AP Test Prep Quiz #2

Sir Isaac Newton's intellectual synthesis was advanced in A. Principia B. Discourse on Method C. Novum Orangum D. Three Laws of Planetary Motion E. The Prince

A. Principia

Holding that man's life is a "state of nature" was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short," strong absolutist government was advocated by A. Thomas Hobbes B. John Milton C. William Blackstone D. Baron d'Holbach E. Jacques Bossuet

A. Thomas Hobbes

All of the following statements agree with statements of the deists except A. absolute standards of good and evil do not exist B. God does not respond to individual petitions to intervene C. God should be perceived as the prime mover, the source of the laws of nature D. the concept of divine predestination is against the human dignity reason bestows upon the individual E. the individual possesses the freedom and rational ability to determine good and evil and choose between them

A. absolute standards of good and evil do not exist

The Royal Society of London is most logically associated with A. the Scientific Revolution B. James II Stuart of England C. Efforts to bring the Christian faith to the natives of Africa D. financing the establishment of colonial settlements in British North America E. supporting commercial activities in the Far East

A. the Scientific Revolution

Voltaire's slogan of "crush the infamous thing," called for the suppression of A. the church B. immortality C. the French monarchy D. censorship E. French universities

A. the church

Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored A. the exploration of the west coast of Africa B. the establishment of colonies in Brazil C. Hernando Cortez's conquest of the Maya D. the creation of an important trading post in Goa E. the earliest efforts to discover a Northwest Passage

A. the exploration of the west coast of Africa

Rousseau's concept of the ideal government was centered on A. the general will B. a strengthened monarchy C. a theocracy D. abolition of the government E. a strengthened army

A. the general will

Which of the following thinkers identified most closely with the following statement "renounce nations, and begin to form an acquaintance with things"? A. Galileo B. Bacon C. Descartes D. Spinoza E. Boyle

B. Bacon

"Religious duties consist of doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make all our fellow creatures happy... All institutions of churches are human inventions set up to enslave mankind." This view would best reflect the attitudes of a A. Quietist B. Deist C. Hutterite D. Jensenite E. follower of Michael Servetus

B. Deist

"Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains... How did this change come about? I do not know. What can make it legitimate? That question I think I can answer." These words begin the famous work, treating the nature of the social contract, by A. Edmund Burke B. Jean Jacques Rousseau C. John Locke D. Ferdinand de Lesseps E. Denis Diderot

B. Jean Jacques Rousseau

The theory of separation of powers was most clearly enunciated in the works of A. Voltaire B. Montesquieu C. Rousseau D. Locke E. Hobbes

B. Montesquieu

Which one of the following philosophes opposed Voltaire's concept of Enlightened Despotism? A. Condorcet B. Montesquieu C. Diderot D. d'Holbach E. Helvetius

B. Montesquieu

With papal encouragement, Spain in 1494 agreed to recognize that one other nation had valid claims to parts of South and Central America. Which nation was it? A. Great Britain B. Portugal C. Austria D. Italy E. France

B. Portugal

A moderate proposal which called on France to adopt a political system similar to Great Britain was an element espoused by Montisquieu in A. The Social Contract B. The Spirit of the Laws C. The Encyclopedia D. The Declaration on the Rights of Man and the Citizen E. Two Treatises on Government

B. The Spirit of the Laws

Thomas Hobbes political philosophy can be most clearly identified with the thought of which of the following? A. Rosseau B. Voltaire C. Quesnay D. Montesquieu E. Robespierre

B. Voltaire

In "Emile" Rosseau A. advanced his views on the social contract B. called for a "natural" education free of the artificial encumbrances imposed by institutions such as the church C. denounced Voltaire for his pedantic and unproductive lifestyle D. identified with Montesquieu's sympathy for the English constitutional monarchy as a model for a future French government E. advance his case for atheism

