AP Psych Unit 8: Clinical Psychology
Which of the following is a characteristic common to all individuals with a narcissistic personality disorder?
A A domineering attitude toward others B An unwarranted sense of self-importance*** C Restricted ability to express warmth and affection D Inability to form social relationships E Oversensitivity to rejection or possible humiliation
One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain?
A Acetylcholine B Somatotropin C Dopamine+++ D Norepinephrine E Serotonin
Which of the following has been most effective in the treatment of schizophrenia?
A Administration of L-dopa B Prefrontal lobotomy C Psychoanalytic therapy D Drug therapy that blocks neurotransmitter sites*** E Drug therapy that increases the activity of limbic system neurons
Which of the following personality disorders is characterized by behavior that includes dishonesty, repeated trouble with authority figures, and an absence of remorse for these types of conduct?
A Antisocial*** B Histrionic C Passive-aggressive D Narcissistic E Borderline
Staff members at a mental health hospital do not respond to patients who use threats, but praise patients who are courteous. Which of the following psychotherapeutic approaches is being used?
A Assertiveness training B Cognitive therapy C Behavioral therapy*** D Humanistic therapy E Psychoanalytic therapy
A clinical psychologist believes that Caroline's problems stem from the lack of consistency between her self-concept and reality. According to the psychologist, this discrepancy makes Caroline feel anxious and threatened. Caroline's psychologist most likely adheres to which of the following orientations?
A Client-centered*** B Psychoanalytic C Behavioral D Gestalt E Cognitive
A psychotherapist who believes that deviant behavior can be traced either to genetic anomalies or to problems in the physical structure of the brain most likely subscribes to which of the following views of abnormality?
A Cognitive B Behavioral C Biomedical*** D Sociological E Psychoanalytic
Which of the following therapeutic approaches is most likely to be criticized because it does not treat the underlying cause of the disorder?
A Cognitive B Behavioral*** C Biological D Psychoanalytic E Phenomenological
In treating a patient for depression, Dr. Pratt focuses on changing the ways in which the patient interprets events. Which type of therapy is Dr. Pratt using?
A Cognitive*** B Self-efficacy C Biomedical D Learning E Psychodynamic
Jack believes that aliens are using electrical fields to steal thoughts from his head. It is most likely that Jack will be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?
A Dissociative B Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic*** C Somatic symptom and related D Anxiety E Sleep-wake
Which of the following is most characteristic of individuals with chronic schizophrenia?
A Extreme mood swings B Disordered thinking*** C Profound sadness D Unaccountable loss of body function E Loss of memory
The phenomenon of transference is a recognized component of which of the following therapeutic treatments?
A Flooding B Systematic desensitization C Milieu therapy D Psychoanalysis*** E Family therapy
Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?
A Freedom of choice about the future B The uncovering of unconscious defense mechanisms C Responses that have been reinforced in the past*** D Early childhood conflicts E Repressed aggressive impulses
The precipitous decline of the inpatient populations of state and county mental hospitals since the 1950's can be attributed to which of the following? I. Declining incidence of severe mental illness II. A policy of deinstitutionalization III. New drug therapies
A I only B II only C III only D II and III only*** E I, II, and III
Which of the following is typically cited as a characteristic of autistic children?
A Minor developmental delays in academic achievement B Above-average performance on tests of creativity C Severely impaired interpersonal communication*** D Tendency to seek younger playmates E Paranoia comparable with that experienced in schizophrenia
Phobic and panic disturbances are examples of which of the following kinds of disorder?
A Personality B Schizophrenic C Anxiety*** D Somatoform E Dissociative
Rational-emotive behavior therapy assumes that abnormal functioning results from which of the following?
A Repression of unpleasant emotions B Malfunctions of the body C Unconscious conflict D Inadequate reinforcement E Unreasonable beliefs or assumptions***
Training in the construction of an anxiety hierarchy and in relaxation techniques is likely to be part of the treatment for which of the following?
A Schizophrenia B Bipolar disorder C Specific phobia*** D Obsessive-compulsive disorder E Dissociative identity disorder
Which of the following best characterizes individuals diagnosed as having personality disorders?
A They are typically afraid to leave their homes. B They are consistently psychotic in their cognition and affect. C They may function reasonably well in society.*** D Their symptoms are characterized by sudden onset and short duration. E They developed their problems as a result of drug abuse.
Which of the following behavior-therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?
