: from Greek -izein, a verb-forming element denoting the doing of the noun or adjective to which it is attached. Synonyms: condescending Antonyms: antagonizing Related Forms patron patronize Word Families pattern Her _____________ attitude angers me when she uses her baby voice even though she is helping me.

flippant (Sent.)

Deshaquan's ______________ attitude made him a less likable and more troublesome person.

facade (root)

French façade " front of building"

behoove (Ant.)

Hinder, Hurt

Incognito (Sent.)

In order to remain hidden, one must remain ______________

Catalyst (Sent.)

Kyandequantian's overexposure to the sun was a ______________ for many melanomas to form.

incognito (root)

Latin cogn "to get to know"

jocular (root)

Latin iocularius "funny, comic"

nuance (root)

Latin nubes " a cloud, mist, vapor"

Jocular (Sent.)

Lequainson's _________ disposition made any situation fun or humorous

agency-- noun

Level of control, autonomy, and power Etymology Root: from PIE root -ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move" Synonyms: action, control Antonyms: inability, powerlessness Related Forms agential Word Families act cogent prodigal squat The students have ___________ over their education with personalized learning choices.

nuance (Ant.)

None (Ant.)

behoove (root)

Old English behofian "to have need of, have use for,"

perturb

Root: per = "forward" hence "through" + Root: turbare = "disturb, confuse," from turba "turmoil, crowd"

Nuanced (Sent.)

Sharquanda was unable to distinguish between the ___________ shades of color due to her being blind from glaucoma.

Facade (Sent.)

The ___________ Tyrondomashere put up to hide his crippling insecurities did not fool anyone.

perturb

The student's continued glib remarks _________ not only the teacher but the students in the class also.

behoove (Def.)

To be worthwhile, as for personal profit or advantage

precursor (Def.)

a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind Etymology Roots: prae = "before" + PIE kers = "to run" Synonyms: forerunner, antecedent Antonyms: offshoot, follower Word Families currency cursory courier corridor curriculum cursor The ______________ to this vocab quizlet was the vocab power point, which is a more effective study aid than anything else, making this whole assignment superfluous

catalyst (Def.)

a person or thing that precipitates an event

nuance (Def.)

a subtle difference in or shade of meaning

Sardonic

adj grimly mocking or cynical Root: Greeks believed that eating a certain plant they called sardonion (literally "plant from Sardinia," caused facial convulsions resembling those of sardonic laughter, usually followed by death. Suffix: -ic Greek "in the manner of; pertaining to" Synonyms: satirical, sarcastic Antonyms: diplomatic, gracious Related Forms Sardinia sardonically I cover up my extremely depressive inside with a clever, ____________ facade.

stagnant

adjective (of a body of water or the atmosphere of a confined space) having no current or flow and often having an unpleasant smell as a consequence. showing no activity; dull and sluggish. Latin from stagnatum"standing water, pond, swamp," perhaps from a PIE root stag- "to seep drip" Synonyms: dormant, inactive, lifeless Antonyms: moving, alert, energetic Related Forms stagnate stagnation stagnantly The still pond quickly became ____________ due to lack of water movement

dynamic

adjective (of a process or system) characterized by constant change, activity, or progress. Root: unknown origin -- to be able, to have power, be strong enough," Synonyms: energetic, forceful Antonyms: inactive, lifeless Related Forms dynamically Word Families aerodynamic dynamite thermodynamic In literature, a ___________ character tends to show great change in personality by the conclusion.

optimal

adjective Best or most favorable, optimum Root: Latin - optimus "best" Suffix: -al forms adjectives from nouns Synonyms: ideal, model, quintessential Antonyms: worst Related Forms Optimally optimality Word Families Cooperate Copy operate Sentence: Deflating a football, according to Tom Brady, provides the quarterback with the _______ ability to grip and throw, allowing for perfect passes and plenty of touchdowns.

detrimental

adjective Tending to cause harm Prefix: de- "away" Root: terere - "to rub, wear" Suffix: -al - forms adjectives from nouns Synonyms: harmful, damaging, injurious Antonyms: benign related forms Detrimentality detriment word families Detract Defect Decline decay The lack of rain will have a ____________ effect on the corn crops this year.

