AP Psychology- Test Five: States of Consciousness Practice Test

What is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?

As sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases

What is an amphetamine derivation that acts as a hallucinate?

Ecstasy

What is true of alcohol?

In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant.

What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?

It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of ______

LSD

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of _______

NREM-1 sleep

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

NREM-1 sleep

What is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?

People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer.

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through _____

REM sleep

What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common?

They excite neural activity and arouse body functions.

22 year old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have...

a rich fantasy life.

Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of _____

addiction

What is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?

anxiety

Sleep talking may occur during...

any stage of sleep

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by...

blocking the uptake of dopamine

What is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance?

caffeine

Which psychoactive drug is most likely to impair people's ability to sleep?

caffeine

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by the disruption of his normal ________

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the _________

circadian rhythm

Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's ______

cognitive develpment

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by...

decreasing REM sleep

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called ______

delta waves

Sleep deprivation has been shown to...

diminish immunity to disease

3 hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed eyelids. Research suggest that Shoshanna is...

dreaming

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

dreaming

LSD is mos likely to produce ______

hallucinates

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called _______

hallucinations

After sleeping for an hour and a half, Jose enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to...

have very relaxed muscles

Traffic accident rates have been found to _____ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to _____ after the fall change back to standard time.

increase; decrease

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from ______

insomnia

The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the ________ during REM sleep.

limbic system

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ______ content.

manifest

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

manifest

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.

marijuana; hallucinate

The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of _____ as one of the most dangerous drugs.

methamphetamine

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria.

methamphetamine

About 3 hours after falling asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed creaming incoherently. His mother tries to tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from _______

night terrors

activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why...

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate ______

physical dependence

What provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?

physical dependence

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in _______

physical growth

After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has...

reduced his self-awareness

Obesity is a risk factor for developing what kind of sleeping disorders?

sleep apnea

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called ___________

sleep spindles

The pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during _____

slow-wave sleep

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the __________

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder involving...

the cession of breathing during sleeping.

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to...

viral infections

As oxygen deprivation just prior to death turns off the brain's inhibitory cells, neural activity increases in the _____

visual cortex

People with sleep apnea do not recall being awake and gasping for air, then falling back to sleep. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Anything that happens during the 5 minutes just before we fall sleep is typically lost from memory.

AT 3:00am, John as already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues,we can expect an increasing occurrence of _______

REM sleep

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams...

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

Sodium pentothal has sometimes been called a "truth serum" because it relaxes people and enables them to more freely disclose personally embarrassing experiences. It is most likely that sodium pentothal is a(n) ______

barbiturate

Until reading this question, you were unaware that your shoes are pressing against your feet. This focusing of your conscious attention, or selective attention, illustrates that...

Conscious awareness is one part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track minds.

According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its __________

latent content

Chronic sleep dept is most likely to promote...

obesity

Morphine and heroine are _____

opiates

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because...

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move

If Marty doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Marty is most clearly showing signs of

physical dependence

Drug tolerance refers to the...

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage

Studies of marijuana's effects indicate that...

regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users

Alpha waves are associated with...

relaxed but awake state

Alcohol consumption is LEAST likely to make people more _____

self-conscious

The altered state of consciousness that is most similar to a drug-induced hallucinate is...

the near-death experience

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember...

the next day the names of he people he talked to and what he said while he was drinking.

REM rebound involves the...

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of ______

tolerance

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of _____

tolerance

Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of _____

user expectations

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of a certain drug is called ______

withdrawal

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every _____

90 minutes

Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill?

Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death.