AP WORLD PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Which of the following policies reflects mercantilist thinking?* 1/1 Discouraging exports Encouraging free trade Using slave labor Accumulating precious metals

Accumulating precious metals

Which of the following processes most immediately led to the global expansion of European political power in the period circa 1500 ?* 1/1 The Columbian Exchange The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople Advances in shipbuilding and navigational methods Advances in medicine that improved Europeans' ability to survive in tropical climates

Advances in shipbuilding and navigational methods

Sir, Your Highness should know how our Kingdom is being lost...since this is caused by the excessive freedom given by your agents and officials to the men and merchants who are allowed to come to this Kingdom to set up shops....We cannot reckon how great the damage is, since the mentioned merchants are taking every day our natives, sons of the land and the sons of our noblemen and vassals and our relatives...they grab them and get them to be sold."- Afonso I, leader of the Kongo Kingdom, letter to the King of Portugal, July 1526"We the King of Kilwa [a Swahili city state], Sultan Hasan son of Sultan Ibrahim son of Sultan Yusuf...give our word to M. Morice, a French national, that we will give him a thousand slaves annually at twenty piastres each and that he shall give the King a present of two piastres for each slave . No other but he shall be allowed to trade for slaves, whether French , Dutch , Portuguese, [etc.], until he shall have received his slaves and has no wish for more."- Slave trade agreement, 1776 3.The interactions described in the passages above are best understood in the context of European nations giving in to the requests of African kingdoms Europeans forcing the slave trade on unwilling African kingdoms African kingdoms insisting on a halt to the slave trade African kingdoms participating in the slave trade

African kingdoms participating in the slave trade

"An arrogant agent of the British Royal Africa Company in the 1680s learned the hard way who was in control when he spoke improperly to the king of Niumi, a small state in what is now Gambia. The company's records describe what happened next:'[O]ne of the [advisers to the king], taught the agent better manners by boxing him on the ears, which knocked off his hat, and seized him...and several others who were with the agent were put into the king's [jail] and stayed there till their ransom was paid....'"Source: Strayer/Nelson, Ways of the World with Sources for the AP® Course, 3rd Ed, p 624. 33. The excerpt above indicates that* 0/1 The king of Niumi accepted his inferior status in the presence of European merchants. African rulers participated as full partners in commodity exchanges with Europeans. The British Royal Company sought to establish Niumi as a future settler colony. Africans usually rejected offers of trade with outsiders

African rulers participated as full partners in commodity exchanges with Europeans.

"In view of the outbreak of war between Great Britain and Turkey, which occurred because of the ill-advised, unprovoked, and deliberate action of the Ottoman government, His Majesty's government has made a public announcement regarding the holy places of Arabia, the holy shrines of Mesopotamia, and the port of Jeddah,* which is as follows.His Majesty's most loyal Muslim subjects should understand that His Majesty's government is not fighting this war because of religion. The British navy and its military forces will not attack the holy places of Arabia or Jeddah unless the Turks interfere with pilgrimages from India to the holy places and shrines in question. In that case, British military forces will intervene to keep the pilgrimage routes open. At the request of His Majesty's government, the governments of France and Russia have given similar assurances."*a city located on the western coast of Arabia along the Red SeaPamphlet published by the British Indian War Department, 1915. The pamphlet was translated and distributed in cities and towns in India. The treaties that settles the conflict referred to in the passage most directly changed the geopolitical structure of the Middle East in which of the following ways? Most states that were formerly under European colonial rule became independent The state of Isreal was created, which led to numerous wars Allied powers recieved territorial mandates from the League of Nations Religious fundamentalism increased, which led to attacks on Western States

Allied powers recieved territorial mandates from the League of Nations

Which of the following countries believed in hyper nationalism like European fascist but did not promote the violence?* 0/1 Mexico Haiti Brazil Argentina

Brazil

"In view of the outbreak of war between Great Britain and Turkey, which occurred because of the ill-advised, unprovoked, and deliberate action of the Ottoman government, His Majesty's government has made a public announcement regarding the holy places of Arabia, the holy shrines of Mesopotamia, and the port of Jeddah,* which is as follows.His Majesty's most loyal Muslim subjects should understand that His Majesty's government is not fighting this war because of religion. The British navy and its military forces will not attack the holy places of Arabia or Jeddah unless the Turks interfere with pilgrimages from India to the holy places and shrines in question. In that case, British military forces will intervene to keep the pilgrimage routes open. At the request of His Majesty's government, the governments of France and Russia have given similar assurances."*a city located on the western coast of Arabia along the Red SeaPamphlet published by the British Indian War Department, 1915. The pamphlet was translated and distributed in cities and towns in India.Which of the following best explains why the British government felt the need to distribute the pamphlet?A. British authorities were concerned that going to war against a Muslim country could fuel anti-imperialist protests among India's large Muslim populationB. British passenger ships and shipping companies made significant profits by transporting Muslim pilgrims on the hajj from India to Mecca and Medina.C. Many people in Britain regarded the First World War as a religious conflict between Christian and Islamic statesD. Religious tensions between India's Muslim and Christian populations significantly increased before the outbreak of the First World War.