delirious

adjective in an acutely disturbed state of mind resulting from illness or intoxication and characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech. in a state of wild excitement or ecstasy. Roots: Latin from de "off, away" (usually a prefix) + lira "furrow, earth thrown up between two furrows," from PIE *leis- "track, furrow" Suffix: -ous Old French having, full of, having to do with, doing, inclined to" Synonyms: irrational, ecstatic Antonyms: balanced, rational Related Forms delirium There was a great roar from the _____________ crowd at the concert when experiencing the effect of the music.

metabolic

adjective relating to or deriving from the metabolism (the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life) of a living organism Root: from Greek meta- "change" + PIE ballein "to throw" Suffix: -ic Greek "in the manner of; pertaining to" Synonyms: N/A Antonyms: N/A Related Forms metabolically metabolism metabolize Word Families metacognition anabolic ballistics one's _________________ functions tend to slow down with age, resulting in weight gain

be- (pref.)

all about (pref.)

facade (Def.)

an outward appearance that is maintained to conceal a less pleasant or creditable reality

incognito (Syn.)

anonymous, camouflaged

jocular (Def.)

characterized by joking; humorous or playful

voluptuous

characterized by luxury or sensual pleasure. Etymology Roots: PIE well-- "wish, will" + Suffix: OF -ous = "full of" Synonyms: hedonistic, decadent Antonyms: austere, ascetic The __________________ room has long velvet curtains, sumptuous settees, a table laden with ripe fruits and delectable chocolates, and mellifluous background music playing. Related Forms Voluptuously Voluptuousness voluptuary

flippant (Syn.)

disrespectful

persistence (Def.)

firm continuance in a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition. Roots: per-"forward," hence "through" + sta- "to stand, make or be firm" Suffix: ence -- attached to verbs to form abstract nouns Synonyms: endurance, grit Antonyms: apathy, laziness Related Forms persistent persist Word Families insistence perserverance perturb

flippant (root)

flip (verb) "talkative"; "nimble in talk"

glib (Def.)

fluent and voluble but insincere and shallow

Sequential

forming or following in a logical order or sequence adjective Root: Latin - sequi "to follow" Suffix: -ial - forms adjectives from nouns Synonyms: consecutive, subsequent, continuous Antonyms: N/A related forms: sequence word families: Consequence Sequel sequester Sentence: Factoring in algebra is _________ and must be completed in order to get the correct answer.

facade (Syn.)

front, veneer

glib (root)

ghel "to shine" came to mean "smooth and slippery" in German

incognito (Def.)

having one's true identity concealed

catalyst (Ant.)

hindrance, deterrent

jocular (Syn.)

humorous, witty

Behoove (Sent.)

it will __________ a coach to study his predecessors.

incognito (Ant.)

known, unhidden

catalyst (root)

leu -- Proto-Indo-European meaning "to loosen, divide, cut apart"

perturb (Def.)

make (someone) anxious or unsettled

flippant (Ant.)

mannerly, respectful

flippant (Def.)

not showing a serious or respectful attitude

conscience

noun an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior Root: com-"with," or "thoroughly" + scire "to know" Synonyms: compunction, qualms, morals Antonyms: immorality related forms: conscientious conscionable conscious word families: accommodate collaborate scientific omniscient Sentence: One of Huck Finn's endearing qualities is his _____________ even though it went against the mores of his society many times.

authenticity

noun The ability of being of undisputed origin; genuineness Roots: from autos "self"+ hentes "doer, being," Sense of "real, entitled to acceptance as factual" Suffix: -ity word-forming element making abstract nouns from adjectives and meaning "condition or quality of being __. Synonyms: credibility, veracity Antonyms: falsity, duplicity, unreliability Related Forms authenticate inauthentic authentic Word Families autograph autobiography effendi Sentence: We must check the ________________ of the sources used when we read the news.

minutia

noun A minute or minor detail Root: Latin - minutia "smallness" Synonyms: details, particulars, niceties Antonyms: generality Related forms: Minutiae, plural word families: Administer Diminish Minus Sentence: In the world of psychology, there is no such thing as _________ because every detail of a person's life matters.

facade (Ant.)

reality, truth

perturb

reassure, calm

nuance (Syn.)

shading, subtlety

glib (Ant.)

sincere, uncommunicative

glib (Syn.)

slick, pat

jocular (Ant.)

solemn

perseverance (Def.)

