AP Psychology Chapter 5: States of Consciousness Multiple Choice Part 2/2

A person experiences blind panic, screaming, and thrashing around while sleeping. This episode is called: A) A night terror B) A nightmare C) A sleep terror D) Dreaming E) A REM rebound episode

A

According to Ernest Hilgard's hidden observer theory, people who are hypnotized and told to plunge one hand into a glass of painfully cold ice water with the suggestion they will not feel pain, will respond to the question "Do you feel pain?" by: A) Saying they do not feel pain B) Waking up from the hypnotic trance C) Screaming and removing their hand from the water D) Screaming but leaving their hand in the water E) Saying they do feel pain

A

Alteration in consciousness that occurs seemingly without effort, typically when we want to momentarily escape reality, is called: A) Daydreaming B) Dreaming C) Meditation D) Hypnosis E) Anesthesia

A

Beta waves are characteristic of a person who is: (A) Dreaming (B) In a coma (C) Asleep but not dreaming (D) Awake and Alert (E) In Stage 1 Sleep

A

Cold sweats, vomiting, convulsions, and hallucinations are all symptoms of what drug? A) LSD B) Cocaine C) Methamphetamines D) Barbiturates E) Heroin

A

Driving a car along a familiar route while listening to the radio or thinking of something else is an example of: A) Automatic Process B) Controlled Process C) Somatic Process D) Sympathetic Process E) Parasympathetic Process

A

During paradoxical sleep, muscles seem paralyzed and A) Eyes dart about in various directions B) Breathing is slow and shallow C) Night terrors are likely D) Sleepwalking occurs E) The sleeper is easily awakened

A

Experimenters have shown that a person deprived of the________ stage of sleep will become anxious, testy, and hungry and have difficulty concentrating. A) REM B) Stage 1 C) Stage 2 D) Stage 3 E) Stage 4

A

Hallucinogens are best defined as: A) Psychoactive drugs that produce strange and unusual perceptual, sensory, and cognitive experiences B) Stimulants that produce arousals both physically and psychologically C) Designer drugs that cause three primary effects, pain reduction, euphoria, and tolerance D) Mild depressants that decrease heart rate and blood pressure E) Drugs that stimulate the central nervous system

A

In order for a person to be hypnotized, the hypnotist must do which of the following? A) Suggest what the subject will experience during hypnosis B) Tell the subject what he or she will be doing while under hypnosis C) Tell the subject to count from ten to one D) Suggest that the subject enter a trance E) Tell the subject to relax and feel no stress

A

In small quantities, alcohol can be mistaken for a stimulant because it A) Inhibits control of emotions B) Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system C) Speeds up respiration and heartbeat D) Induces sleep E) Affects the cerebellum

A

The majority of our dreams occur in which stage of sleep? A) REM Sleep B) Stage 1 Sleep C) Stage 2 Sleep D) Stage 3 Sleep E) Stage 4 Sleep

A

Traveling in a jet plane from California to New York is most likely to A) Disrupt your circadian rhythms B) Prevent the onset of REM sleep C) Stimulate your parasympathetic nervous system D) Induce delta brain waves E) Cause withdrawal symptoms

A

Which stage of sleep is characterized by delta waves (very high amplitude and very low frequency)? A) Stage 4 Sleep B) Stage 3 Sleep C) Stage 2 Sleep D) Stage 1 Sleep E) REM Sleep

A

__________ refers to an increased percentage of time spent in REM sleep when we are deprived of REM sleep on the previous night. A) REM Rebound B) REM Deprivation C) REM Sleep D) REM Makeup E) REM Extension

A

According to psychodynamic psychologists, the unconscious A) Processes information of which you are unaware B) Includes unacceptable feelings, wishes, and thoughts C) Is characterized by loss of responsiveness to the environment D) Is synonymous with the preconscious E) Develops after the ego and superego

B

After her bridal shower, a young woman dreamed that she was dining with her parents when a young guy grabbed her wallet containing her driver's license, credit cards, cash, and family pictures. She awoke in a cold sweat. After discussing the dream with a friend, she realized that she felt anxious about losing her identity in her approaching marriage. This explanation of her dream represents the A) Manifest Content B) Latent Content C) Ego D) Activation-Synthesis Theory E) Cognitive Analysis

B

Approximately how long is each cycle of sleep during a full night's sleep? A) 80 Minutes B) 90 Minutes C) 60 Minutes D) 70 Minutes E) 50 Minutes

B

As you are reading this question, you are probably not thinking about what you ate for lunch. The memory of what you ate for lunch is most likely in your A) Nonconscious B) Preconscious C) Unconsciousness D) Sensory Memory E) Attention

B

REM sleep is also known as paradoxical sleep because: A) Measures of the brain activity closely resemble waking consciousness, but the person is in the deepest stage of sleep. B) Measures of the brain activity closely resemble waking consciousness, but the person is incapable of moving. C) The person's heart rate is slower than when awake, but the person can sleepwalk or sleep talk. D) The person can have night terrors during this stage but will not remember them in the morning. (E) The person's vital signs are very slow, but the person can get up and walk around.