British authorities were concerned that going to war against a Muslim country could fuel anti-imperilasit protests among India's large Muslin population

The mention of "President Wilson's principles" is most directly significant to understanding the editorial's point of view about the Treaty of Versailles because of the United States president's commitment to

Broker a peace agreement on liberal principles that would not be motivated by revenge

Which of the following characterizes how European countries sought to control trade in Asia from 1450 to 1750?* 1/1 Through economic competition By force of arms and conquest By establishing diplomatic relations By ending China's tribute system

By force of arms and conquest

Which of the following was NOT a component of Sun Yet-sen's republic?* 1/1 Communism Nationalism Democracy Livelihood

Communism

6. The pattern in the numbers of nuclear weapons shown in the table between 1945 and 1985 is best understood in which of the following contexts?* 0/1 Decolonization of empires in Asia and Africa Competition between Western and communist powers The second industrial revolution The outbreak of the Second World War

Competition between western and communist powers

Which of the following types of data would most likely demonstrate a positive effect of economic globalization and thereby undermine the authors' argument regarding free trade?* 1/1 Data on healthcare expenditure per capita in Western Europe and North America in the 1990s Data on employment levels and personal disposable income in Pacific Rim Asian countries in the 1990s Data on employment levels in traditional manufacturing areas of developed countries, such as the United States Rust Belt or the British Midlands, in the 1990s Data on the global growth of HIV infections in the 1990s

Data on employment levels and personal disposable income in Pacific Rim Asian countries in the 1990s

A major consequence of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on West African societies was Increased unification among West African groups against European exploitation Increased cultural borrowing of European political systems Decreased trade of non-human goods with Europeans. Decreased male population in West Africa.

Decreased male population in west Africa

Which of the following contributed most to the demographic changes shown on the graph above?* 1/1 Eradication of epidemic diseases in South Asia Decreasing level of civilian casualties during military conflicts Diffusion of Green Revolution technology Increasing fertility rates in western Europe

Diffusion of Green Revolution technology

Which country is paired correctly with the area they originally dominated?* 0/1 Portuguese---Philippines Spain----Jamestown France--Brazil Dutch--New York/New Asterdam

Dutch--New York/New Asterdam

The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century maritime exploration efforts by England, France, and the Netherlands were most directly connected to which of the following historical processes? The Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation Economic competition against Spain and Portugal and a desire to find new sailing routes to Asia The transfer of engineering and navigational knowledge from the classical and Islamic worlds to Europe The need to ease population pressures in Europe by establishing settlement colonies

Economic competition against Spain and Portugal and a desire to find new sailing routes to Asia

Which of the following statements is true of the West African slave trade?* 1/1 European merchants secured all their slaves by seizing them in raids deep within the interior of Africa. European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites. Europeans possessed immunities to the diseases of the region, giving them an advantage in controlling the trade. African rulers universally opposed the slave trade on humanitarian grounds and worked together to suppress it.

European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites.

"Sir, Your Highness should know how our Kingdom is being lost...since this is caused by the excessive freedom given by your agents and officials to the men and merchants who are allowed to come to this Kingdom to set up shops....We cannot reckon how great the damage is, since the mentioned merchants are taking every day our natives, sons of the land and the sons of our noblemen and vassals and our relatives...they grab them and get them to be sold."- Afonso I, leader of the Kongo Kingdom, letter to the King of Portugal, July 1526"We the King of Kilwa [a Swahili city state], Sultan Hasan son of Sultan Ibrahim son of Sultan Yusuf...give our word to M. Morice, a French national, that we will give him a thousand slaves annually at twenty piastres each and that he shall give the King a present of two piastres for each slave . No other but he shall be allowed to trade for slaves, whether French , Dutch , Portuguese, [etc.], until he shall have received his slaves and has no wish for more."- Slave trade agreement, 1776 5. Afonso's major complaint about slavery was that* 1/1 Europeans were taking too many valuable young men as slaves the Portuguese were failing to prevent other Europeans from seizing slaves the Portuguese were not helping Afonso manage the vast slave trade Europeans were not paying enough money for slaves

Europeans were taking too many valuable young men as slaves

Which of the following Big Four members is NOT matched to the correct nation?* 1/1 France--Lenin Italy-Orlando US--Wilson Great Britain--George

France--Lenin

British merchants primarily traded sugar from Latin America the Caribbean; Russian merchants primarily traded what from Siberia? Wheat Furs Amber and honey Potatoes

Furs

Which statement is best supported by the data contained in the table?* 1/1 Austria-Hungary could not afford a large military expenditure in 1880 France spent the greatest amount of money on defense in 1900 Germany rapidly increased its military spending after 1890 Great Britain attempted to prepare for a long ground war

Germany rapidly increased its military spending after 1890

5. Which of the following best explains how the historical circumstances of Kennan's service as a diplomat in the Soviet Union influenced his point of view regarding the "Soviet structure of power" in the first paragraph?* 1/1 He witnessed how the Soviet Union used its industrial capabilities to produce vastly more quantities of war equipment than Germany could produce. He witnessed how German atrocities had turned ethnic groups within the Soviet Union who had initially opposed Stalin against the Nazis. He witnessed how the Soviet Union's defeat of Nazi Germany allowed it to decide the fate of states in Eastern Europe that it occupied. He witnessed how conflict between Germany and the Soviet Union allowed Stalin to further centralize his power and use Russian nationalism to mobilize the population.