A Time-out B Punishment C Discrimination learning D Token economy E Systematic desensitization***
Vic has unpredictable and repeated attacks of overwhelming anxiety that frequently leave him dizzy, nauseous, short of breath, and in tears. A psychologist is likely to view Vic's behavior as indicative of
A a panic disorder*** B a psychotic breakdown C a dissociative reaction D a phobia E an obsession
According to Carl Rogers, the role of the therapist in person-centered psychotherapy is to
A accept the client unconditionally so that the client's own desire for mental health and positive growth will flourish B express warmth and empathy and suppress negative feelings that arise in the relationship with the client C use a didactic approach to teach the client to correct maladaptive behavior D establish behavior-change programs to alter the problematic behavior that is often learned in early childhood*** E define ideal characteristics of mental health for the client and to encourage the client to incorporate these elements in his or her personality
Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and
A acetaminophen B antianxiety drugs C beta-blockers D amphetamines E lithium carbonate***
An individual diagnosed as having a somatoform disorder would be most likely to show
A an irrational fear of social situations B an inability to recall important life events C a biologically unfounded loss of bodily functioning*** D a complete disregard for social mores E a tendency to engage in ritualistic behavior to avoid illness
The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from
A anger directed toward the self and significant others B an excess of certain neurotransmitters in the brain C failure in adult love relationships D maladaptive interpretations of life events*** E oral fixations from disturbed mother-infant relationships
Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT
A atypical B maladaptive C inappropriate D due to inappropriate child-rearing practices*** E disturbing to the individual exhibiting the behavior
Lithium carbonate has been useful in some instances in the treatment of
A bipolar disorder*** B dissociative identity disorder C autistic disorder D hypochondriasis E anorexia nervosa
Persistent repetitive thoughts that cannot be controlled are known as
A compulsions B obsessions*** C phobias D delusions E sublimations
The release of those with mental disorders from mental hospitals for the purpose of treating them in their home communities is called
A deinstitutionalization*** B milieu therapy C primary prevention D secondary prevention E noncrisis intervention
Psychotic disorders frequently involve perceptions of nonexistent sensory stimulation, such as voices. Symptoms such as these are called
A delusions B paraphilias C hallucinations*** D paranormal images E psychic phenomena
Community psychologists intervene at the primary level when they
A design prevention programs for potential problems before the problems actually occur*** B deinstitutionalize individuals through the use of halfway houses C treat currently existing problems before they reach epidemic proportions D treat currently existing problems only after they have reached epidemic proportions E treat a disease in an attempt to slow the spread of it
Intense artificial light is most successfully used as therapy for
A disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia B seasonal affective disorder*** C essential hypertension D bipolar disorder E panic disorder
Multiple personality is a type of
A dissociative disorder*** B schizophrenia C dementia praecox D bipolar disorder E manic-depressive psychosis
The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to help clients
A focus on the significance of childhood events for current feelings of self-worth B Correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives*** C avoid putting themselves in risky situations D practice relaxation techniques and autohypnosis to reduce anxiety E use introspection to alleviate their feelings of self-doubt
Hallucinations are characteristic of
A fugue B clinical depression C panic attacks D psychotic disorders*** E personality disorders
Distrust of others is symptomatic of
A mania B dementia C catatonia D paranoia*** E hebephrenia
A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder is best described as an individual who experiences
A memory loss B intense mood swings C extreme fear of open spaces D physical symptoms with no known cause E persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts***
Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of
A phobias B schizophrenia C psychogenic amnesia D multiple personality E clinical depression***
For several weeks - ever since she did not receive a raise that was given to several colleagues - Enid has lacked energy, has been unable to go to work, and has expected bad things to happen every day. Of the following, she is most likely experiencing
A posttraumatic stress B mania C hypochondria D depression*** E fugue
Behaviorally oriented therapists seek to modify a client's behavior by
A repressing the client's deviant thoughts B relating past events to the client's current behavior C removing the underlying causes of the client's behavioral problems D explaining the significance of the client's dreams E changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client***
An advantage of group therapy over individual therapy is that group therapy
A requires less commitment from the client B achieves results more quickly C produces a significantly higher recovery rate D produces a higher rate of spontaneous remission E enables clients to realize that their problems are not unique***
A somatoform disorder is best described as an illness that
A results from inadequate parenting in childhood B occurs when defense mechanisms are used inappropriately C is psychological in nature with no physical symptoms D is physical in nature with no psychological symptoms E is physical in nature and caused by psychological factors***
Vance is a popular honors student who, unlike his reference group, writes his best papers sitting on his motorcycle in the basement of his college dormitory. His behavior can be considered abnormal only if abnormality is defined as
A the need to rebel against authority B disinterest in the opinion of others C the perception of one's self as different D deviation from cultural norms*** E the inability to work in a group
A man who experiences sudden blindness on witnessing the death of his wife is probably suffering from a
A type of paraphilia B psychosis C multiple personality disorder D panic disorder E conversion disorder***
In rational-emotive therapy, the therapist helps clients by
A using unconditional positive regard B establishing anxiety hierarchies to be used in systematic desensitization C promoting transference D confronting clients with their faulty logic*** E providing an environment in which new behaviors and emotions can be rehearsed