B. called for a "natural" education free of the artificial encumbrances imposed by institutions such as the church

"Come fourth into the light of things, let nature be your teacher... Enough of science and art, close up those barren leaves, come forth, and bring with you a heart that watches and receives." Such a view would most likely be expressed by a A. deist B. follower of Rousseau C. physiocrat D. disciple of Diderot E. philosophe

B. follower of Rousseau

All of the following statements are true about the 18th century French philosopher Voltaire EXCEPT A. he admired the British political system B. he was an atheist C. he believed that religious considerations had biased the French judicial system D. he favored Enlightened Despotism E. he wrote a novel as a reply to the German philosopher Leibniz

B. he was an atheist

The "idols" of Francis Bacon, as explained in his "Novum Orangum," were A. strict standards of scientific accuracy B. impediments to clear scientific thinking C. religious objects D. famous scientists E. political objectives

B. impediments to clear scientific thinking

Under the domestic system in England A. shipbuilding was made a successful monopoly B. spinning and weaving of yarn and cloth was done in the workers' homes C. factory workers were prohibited from joining unions D. farmers expanded the use of crop rotation and fertilization E. the immigration of foreign workers was expanded to take advantage of the skills of French textile workers

B. spinning and weaving of yarn and cloth was done in the workers' homes

"there is no place for industry... no arts; no letters; no society; and which is the worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." This quotation from Thomas Hobbes' "Leviathan" described the concept known as A. natural rights B. state of nature C. social contract D. reason of state E. middle-class businessman

B. state of nature

The text of Denis Diderot's "Encyclopedia" was centered primarily on A. theology B. technology C. history D. philosophy E. poetry

B. technology

The Portugese gained control of Brazil as a colony as a consequence of A. the need for it as a base on the route to India B. the Treaty of Tordesillas C. the fact that the Spanish mistakenly believed it to be of no value D. Spain ceding it to Portugal in return for the Phillippine Islands E. the Treaty of Utrecht

B. the Treaty of Tordesillas

Locke's "Two Treatises on Social Government" approved of revolution provided that A. the revolution was not violent B. the government has violated property rights C. the poor are oppressed D. the government has not held elections E. the government is a monarchy

B. the government has violated property rights

All of the following are correctly matched EXCEPT A. Pizarro - conquest of the Incan empire B. Coronado - early exploration of the American Southwest C. Balboa - exploration of the Mississippi Valley D. Cortez - conquest of the Aztecs E. Bartholomeu Diaz - reaches the southernmost tip of Africa

C. Balboa - exploration of the Mississippi Valley

"You taught that the sun is the center of the world and that the earth moves around it with a diurnal motion." This was the charge brought against A. Nicholas Copernicus B. Johannes Kepler C. Galilei Galileo D. Tycho Brahe E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

C. Galilei Galileo

"Nature and nature's law lay hid in night, God said 'Let Newton be,' and all was light." This passage, which is from a poem praising science and Newton, was written by A. Tennyson B. Yeats C. Pope D. Wordsworth E. Zola

C. Pope

Which of the following statements best characterizes the differences between John Locke's "state of nature" and Rousseau's "state of nature"? A. Locke called for reform; Rousseau was satisfied with the status quo. B. Rousseau's "state of nature" did not have political connotations C. Rousseau's "state of nature" was one of economic equality D. Locke's "state of nature" ended with a "social contract," while Rousseau's did not E. Locke's state of nature was a violent and dangerous society

C. Rousseau's "state of nature" was one of economic equality

Had Pope Alexander VI's Treaty of Tordisillas been observed A. England would have remained Catholic B. the Dutch would have traded the Cape Colony for Brazil C. Spain and Portugal would have dominated the overseas world D. England would have received the Ohio Valley in exchange for French holdings in the Caribbean E. Switzerland would have remained under the control of the Hapsburgs of Austria