He witnessed how conflict between Germany and the Soviiet Union allowed Stalin to further centralize his power and use Russian nationalism to mobilize the population

"Italy has 108 inhabitants per square kilometer. In proportion to its territory, only three countries in Europe surpass Italy in population density: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Great Britain. Every year, 100,000 farmers and agricultural laborers emigrate from Italy. Italy witnesses its place in the family of civilized nations growing smaller and smaller as it looks on with fear for its political and economic future. In fact, during the last eighty years the English-speaking population throughout the world has risen from 22 to 90 million; the Russian-speaking population from 50 to 70; and so forth, down to the Spanish population who were 18 million and are now 39. On the other hand, the Italian-speaking population has only increased from 20 to 31 million. At first, our emigrants were spreading Italy's language in foreign countries, but since then, their sons and grandsons ended up forgetting the language of their fathers and forefathers.Realizing that our mistakes have cost us so much in the past and continue to cost us today, I believe that it is less secure and more expensive for our people to continue to try to eke out a living from barren land in Italy than to establish a large and prosperous agricultural colony in Eritrea.*"*an Italian colonial territory in northeast AfricaFerdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897The author's statement that descendants of Italian emigrants "ended up forgetting the language of their fathers and forefathers" most directly refers to which of the following aspects of nineteenth-century migration? Some recieving societies attempted to limit the flow of immigrants some colonial states applies theories of Socual Darwinism to establich racial preferences Immigrants often adopted the dominant culture of the state in recieving societies immigrants often maintained some aspects of their religion within enclaves

Immigrants often adopted the dominant culture of the state in receiving societies.

All of the following developments in Song dynasty China were important factors in the accumulation of wealth outlined in the first paragraph EXCEPT 1/1 increased Chinese involvement in the Indian Ocean trade an increase in agricultural production in China increased Chinese production of manufactured goods an increase in technological innovations in ChinaUse this passage with questions 1-3

Increased Chinese involvement in the Indian Ocean trade

Italy has 108 inhabitants per square kilometer. In proportion to its territory, only three countries in Europe surpass Italy in population density: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Great Britain. Every year, 100,000 farmers and agricultural laborers emigrate from Italy. Italy witnesses its place in the family of civilized nations growing smaller and smaller as it looks on with fear for its political and economic future. In fact, during the last eighty years the English-speaking population throughout the world has risen from 22 to 90 million; the Russian-speaking population from 50 to 70; and so forth, down to the Spanish population who were 18 million and are now 39. On the other hand, the Italian-speaking population has only increased from 20 to 31 million. At first, our emigrants were spreading Italy's language in foreign countries, but since then, their sons and grandsons ended up forgetting the language of their fathers and forefathers.Realizing that our mistakes have cost us so much in the past and continue to cost us today, I believe that it is less secure and more expensive for our people to continue to try to eke out a living from barren land in Italy than to establish a large and prosperous agricultural colony in Eritrea.*"*an Italian colonial territory in northeast AfricaFerdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897. Italian and German imperial presence in Africa were similar in that both countries saw African colonies as secondary to their interests in Asia were newly unifies nations that began colonizing later than other European powers primarily used their colonies in Africa to spread christianity invested Heavily in African infastructure and economic development

Invested heavily in African infastructire and economic development

What economic effects did the increased flow of silver into Spain have on its economy? It caused commercial activity within Europe to decline. It caused significant price inflation in Spain. It caused the Spanish government to begin generous social programs for all Spaniards. It caused Spain's economy to remain stable for a century.

It caused significant price inflation in Spain.

"In view of the outbreak of war between Great Britain and Turkey, which occurred because of the ill-advised, unprovoked, and deliberate action of the Ottoman government, His Majesty's government has made a public announcement regarding the holy places of Arabia, the holy shrines of Mesopotamia, and the port of Jeddah,* which is as follows.His Majesty's most loyal Muslim subjects should understand that His Majesty's government is not fighting this war because of religion. The British navy and its military forces will not attack the holy places of Arabia or Jeddah unless the Turks interfere with pilgrimages from India to the holy places and shrines in question. In that case, British military forces will intervene to keep the pilgrimage routes open. At the request of His Majesty's government, the governments of France and Russia have given similar assurances."*a city located on the western coast of Arabia along the Red SeaPamphlet published by the British Indian War Department, 1915. The pamphlet was translated and distributed in cities and towns in India. The Ottoman Empire likely entered into the conflict referred to in the passage most directly changed... It shared religous and cultural calues with Germand and Austraia-Hungary it had undertaken significant politcal and economic reforms in the late nineteenth century it had lost significant territory to other European states in the nineteenth century its economy significantly lagged behind those of the other European powers

It had undertaken significant political and economic reforms in the late nineteenth century

The map reveals that Arab merchants were heavily involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Most trans-Atlantic African slave trade originated along the east African coast. More slaves were transported from Africa to the Caribbean and Brazil than other regions. Slave trade was a new development in the era c. 1450—c.1750

More slaves were transported from Africa to the Caribbean and Brazil than other regions.

Which of the following is considered the founder/father of modern Turkey?* 1/1 Francisco Madero Mustafa Kemal Emiliano Zapata Sun Yet-sen

Mustafa Kemal

Which of the following was a common characteristic of the major revolutions that occurred in Russia, China, and Mexico in the early twentieth century?* 1/1 Nationalism and socialism beliefs helped shape all three revolutions. Foreign powers played an important role in each revolution's initial success. The upper class of each society led the movement that resulted in revolution. Each revolution failed after a short period of violent civil war.

Nationalism and socialism beliefs helped shape all three revolutions.