steadfastness in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success Roots: per -"very"+ PIE segh- "to have, hold" on the notion of steadfastness, toughness Suffix: ance -- attached to verbs to form abstract nouns Synonyms: persistence, tenacity Antonyms: idleness, indolence Word Families calisthenics scheme scholar Perturb persistence _________________ in the name of winning takes daily training and conditioning.

catalyst (Syn.)

stimulus, spark

assimilate-- verb

take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully; absorb and integrate (people, ideas, or culture) into a wider society or culture. Roots: Latin ad- "to" + PIE -sem- "one; as one, together with" Synonyms: subsume, absorb Antonyms: Related Forms assimilable assimilation assimilative dissimilate similar unassimilate Word Families abase abbreviate resemble seem simulation When the immigrants our church helped ___________ into our community get their citizenship, their path to being Americans can be complete.

Redundancy -- noun

the state of being not or no longer needed or useful; the use of words or data that could be omitted without loss of meaning or function; repetition or superfluity of information. Prefix: Latin re- "again, back, anew, against Root: from PIE unda-, nasalized form of root -wed- "water; wet" Synonyms: repetition, excess Antonyms: lack, need Related Forms redundant redundance redundantly Word Families redact redeem hydrate surround The ____________ in services meant we had to cut several employees.

vibrant -- adjective

ull of energy and enthusiasm. quivering; pulsating (of color) bright and striking. Root: PIE root - weip- "to turn, vacillate, tremble ecstatically" Suffix: -ant agent or instrumental suffix Synonyms: spirited, lively, vivid, resonant Antonyms:dull, listless, pale, soft Vibrate vibrato vibrantly vibrancy vibration vibrator Gimp wimple waif waiver whip rainbows have many ___________ colors

superfluous

unnecessary, especially through being excessive Etymology Roots: super = "over" + fluere = "to flow" Suffix: OF -ous = "full of" Synonyms: nonessential, redundant Antonyms: necessary, essential Word Families supernatural superficial confluence fluctuate effluent On multiple choice exams be careful not to be an overthinker and reason with _______________ information as you can confuse yourself about what the answer should be.

verbose

using or expressed in more words than are needed. Etymology Roots: verbum = "word" Synonyms: wordy, garrulous Antonyms: succinct, laconic Word Families verbatim verbiage verbal verb Much academic language is hard to understand and many times ________.

thrive

verb (of a child, animal, or plant) grow or develop well or vigorously. Root: Old Norse þrifask "to thrive," originally "grasp to oneself," Synonyms: prosper, flourish Antonyms: decline, wither Related Forms throve -- sometime past tense of thrive in addition to thrive Word Families thrift I generally ___________ when away from human contact due to my exhausting introversion

delve

verb reach inside a receptacle and search for something; research or make painstaking inquiries into something Root: Old English delfan "to dig" , from PIE root *dhelbh- (source also of Lithuanian delba "crowbar," Russian dolbit', Czech dlabati, Polish dłubać "to chisel;" Russian dolotó, Czech dlato, Polish dłuto "chisel" Synonyms: investigate, probe Antonyms: ignore, neglect Word Families delf dig I need to _________ into the project and obtain the information I need to complete it.

curate

verb select, organize, and present (online content, merchandise, information, etc.), typically using professional or expert knowledge. Root: from Latin curationem "a taking care, attention, management," especially "medical attention," as in cure. In 1769 as "management, guardianship." Synonyms: organize, sift, manage Antonyms: N/A Related Forms curator curation curate -- n Word Families curative cure Nearly every major news organization is using Twitter's new lists feature to _____________ tweets about the earthquake.

condescend

verb show feelings of superiority; be patronizing.; do something in a haughty way, as though it is below one's dignity or level of importance show feelings of superiority; be patronizing.; do something in a haughty way, as though it is below one's dignity or level of importance Synonyms: patronize, deign Antonyms: favor related forms condescension condescending condescent condescendence word families deign descend Sentence: When you feel like you know more than the person you are talking to, it's difficult to not ______________________ them -- instead you will have more success if you can show them your knowledge in a friendly, supportive manner.

innovate

verb make changes in something established, especially by introducing new methods, ideas, or products. Roots: PIE *en "in" + novus "new" meaning "bring in new things". Synonyms: invent, launch, pioneer Antonyms: conclude, destroy related forms innovation innovator innovative innovatory word families: new Sentence: The wild success story of Netflix is because of the company's ability to ___________.

perturb

worry, upset