C. Spain and Portugal would have dominated the overseas world

Copernicus' concept of the universe was in error A. in that he still retained the medieval concept of placing heaven at the outermost reaches of the universe B. by retaining Ptolemy's geocentric theory C. by adhering to the view that the orbits of the planets are circular D. in that he failed to take into consideration the advances which had been made by Kepler E. by rejecting heliocentric theory

C. by adhering to the view that the orbits of the planets are circular

Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, Nassau Senior, and James Mill have been identified as A. positivists B. romantic idealists C. classical economists D. utilitarians E. utopian socialists

C. classical economists

The most significant reason for the weakness of New France in comparison with British holdings in North America was that A. the Indian tribes tended to be much more favorably inclined to the British B. the population of England was much larger, permitting more settlers to migrate to its new world colonies C. the French government maintained a highly restrictive immigration policy D. French explorers failed to penetrate the interior and construct forts E. the ardent missionary activities of the French missionaries alienated the Indians

C. the French government maintained a highly restrictive immigration policy

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Scientific research conducted in the 17th/18th centuries A. assumed an international scope B. laid firm foundations in physics, chemistry, and medicine C. was centered primarily on major universities D. was stimulated by the belief that comprehension of the laws of nature would benefit mankind E. received the encouragement of rulers who saw the practical value of discoveries

C. was centered primarily on major universities

Who was the most important enlightened political ruler of the 18th century? A. Catherine the Great B. Louis XV C. Maria Theresa D. Frederick the Great E. Joseph II

D. Frederick the Great

Which of the following individuals didn't participate in the Enlightenment? A. Edward Gibbon B. David Hume C. Benjamin Franklin D. Leopold von Ranke E. Adam Smith

D. Leopold von Ranke

"I have heard him say, that after his "Book of the Circulation of the Blood" came out, that he fell mightily in his practice, and that it was believed by the vulgar that he was crack-brained." This excerpt, taken from an account by John Aubrey, describes A. Paracelsus B. Galvani C. Lorenzo Valla D. William Harvey E. Francis Bacon

D. William Harvey

In his "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding," John Locke held that human knowledge was derived from A. heredity and faith B. conscience and emotion C. intuition and moral law D. environment and reason E. divine inspiration and inner perception

D. environment and reason

A philosophe of 18th century France would A. strongly advocate the nationalistic aspirations of the monarchy B. ridicule the idea of progress C. support the political theories earlier advocated by Thomas Hobbes D. oppose religious intolerance and superstition E. reject the mechanistic view of the world advanced by earlier scientists

D. oppose religious intolerance and superstition

Kepler's contribution to the Scientific Revolution was his A. presentation of sound mathematical proof supporting Ptolemy's geocentric theory B. demonstration that the planets move at a constant speed C. demonstration that the surface of the moon was not smooth D. providing mathematically that the orbits of the planets are elliptical E. demonstration of the errors in the astronomical measurements of Tycho Brahe

D. providing mathematically that the orbits of the planets are elliptical

The Royal Society of London, founded in 1662, was one of the first A. societies dedicated to geographic exploration B. groups to stage Shakespearean plays C. literary clubs D. scientific societies E. political clubs

D. scientific societies

Rene Descartes maintained or has been credited with all of the following EXCEPT: A. first publication of the discovery of coordinate or analytical geometry B. developing the science of optics through the laws of refraction of light C. established as his starting place "I think therefore I am." D. the concept of God was unnecessary in the universe E. Cartesian Dualism was the link between the physical and the spiritual world

D. the concept of God was unnecessary in the universe

"The only way for men to be kept safe, is if all of their power is condensed into one man." This theory of government reflected the view of A. John Locke B. Jean Bodin C. John Napier D. Baron de Montesquieu E. Thomas Hobbes

E. Thomas Hobbes

The Portugese explorer Vasco de Gama was the first European to A. circumnavigate the globe B. reach the southernmost tip of Africa C. reach Japan and trade with the people of that land D. touch upon the coast of Brazil E. find an all-water route to India

E. find an all-water route to India