Why was the interaction with Europeans so devastating to the Native Americans?* 1/1 Europeans killed all the native crops and planted European plants and crops Native Americans were forced to compete in death matches against each other for European entertainment Native Americans were introduced to diseases that they did not have immunity to None of the options are correct

Native Americans were introduced to diseases that they did not have immunity to

Which of the following contributed to the Great Dying in the Americas? A volcanic eruption and an earthquake that caused flooding A prolonged drought that made farming impossible The frequent warfare between the Aztec and Inca empires Native Americans' lack of immunity to Eurasian diseases

Native Americans' lack of immunity to Eurasian diseases

Lenin's economic policy centered on which of the following philosophy?* 0/1 New Deal New Economic Plan (NEP) Keynesian Economics Relief, Recovery, Reform

New Economic Plan (NEP)

0. During the second half of the twentieth century, population trends in which of the following regions most strongly contrasted with the overall trends illustrated in the table?* 0/1 Southeast Asia North Africa South Asia North America

North America

Total War during WWI did NOT include which of the following?* 1/1 propaganda planning boards censorship nuclear weapons

Nuclear Weapons

The author's political point of view can be most clearly seen in the way in which the passage1.Neglects to mention that South Asian migrants were a key source of labor for Western transnational corporations. 2.Disparages the development of contemporary Hinduism3.Omit and mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India. 4.Attributes historical events to divine intervention.

Omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the Birtish in India

Which of the following created a maritime empire? * China Ottoman Empire Russia Spain

Ottoman Empire

The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 is between what two countries?* 1/1 Spain and Great Britain Spain and France Portugal and Spain Portugal and France

Portugal and Spain

Italy has 108 inhabitants per square kilometer. In proportion to its territory, only three countries in Europe surpass Italy in population density: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Great Britain. Every year, 100,000 farmers and agricultural laborers emigrate from Italy. Italy witnesses its place in the family of civilized nations growing smaller and smaller as it looks on with fear for its political and economic future. In fact, during the last eighty years the English-speaking population throughout the world has risen from 22 to 90 million; the Russian-speaking population from 50 to 70; and so forth, down to the Spanish population who were 18 million and are now 39. On the other hand, the Italian-speaking population has only increased from 20 to 31 million. At first, our emigrants were spreading Italy's language in foreign countries, but since then, their sons and grandsons ended up forgetting the language of their fathers and forefathers.Realizing that our mistakes have cost us so much in the past and continue to cost us today, I believe that it is less secure and more expensive for our people to continue to try to eke out a living from barren land in Italy than to establish a large and prosperous agricultural colony in Eritrea.*"*an Italian colonial territory in northeast AfricaFerdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897Martini's argument in the second paragraph most clearly refers to the late-nineteenth-century belief that imperialism was a useful way to releive overcrowding and land shortages in European Countries secure raw materials for European factories promote scientific and technological progress "Civilize" native populations throeigh social change

Relieve overcrowding and land shortages in European countries

A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti's lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century? 1.Religious differences in colonial societies often led to communal violence. 2.Imperial states often grated preference to religious groups that they felt were less of a threat to their power. 3.Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule. 4.Imperial governments often consulted local religious leaders before issuing important decrees.

Religous movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule

17. Which of the following distinguished the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas from past instances of slavery in world history?* 1/1 Children of slaves were considered free. Most slaves were women and children. Most slaves were Slavic-speaking peoples. Slave status was associated with race.

Salve status was associated with race

A historian might argue that the trade described in the passage reflected a turning point in world history primarily because the opium trade answer choices Shifted the pattern of historic European trade imbalances with China. Marked the transition from mercantilist trade toward capitalist free trade Was the first time that Europeans used migrant labor to grow crops for global distribution Relied upon industrial techniques of production and modern consumer marketing.

Shifted the pattern of historic European trade imbalances with China

. In the era c. 1450—c. 1750, leaders in Russia sought to expand eastward into Siberia for which of these reasons? Western Europeans were thought to have nothing of value to Russia. Siberia was lightly populated and had many natural resources. Russia desired to expand its empire into a weakened China. The emperor of Siberia invited Russian colonists to settle in his kingdom

Siberia was lightly populated and had many natural resources.

The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why...1.Social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule. 2.Syncretic religious movements frequently emerged from cultural differences in colonial societies. 3.Nationalist movements against imperial rule often sought to bridge ethnic and religious differences by appealing to popular enlightenment ideals. 4.Settler colonies frequently exacerbated differences between religious groups in colonial societies.

Social divisions within colonial societies ofter hinderd the efforts of anitcolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule

Which of the following is NOT a fascist government?* 0/1 Hitler in Germany Stalin in USSR Franco in Spain Mussolini in Italy

Stalin in USSR

Which of the follwoing true statements about the Netherlands best explains hoe the newspaper's national origin likely influenced the view of Germany expressed in the editorial?

The Netherlands, by remaining nuetral during the war, profited significantly from heling Germany evade the Entente's naval blockade

Which of the following was established as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century?* 1/1 India Goa Mombasa The Philippines

The Philippines

The event that is considered the start of the Great Depression is* 1/1 Stock Market Crash US Hawley Smoot Tariff Hyperflation in Germany The Dust Bowl in the US

The Stock market crash

What factor made some parts of the world more receptive to Christianity than others?* 1/1 The absence of a literate world religion The strength of state religions The absence of military conquest The conversion of local rulers last

The absence of a literate world religion

Which of these statements is most accurate for the era c. 1450-c.1750? The use of silver as a trading commodity declined. The Spanish became the only European state with trade markets in the Americas and Asia. Native American empires began to trade directly with Asian markets The amount of trade goods exported from China to Europe and the Americas increased dramatically.

