AP Psychology Unit 4 Need-to-Know

Vestibular Sense

The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

Olfaction

The sense of smell

ESP (Extrasensory Perception)

The study of phenomena such as clairvoyance and telepathy

Retinal disparity

A 3-D movie enhances our sense of depth perception b stimulating the effects of ______________

Wavelength

Brightness is to intensity as hue is to __________

Objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes

Color constancy refers to the fact that ____________

Umami

Flavor of protein

Weber's Law

Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulo's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates __________

Basilar Membrane

Located in the cochlea

Bipolar Cells

Located in the retina

Gate-Control Theory

Located in the spine; controls pain

Perceptual set

Maria thought a cloud in the sky looked like a duck while her little brother thought it looked more like a dinosaur. Which concept best explains their different interpretations of the same ambiguous stimuli?

Stroboscopic Movement

Motion produced by a rapid succession of slightly varying images ("flip book")

Many apparent demonstrations of ESP have been shown to be staged illusions

Psychologists are skeptical about the existence of ESP because ___________

Chemical

Taste and smell are both what kind of senses?

The misperception of distance

The Ames illusion involving two girls who are perceived as very different in size can best be explained in terms of

Blind Spot

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye

Context effects

The horizon Moon appears to shrink in size if it is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates the perception of distance cues. This best illustrates the importance of _______________

sensation

The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies through the nervous system is called ___________

Rods are more light-sensitive than cones

Under very dim levels of illumination, ______________

Retreating

We compute motion based on the assumption that shrinking objects are ______________

Absolute thresholds

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of _________

Sensation

What is the detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system called?