B

Repeated periods during sleep when a person stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer is known as: A) Narcolepsy B) Sleep Apnea C) Sleep Agnosia D) Insomnia E) Night Terrors

B

The adaptive sleep theory suggests: A) Daily activities deplete key factors in our brain and body that are replenished by sleep. B) Sleep evolved because it prevented early humans and animals from wasting energy and exposing themselves to dangers of nocturnal predators. C) For our internal clocks to have synchrony with the external world, thereby decreasing fatigue, disorientation, and lack of concentration, sleep is necessary. D) Sleep is necessary to combat insomnia and drowsiness. E) External environments are constantly competing with individual sleep rhythms. Sleep is necessary to compete with the external clock.

B

The dream theory that suggests our dreams reflect the same thoughts, fears, and concerns present when we are awake is called: A) Freud's theory of dreams B) Extension of waking life C) Activation-synthesis D) External world E) Spiritual world

B

The sleep stage that is a transition from wakefulness to sleep and lasting 1-7 minutes is: A) REM sleep B) Stage 1 Sleep C) Stage 2 Sleep D) Stage 3 Sleep E) Stage 4 Sleep

B

This drug induces a number of physiological and psychological effects, some of which include dilated blood vessels in the eye, dry mouth, time distortion, euphoric feelings, sense of relaxation, and mild muscular weakness. A) Alcohol B) Marijuana C) LSD D) Tranquilizers E) Cocaine

B

What are the four major areas of impact of psychoactive drugs? A) Appetite, behavior, sex drive, and perception B) Perception, behavior, moods, mental processes C) Perception, mental processes, appetite, digestion D) Appetite, perception, moods, mental processes E) Mental processes, moods, digestion, perception

B

When researchers removed all time cues, such as light, clock, radio, and television, from subjects' environment, the length of the day expanded from 24 to about 25 hours. This phenomenon is known as: A) The interval timing clock B) The circadian rhythm C) The biological clock D) The internal rhythm E) The external clock

B

Which of the following drugs block reuptake, leading to increased neural stimulation? A) Heroin B) Cocaine C) Morphine D) Amphetamines E) Methamphetamines

B

Which stage of sleep is characterized by brain waves with spindles and K-complexes? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) REM

B

Zen Buddhists and others practicing meditation are better able than most other people to stimulate their A) Sympathetic Nervous Systems B) Parasympathetic Nervous Systems C) Somatic Nervous Systems D) Salivation E) Urination

B

A relatively rare condition that involves irresistible attacks of sleepiness, brief periods of REM, and often muscle paralysis is called: A) Sleep Apnea B) Sleep Terror C) Narcolepsy D) Benzodiazepines E) Night Terror

C

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep is called: A) Narcoplepsy B) Sleep Apnea C) Insomnia D) Sleep Terror E) Nightmares

C

A teenage boy once described using this drug as "life without anxiety, . . . it makes you feel good." However, this boy eventually discovered the dark side of the drug. With constant use, dosages became larger and larger. Eventually getting high was almost impossible and normal functioning was out of the question. Which drug was he referring to? A) Cocaine B) Nicotine C) Heroin D) LSD E) Psilocybin

C

An infant sleeps approximately 17 hours a day. Of those hours, how many are spent in REM? A) 20 Percent B) 30 Percent C) 50 Percent D) 70 Percent E) 80 Percent

C

Approximately how many cycles of sleep does an adult enter during a full night's sleep? A) One to Two B) Three to Four C) Four to Five D) Six to Seven E) Seven to Eight

C

Before entering sleep, you briefly pass through a relaxed and drowsy state. This is marked by which characteristic? A) Beta Waves B) Delta Waves C) Alpha Waves D) Theta Waves E) Zeta Waves

C

In using hypnosis for pain reduction, patients highly susceptible to hypnosis were: A) More likely to experience posthypnotic amnesia B) Less likely to participate in future studies C) More likely to report significantly lower pain levels D) Less likely to report lower pain levels E) Likely to respond more slowly to the induction method

C

Monitoring by the hidden observer during hypnosis provides evidence for A) The Nonconscious B) Activation-Synthesis C) Dissociation of Consciousness D) Role Playing E) Posthypnotic Amnesia

C

The center of the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is based on the belief that: A) The conscious needs to express unfulfilled wishes. B) Dreams provide an outlet for repressed thoughts. C) Dreams provide explanations for physiological activity. D) The unconscious needs to exhibit socially unacceptable behavior. E) Dreams allow the individual to work out daily hassles.