The amount of trade goods exported from China to Europe and the Americas increased dramatically.

The actions outlined in the last paragraph best illustrate which of the following weaknesses of the anti-globalization movement?* 1/1 The anti-globalization movement encompassed too many different groups around the world and advocated too many different goals to be truly effective The anti-globalization movement focused on social problems arising from cultural or racial bias, but neglected problems arising from economic inequality. The anti-globalization movement did not make effective use of new communication technologies to broaden its appeal. The anti-globalization movement advocated revolutionary methods of political change.

The anti-globalization movement encompassed too many different groups arounf the world and advocated too many different goals to be truly effective

The recommendation provided in the second paragraph is best explained in the context of which of the following historical situations in the aftermath of the Second World War?* 1/1 The emergence of fascist states engaged in territorial expansion in Asia and Africa The implementation of genocidal policies by totalitarian states The creation of secret competing alliance systems by European powers The attempts by Soviet officials to establish ideological ties with newly independent states

The attempts by soviet officials to establish ideological ties wiith newly independent states

. In the broader context of the 1990s, which of the following most likely limited the popular appeal of protests against the "global economic system" such as the ones called for in the passage?* 1/1 Global military tensions resulting from the expansion of NATO Rising concerns over environmental problems such as air pollution and ozone layer depletion The collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting absence of alternatives to the Western-dominated political and economic order The continuing reoccurrence of famines, civil wars, and other humanitarian crises in Third World countries, despite international efforts to address these crises

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting absence of alternatives to the western-dominated political and economic order

One consequences of the introduction of Africans into South America and the Caribbean was The creation of a social hierarchy based on race. Constant warfare between newly-arrived Africans and Native Americans. A sudden rise of social status of enslaved Africans within Latin American culture A new wave of epidemics brought in from Africa that killed native Americans and Europeans in roughly equal numbers.

The creation of a social hierarchy based on race

Which of the following was a result of the fur trade in North America in the early modern period? The enslavement of Native Americans to support the fur trade The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods The removal of Native Americans in the interior to reservations The monopoly of the fur trade by Russian hunters and trappers

The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods

The artist's perspective on the subject of the painting was most likely influenced by which of the following? The enlightenment Nationalism Social Darwinism The Hatian Revolution

The enlightenment

One similarity between Russian settlement of the Central Asian Steppes and Western European settlement of the Americas was Both were conquered with minimal resistance because the Siberians and Native Americans welcomed the new technology and goods brought by the invaders. Both involved long-distance sea voyages to reach their colonial destinations. Native peoples in both regions quickly surrendered to the invaders, whom they saw as naturally superior cultures. The indigenous peoples of both the Americas and Siberia suffered high demographic losses population due to exposure to unfamiliar disease pathogens.

The indigenous peoples of both the Americas and Siberia suffered high demographic losses population due to exposure to unfamiliar disease pathogens.

7. Which of the following is an example of the Columbian exchange?* 1/1 The emergence of Western Europeans on the world stage The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet The rivalry between Catholic Spain and Protestant England The interaction between the Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations

The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet

The monopoly of the fur trade by Russian hunters and trappers caused* 0/1 The local population suffered from exposure to European epidemic diseases against which they had no immunity. The local population became dependent on European trade goods. Competition between European traders meant that furs were obtained largely through commercial negotiations with the local population. Some animal species were hunted to near extinction.

The local population suffered from exposure to European epidemic diseases against which they had no immunity.

All of the following statements about the 1980s and 1990s are factually accurate. Which could have best been cited at the time to explain a limitation in Deng Xiaoping's arguments about the benefits of enacting the reforms proposed in the passage?* 1/1 The economic production of many communist states declined partly because they did not have the capital to invest in new manufacturing centers or repair existing centers. Some Asian states were forced to adopt free-trade, open-market policies as part of receiving economic assistance from the International Monetary Fund. Some Asian states reformed their economies based both on free-trade, open-market policies and the Japanese model of close cooperation between the government bureaucracy and large corporations. The Soviet Union collapsed in part because the implementation of economic liberalization policies exposed the weakness of its economy.

The soviet union crashed in part becuase of the implementation fo economic liberalization policies ecposed the weakness of its economy

The trade described in the passage is best seen as an early example of which of the following? answer choices The economic decline of Asian states resulting from the importation of cheap consumer goods from Europe. The growing economic influence of European immigrants in China. The declining political power of European joint-stock companies in Asia because of states assuming direct imperial control. The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states.

The use of economic emlpiarlism by European merchants and states

How did the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s affect the global economy? * European states required payment of taxes in silver. It set off a decade-long worldwide recession. It limited the purchasing power of European states. The value of silver around the world skyrocketed.

The value of silver around the world skyrocketed.

