AP Psychology- Test Five: States of Consciousness Practice Test
What is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?
As sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases
What is an amphetamine derivation that acts as a hallucinate?
Ecstasy
What is true of alcohol?
In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant.
What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?
It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors
An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of ______
LSD
The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of _______
NREM-1 sleep
The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?
NREM-1 sleep
What is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?
People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer.
Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through _____
REM sleep
What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common?
They excite neural activity and arouse body functions.
22 year old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have...
a rich fantasy life.
Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of _____
addiction
What is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?
anxiety
Sleep talking may occur during...
any stage of sleep
When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by...
blocking the uptake of dopamine
What is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance?
caffeine
Which psychoactive drug is most likely to impair people's ability to sleep?
caffeine
After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by the disruption of his normal ________
circadian rhythm
With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the _________
circadian rhythm
Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's ______
cognitive develpment
Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by...
decreasing REM sleep
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called ______
delta waves
Sleep deprivation has been shown to...
diminish immunity to disease
3 hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed eyelids. Research suggest that Shoshanna is...
dreaming
One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.
dreaming
LSD is mos likely to produce ______
hallucinates
Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called _______
hallucinations
After sleeping for an hour and a half, Jose enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to...
have very relaxed muscles
Traffic accident rates have been found to _____ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to _____ after the fall change back to standard time.
increase; decrease
Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from ______
insomnia
The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the ________ during REM sleep.
limbic system
Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ______ content.
manifest
Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.
manifest
THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.
marijuana; hallucinate
The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of _____ as one of the most dangerous drugs.
methamphetamine
When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria.
methamphetamine
About 3 hours after falling asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed creaming incoherently. His mother tries to tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from _______
night terrors
activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why...
people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.
Physical pain and intense cravings indicate ______
physical dependence
What provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?
physical dependence
Deep sleep appears to play an important role in _______
physical growth
After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has...
reduced his self-awareness
Obesity is a risk factor for developing what kind of sleeping disorders?
sleep apnea
The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called ___________
sleep spindles
The pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during _____
slow-wave sleep
The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the __________
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder involving...
the cession of breathing during sleeping.
Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to...
viral infections
As oxygen deprivation just prior to death turns off the brain's inhibitory cells, neural activity increases in the _____
visual cortex
People with sleep apnea do not recall being awake and gasping for air, then falling back to sleep. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
Anything that happens during the 5 minutes just before we fall sleep is typically lost from memory.
AT 3:00am, John as already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues,we can expect an increasing occurrence of _______
REM sleep
Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams...
are triggered by random bursts of neural activity
Sodium pentothal has sometimes been called a "truth serum" because it relaxes people and enables them to more freely disclose personally embarrassing experiences. It is most likely that sodium pentothal is a(n) ______
barbiturate
Until reading this question, you were unaware that your shoes are pressing against your feet. This focusing of your conscious attention, or selective attention, illustrates that...
Conscious awareness is one part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track minds.
According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its __________
latent content
Chronic sleep dept is most likely to promote...
obesity
Morphine and heroine are _____
opiates
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because...
our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move
If Marty doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Marty is most clearly showing signs of
physical dependence
Drug tolerance refers to the...
reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage
Studies of marijuana's effects indicate that...
regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users
Alpha waves are associated with...
relaxed but awake state
Alcohol consumption is LEAST likely to make people more _____
self-conscious
The altered state of consciousness that is most similar to a drug-induced hallucinate is...
the near-death experience
After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember...
the next day the names of he people he talked to and what he said while he was drinking.
REM rebound involves the...
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of ______
tolerance
The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of _____
tolerance
Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of _____
user expectations
The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of a certain drug is called ______
withdrawal
The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every _____
90 minutes
Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill?
Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death.