C

Which has enabled psychologists to learn the most about sleep processes over the last 50 years? A) Psychopharmacology B) Lesions C) EEGs D) CT scans E) MRI

C

Which statement best defines dependency? A) The original dosage of the drug no longer produces desired effects. B) Behavioral patterns are marked by overwhelming desire to obtain and use the drug. C) A change in the nervous system occurs so that a person now needs to take the drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms. D) Painful physical and psychological symptoms occur after the drug is no longer in the system. E) Decompression from the peripheral nervous system begins after the drug enters the body.

C

__________ are psychoactive drugs that depress the central nervous system, while ________ stimulate the central nervous system. A) Opiates, Barbiturates B) Opiates, Amphetamines C) Barbiturates, Amphetamines D) Amphetamines, Barbiturates E) Amphetamines, Opiates

C

Of the following, which does your hypothalamus regulate over the course of 24 hours? I. Body Temperature II. Hormonal Levels III. Memory of the day's events A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II only E) I, II, and III

D

Of the following, which pair of psychoactive drugs shares the most similar effects on the brain? A) Alcohol-Marijuana B) Caffeine-Morphine C) Nicotine-Heroin D) Amphetamines-Cocaine E) Barbiturates-LSD

D

Sleepwalking and sleep talking are characteristics of which stage of sleep? A) Stage 1 Sleep B) Stage 2 Sleep C) Stage 3 Sleep D) Stage 4 Sleep E) REM Sleep

D

The hormone most closely related to one's sleep patterns is: A) Serotonin B) Norepinephrine C) Epinephrine D) Melatonin E) Dopamine

D

The reduction in the body's response to a drug, which may accompany continual drug use, is called: A) Withdrawal B) Addiction C) Dependency D) Tolerance E) Hallucinations

D

When in this stage of sleep, brain waves have a fast frequency and low amplitude and look very similar to beta waves, which occur when you are wide-awake and alert. Which state of sleep is this? A) Stage 1 Sleep B) Stage 2 Sleep C) Stage 3 Sleep D) REM Sleep E) Stage 4 Sleep

D

Which age group of people is most susceptible to hypnosis? A) 20-24 B) 17-20 C) 15-19 D) 8-12 E) 45-49

D

Which of the following drugs are physically addictive? A) Morphine B) Cocaine C) Heroin D) All of these E) None of these

D

Which of the following is not considered to be an altered state of consciousness? A) Sleep B) Hypnosis C) Psychoactive Drugs D) Exercise E) Meditation

D

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is not a depressant? A) Alcohol B) Barbiturates C) Benzodiazepines D) Heroin E) Nembutal

D

Which part of the brain is important in keeping the forebrain alert and producing a state of wakefulness? A) Hippocampus B) Limbic System C) Hindbrain D) Reticular Formation E) Medulla

D

"Humans developed a unique waking-sleep cycle that maximized our chances of survival," is a statement most typical of A) Developmental Psychologists B) Physiological Psychologists C) Psychoanalysts D) Sociologists E) Evolutionary Psychologists

E

All of the following are terms related to hypnosis except: A) Posthypnotic Amnesia B) Hidden Observer C) Suggestibility D) Hypnotic Analgesia E) Posthypnotic Exhortation

E

Eighty percent of our sleep takes place in which cycle of sleep? (A) Stage 1 (B) Stage 2 (C) Stage 3 (D) Stage 4 (E) All of the above

E

In the 1700s a force called "animal magnetism," later known as hypnosis, was introduced by: A) Sigmund Freud B) Ernest Hilgard C) Wilhelm Wundt D) William James E) Anton Mesmer

E

Nightmares most frequently occur during A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) REM

E

The idea that dreams represent wish fulfillment comes from which theory of dream interpretation? A) Extension of waking life B) Activation synthesis C) Spiritual world D) Transformation dream analysis E) Freud's theory of dream interpretation

E

The mental state that encompasses the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are reasonably alert is called: A) Altered state of consciousness B) Subconscious C) Preconscious D) Alert Consciousness E) Waking Consciousness

E

Which of the following drugs does not fall under the category of a stimulant? A) Cocaine B) Caffeine C) Nicotine D) Amphetamines E) Heroin

E

Which of the following is not a characteristic of REM sleep? A) Rapid eye movement B) Vivid Dreams C) Increased heart rate D) Paralysis E) Delta Waves

E

Which of the following is not a practical application of hypnosis? A) Ease Pain B) Stop Smoking C) Remember a painful event D) Stop Overeating E) Marriage Counseling

E

Which of the following statements best describes opiates? A) Opiates will not produce withdrawal. B) Opiates are not very addictive. C) Marijuana is an example of an opiate. D) Opiates are only psychologically addictive. E) Heroin is an example of an opiate.

E