1. Women won the right to vote primarily as a result of the women's rights movement, but other factors were also important. Which of the following best helps explain the pattern in the bar graph above?* 1/1 The rise of organized labor and socialist parties The collapse of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires The world wars and decolonization The Great Depression and the Cold War

The world wars and decolonization

"An arrogant agent of the British Royal Africa Company in the 1680s learned the hard way who was in control when he spoke improperly to the king of Niumi, a small state in what is now Gambia. The company's records describe what happened next:'[O]ne of the [advisers to the king], taught the agent better manners by boxing him on the ears, which knocked off his hat, and seized him...and several others who were with the agent were put into the king's [jail] and stayed there till their ransom was paid....'"Source: Strayer/Nelson, Ways of the World with Sources for the AP® Course, 3rd Ed, p 624. 34. The trans-Atlantic African slave trade developed because* 1/1 There was a shortage of labor in the Americas because plantation agriculture and disease worked together to eliminate most of the indigenous population. Europeans and indigenous Americans formed partnerships to import Africans for slavery Competition for slaves from Asia into the Americas lowered the purchase price of African slaves. European kings forced plantation owners in the Americas to trade exclusively in African slaves.

There was a shortage of labor in the Americas because plantation agriculture and disease worked together to eliminate most of the indigenous population.

Which of the following accurately explains the histrocial significance of the harsh conditions imposed on Germany that the editorial describes

They encouraged the rise of political extremism in Germany

As described by Keshavrz in the first pharagraph, which of the following would best explain why European countries were implementing policies to increase the size of their populations?

They wanted to address the effects of the First World War and mobilize for future conflilcts

Which of the following was NOT a motivation for European exploration?* 1/1 Explorers hoped to find riches overseas , especially gold and silver Many Europeans believed it was their duty to convert people to Christianity Various inventions made it possible for Europeans to venture further into the ocean They wanted to strengthen the monopoly Italian cities had on trade with Asia

They wanted to strengthen the monopoly Italian cities had on trade with Asia

Which describes the role that Europeans played in the economy of the early modern era (1450-1750)?* 1/1 They controlled the markets of the East to work to their advantage. They were essentially middlemen funneling American silver to Asia. They established and enforced a new international system of trade. They dominated the global trade in textiles, tea, and porcelain.

They were essentially middlemen funneling American silver to Asia.

Which of the following best describes the artists likely purpose in painting this particular subject? To advocate for violent rebellion against British Colonial Rule To demonstrate the racial oppression suffered by free people of color in the West Indies To argue for the respectability of free people of color To call for a greater emigration by Europeans to the West Indies

To argue for the respectability of free people of color

Which of the following was an incentive for the Portuguese to find a direct sea route to Asia? * 1/1 To circumvent the Muslim and Venetian monopolies on the trade in Eastern goods To establish colonies for their growing population and create markets for their goods To continue the Crusades in Asia and Pacific Oceania To establish a base on the eastern end of the Silk Road

To circumvent the Muslim and Venetian monopolies on the trade in Eastern goods

Which of the following best explains the purpose of the arguments expressed in the passage?* 1/1 To influence Soviet government officials to adopt economic policies that would harm the Soviet Union To influence United States government officials to adopt policies designed to avoid a major war To convince world leaders to unite in order to stop the evils of communism To convince Soviet citizens that the United States meant them no harm in the hopes of creating a sustainable peace

To influence United States govenrment officials to adopt policies to avoid a major war

8. Based on the image and its historical context, which of the following can best be inferred about the artist's primary purpose in creating the painting?* 1/1 The painting shows Chinese youths dressed in the style typically depicted in communist propaganda posters, but with the Coca-Cola corporate logo in the background. The painting has been displayed in several galleries and museums in China. To celebrate Chinese people's continued devotion to communist ideology and their rejection of capitalism To offer an ironic commentary on the triumph of Western consumer culture in communist China To support the suppression of dissident thought during the long rule of Mao Zedong To make a plea for Westerners to develop a greater understanding of Chinese values

To offer and ironic comentary on the triumph of western consumer culture in communist China

. Which of the following reasons was NOT a reason the United States joined the war?* 1/1 Sinking of the Lusitania To make the world safe for democracy To prevent Russia from becoming Communist the Zimmerman Telegram

To prevent Russia from being communist

Which of these was a significant change in long-distance trade networks in the era c. 1450-c. 1750? Trade networks expanded to cover the globe for the first time. The Indian Ocean became the world's most significant trade network for the first time. The Silk Roads expanded to connect Asia and Europe for the first time. Overall commercial activity expanded for the first time.

Trade networks expanded to cover the globe for the first time.

Consequences of the Sub-Saharan and West African slave trade on African women included all of the following EXCEPT:* 1/1 West African men had trouble finding wives with which to create their families and lineages. Women assumed traditionally male responsibilities to providing for their families Female slavery increased in Africa itself as warriors and nobles sought to distinguish themselves from "ordinary" Africans. Some women were able to exercise political power and accumulate great wealth, sometimes through marriage to European traders.

West African men had trouble finding wives with which to create their families and lineages.

4. Which of the following economic developments in the late twentieth century could best be cited to explain a limitation of the path of economic development alluded to in the passage?* 1/1 Although China liberalized its economy, it often used its newly created wealth to increase its influence in various world regions, such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America, often with controversial results. While Asian states such as China experienced economic growth because of liberal economic reforms, agricultural subsidies in Western nations prevented rural areas from experiencing the same rates of growth as urban areas. While economic liberalization in Asian states such as China made Asia a center of global manufacturing, Western states became knowledge economies, which allowed for higher wages and standards of living for their populations. Although China enacted economic reforms, the state maintained tight control over much of the economy, which in some cases allowed bureaucrats to prevent market distortions and transfer capital to important firms quickl

While economic liberalization in Asian States such as China made Asia a center of global manufacturing, Western States became knowledge economies, which allowed for higher wages and stardards of living for their populations

"When the proposal to proclaim the equality of races was rejected by the Peace Conference at Versailles, Viscount Makino, the Japanese representative, made it known that Japan would reintroduce the proposal. Obviously, Japan feels that this issue is momentous for the sake of humanity and the peace of the world.Of the non-white countries, Japan has taken the lead in adopting the best parts of European civilization. Japan codified her laws, and reformed her police and judicial systems, her military and naval forces, thus placing herself almost on an equal footing with that of the European countries.Some whites regard the development of Japan as an unjustifiable encroachment upon their own rights. It is, of course, true that there are still peoples in this world who are so backward in civilization that they cannot at once be admitted into the international family on an equal footing. What they need is proper guidance and direction. When they have reached a certain stage of civilization, they should be given an equal place and rank in the family of nations. Although most Asiatic nations are fully peers of European nations, yet they are discriminated against because of the color of the skin. The root of this discrimination lies in the perverted feeling of racial superiority entertained by the whites. If the present situation continues, there is every likelihood that the peace of the world will be endangered."Okuma Shigenobu, Japanese member of parliament and former prime minister, "Illusions of the White Race," article published in a Japanese journal, Tokyo, 1921Shigenobu's criticism of European race-based discrimination against Japanese people is significant mostly because it shows that advocates of Japanese imperialism

adopted the European atitudes about "civilizing mission" and used those attitudes to justify Japan's own imperial policies

Mariners relied on which of the following advances to learn to navigate the global? (click all that apply)* 0/1 astronomical charts astrolabe Lateen sails compass

astronomical charts astrolabe Lateen sails compass

. Stalin rose to power by* 0/1 assassinating Lenin winning the confidence of the Russian people building a loyal following among Communist party members using the Red Army to defeat his enemies

building a loyal following among Communist party members

Joseph Stalin's plans for USSR did NOT include which of the following?* 0/1 deficit spending collectivization Five-Year plan Great Purge

deficit spending

"When the proposal to proclaim the equality of races was rejected by the Peace Conference at Versailles, Viscount Makino, the Japanese representative, made it known that Japan would reintroduce the proposal. Obviously, Japan feels that this issue is momentous for the sake of humanity and the peace of the world.Of the non-white countries, Japan has taken the lead in adopting the best parts of European civilization. Japan codified her laws, and reformed her police and judicial systems, her military and naval forces, thus placing herself almost on an equal footing with that of the European countries.Some whites regard the development of Japan as an unjustifiable encroachment upon their own rights. It is, of course, true that there are still peoples in this world who are so backward in civilization that they cannot at once be admitted into the international family on an equal footing. What they need is proper guidance and direction. When they have reached a certain stage of civilization, they should be given an equal place and rank in the family of nations. Although most Asiatic nations are fully peers of European nations, yet they are discriminated against because of the color of the skin. The root of this discrimination lies in the perverted feeling of racial superiority entertained by the whites. If the present situation continues, there is every likelihood that the peace of the world will be endangered."Okuma Shigenobu, Japanese member of parliament and former prime minister, "Illusions of the White Race," article published in a Japanese journal, Tokyo, 1921 Asian reactions to Western claims of racial and cultural superiority, such as the reaction by Shigenobu in the passage, were also instruemtal in the period 1918-1945 in the

growing number of conversions to christianity among Asian peoples

Which of the following was used or adopted by the Spanish to create forced labor systems? (check all that apply)* 0/1 indentured servitude encomienda hacienda mit'a

hacienda mit'a encomienda

Mercantilism included which of the following? (check all that apply)* 0/1 high tariffs increased government control of the economy as much gold and silver as possible No creation of colonies

high tariffs increased government control of the economy as much gold and silver as possible

2. A supporter of free-market policies in the late twentieth century would have most likely explained that the policy argued for in the passage did not sufficiently* 1/1 protect Chinese workers because foreign companies could lower their wages liberalize the Chinese economy because only fourteen cities were opened to foreign investment and trade outline a path for China to maintain its social welfare programs while liberalizing the economy establish a regulatory system to restrict foreign companies from taking business away from Chinese firms

liberalize Chinses workers becuase foreign companies could lower their wages

Great Britain, Italy, and France's chief goal at the peace conference after WWI was to* 1/1 make Germany pay for the war it caused ensure that the League of Nations was strong prevent the blaming of one country for the war make the US stay out of European affairs

make Germany pay for the war it caused

"When the proposal to proclaim the equality of races was rejected by the Peace Conference at Versailles, Viscount Makino, the Japanese representative, made it known that Japan would reintroduce the proposal. Obviously, Japan feels that this issue is momentous for the sake of humanity and the peace of the world.Of the non-white countries, Japan has taken the lead in adopting the best parts of European civilization. Japan codified her laws, and reformed her police and judicial systems, her military and naval forces, thus placing herself almost on an equal footing with that of the European countries.Some whites regard the development of Japan as an unjustifiable encroachment upon their own rights. It is, of course, true that there are still peoples in this world who are so backward in civilization that they cannot at once be admitted into the international family on an equal footing. What they need is proper guidance and direction. When they have reached a certain stage of civilization, they should be given an equal place and rank in the family of nations. Although most Asiatic nations are fully peers of European nations, yet they are discriminated against because of the color of the skin. The root of this discrimination lies in the perverted feeling of racial superiority entertained by the whites. If the present situation continues, there is every likelihood that the peace of the world will be endangered."Okuma Shigenobu, Japanese member of parliament and former prime minister, "Illusions of the White Race," article published in a Japanese journal, Tokyo, 1921Shigenobu's point of view regarding Western attitudes toward Japan as expressed in the passage is significant in that similar ideas were used by members of the Japanese government during the period between the First and the Second World Wars to justify

militarizing the Japanese state and expanding its territories in Asia

Why was WWI more destructive than previous wars?* 1/1 the armies were more ruthless it lasted longer modern weapons were more deadly nuclear bombs were dropped by airplanes

modern weapons were more deadly

The statement below held appeal for nationalists in areas under colonial control because it suggested: "...A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined..." -President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, 1918* 1/1 a system of alliances national self-determination protection from terrorists economic development

national self-determination

What were the causes of WWI?* 1/1 nationalism, socialism, alliances, industry nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliances militarism, armies, independence, nationalism militarism, imperialism, alliances, greed

nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliances

Which of was NOT a reason Africans were targeted for slavery?* 1/1 Indigenous people often escaped Slavic people were cut off from South Russia Indigenous enslavement repeatedly failed plantation labor was very easy work

plantation labor was very easy work

Which of the following pushed Europeans into exploration and trade? primogeniture laws. population growth search for religious freedom war with China

primogeniture laws. population growth search for religious freedom

The origins of the Atlantic slave trade were associated with the* 1/1 expansion of Russia. production of sugar. Little Ice Age. trade in silver.

production of sugar.

"Sir, Your Highness should know how our Kingdom is being lost...since this is caused by the excessive freedom given by your agents and officials to the men and merchants who are allowed to come to this Kingdom to set up shops....We cannot reckon how great the damage is, since the mentioned merchants are taking every day our natives, sons of the land and the sons of our noblemen and vassals and our relatives...they grab them and get them to be sold."- Afonso I, leader of the Kongo Kingdom, letter to the King of Portugal, July 1526"We the King of Kilwa [a Swahili city state], Sultan Hasan son of Sultan Ibrahim son of Sultan Yusuf...give our word to M. Morice, a French national, that we will give him a thousand slaves annually at twenty piastres each and that he shall give the King a present of two piastres for each slave . No other but he shall be allowed to trade for slaves, whether French, Dutch , Portuguese, [etc.], until he shall have received his slaves and has no wish for more."- Slave trade agreement, 1776 4. In both passages an African leader is attempting to assure that the slave trade would end by becoming unprofitable give Europeans complete control over the slave trade negotiate with Europeans so ordinary Africans could benefit from the slave trade regulate the slave trade so his kingdom could profit from it

regulate the slave trade so his kingdom could profit from it

The first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in* 1/1 fur. spices. silk. silver.

silver.

"This spring, those Indians who lived in their trading house here fell sick with smallpox, and died most miserably. They fear smallpox more than any other disease because it is very common among them. The condition of this people was so lamentable, and they suffered so greatly from this disease that they were, in the end, not able to help each other, or make a fire, or fetch water to drink.Those of us in the English settlement, seeing their woeful and sad condition, took pity on the Indians and daily fetched them wood and water, and food. Nonetheless, very few of the Indians survived. But by the marvelous goodness of God, not one of the English colonists was stricken or infected by the disease at all, though many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks."----William Bradford, English settler in the Plymouth Colony in North America, diary entry for the year 1633. The author uses several things as evidence to support his argument about the impact of smallpox on Native American populations. 43. Which one is NOT evidence to the impact of smallpox? many Native Americans who contracted smallpox died from it the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox the Native Americans feared smallpox more than any other disease smallpox was widespread among Native Americans

the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox

Which event marked the start of WWI?* 1/1 the sinking of the Lusitania Germany's invasion of Belgium release of propaganda the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

The emergence of Japan as a major source of silver production in the sixteenth century contributed to* 1/1 wars with Spain for control of the silver trade. a population explosion and ecological crisis. the end of civil war and the unification of Japan. Japan's rise as an empire by the seventeenth century.

the end of civil war and the unification of Japan.

9. The population trend shown in the table for sub-Saharan African states such as Angola and Zimbabwe in the period 1950-2000 most likely reflects which of the following?* 1/1 Increased political stability Increased wealth from the sale of natural resources The greater availability of vaccines The greater availability of financial assistance from international institutions

the greater availibity of vaccines

Which of the following developments in the early modern period provided incentives for Europeans to go into the fur trade?* 1/1 The market in textiles The Middle Passage The Little Ice Age The spread of Islam

the little ice age

12. Which of the following historical events best explains why, in the period 1990-2000, the trends in carbon dioxide production in the United States and in Russia diverge, as shown in Graph 2 ?* 0/1 While the United States economy mostly continued to grow, Russia's economy contracted following the collapse of the Soviet Union. While the United States increased its dependency on fossil fuels, Russia relied more on nuclear energy. While the United States experienced the benefits of the Green Revolution, Russia experienced a decline in agricultural production. While the United States relied on imports of oil and gas, Russia remained largely self-sufficient in energy production.

while the United States economy mostly continued to grow, Russia's economy contracted following the collapse of the soviet Union