AP1 Ch. 10 Gross Anatomy of Muscular System lecture review

A muscle that accomplishes a certain movement._______________

Agonist

Muscles of the hyoid do what?

Aid in movement of the mandible during mastication.

A muscle that opposes a muscle that accomplishes a certain movement. ____________________

Antagonist

Scalenes

Assist the sternocleidomastoid muscle in neck flexion. Is a fixator, Lateral to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Lateral and medial pterygoids

-protract and move the mandible from side to side -medial also elevates the mandible

Orbicularis Oris does what?

Closes the mouth and puckers the lips for kissing.

Which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff? *trapezius *teres major *coracobrachialis *Infraspinatus

Infraspinatus

The mobile end of a muscle. ___________________

Insertion

Everson and plantar flexion is accomplished by muscles in the ______________ compartment.

Lateral

temporalis muscle

Muscle of the side of the head that moves the mandible upward and backward.

What are the General Principals of Skeletal Muscle Anatomy?

Muscle terminology: Origin or head, insertion, belly. Tendons, Agonist, Antagonist, Synergists: Prime mover & Fixators,

Muscle Movements

Muscles and their tendons and bones act together as lever systems to move either parts of the body or the whole body. Lever system depends on pull, fulcrum, and weight or resistance.

Muscles of the hyoid consist of what muscles?

Mylohyoid, Sternohyoid, Digastric, Stylohyoid

What muscle of the head wraps around the orbits?

Orbicularis Oculi

One muscle of a group working together that plays the major role in accomplishing the movement. _______________

Prime mover

Sternocleidomastoid

Prime mover of head flexion; a two-headed muscle. Originates in the Sternum & Clavicle to the mastoid process. Is V shaped.

Corrugator Supercilii does what?

Producing the furrows in the skin between the eyes when concentrating.

Class III Lever

Pull located between fulcrum and weight Most common: biceps brachii with elbow as fulcrum

Occipitofrontalis does what?

Raises the eyebrows for a surprised look.

Head and Neck Muscles

Rotation and lateral flexion of neck due to lateral and posterior groups.

Zygomaticus major and minor does what?

Smiling

Risorius and levator anguli oris does what?

Smiling.

Levator Labiisuperioris does what?

Sneering

Fixators

Stabilize joint/s crossed by the prime mover; prevent movement of the origin of the prime mover. i.e., Brachialis muscle, Trapezius, Scalenes

Members of a group of muscles working together to produce a movement. _________________

Synergist

Trunk muscles are muscles moving the ____________ _______________.

Vertebral Column

Class II Lever

Weight is between fulcrum and pull. Depression of mandible. i.e., Fulcrum is the mandible fossa, pull and the mouth dropping when opened and the weight is the weight of the mandible.

Synergist

When you "pull your tummy in" and compress your abdomen, you use the rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. This is an example of muscles working as?

Antagonist

a muscle working in opposition to agonist. (it will want not to have you move that muscle.)

Orbicularis oris and buccinators

a.k.a. kissing muscles

Tendons

attach muscles to bones

Cutaneous muscles

attach to the skin.

Thoracic Muscles are involved in _______________?

breathing

Mastication

chewing involves elevation/depression of the mandible and excursion to grind teeth together.

Moving the effort closer to the fulcrum ____________ the mechanical advantage.

decreases

Internal Intercostals

depress ribs during expiration.

depressor labii inferoris

depresses lower lip, frown

Transversus thoracis

depresses ribs during expiration.

Corrugator supercilii

draws eyebrows inferiorly and wrinkles skin of forehead vertically as in frowning

Resistance between the _____________________ classifies a second class lever.

effort and the fulcrum

scalenes

elevate first two ribs during inspiration

External intercostals

elevate the ribs

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

entirely within the tongue and allow change in shape.

Which back muscle inserts on the ribs and vertebrae?

erector spinae

Superficial group muscles

extend from vertebrae to ribs

A _____________ lever is when the resistance and effort are on opposite sides of the fulcrum.

first class

Classes of levers

first, second, third

Weight or resistance

force of gravity either in the form of the weight of the body parts or the weight of an object being lifted, pulled, or pushed.

Pull

force of muscle contraction applied to the lever.

Deep Group Muscles

from vertebra to vertebra

depressor anguli oris

frown

Which of the following represents a class I lever system? *hyperextension of the head *crossing your legs *standing on your tiptoes

hyperextension of the head

Moving the resistance closer to the fulcrum ________________ the mechanical advantage.

increases

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

insert in tongue and allow change in shape and movement.

rectus muscles of the eye

insert on sclera anterior to center of sphere. Move eyeball and thus pupil laterally, superiorly, inferiorly, and medially.

Oblique muscles of the eye

insert onto the posterolateral margin of the eyeball. Both laterally deviate the eyeball.

orbicularis oris

kissing muscle

Belly

largest portion of the muscle between origin and insertion. i.e., the bulge of the muscle.

Which muscle will elevate the scapula?

levator scapulae

Diaphragm

major movement of inspiration.

Insertion

muscle end attached to bone with greatest movement. example: end of the muscle.

Orgin or head

muscle end attached to more stationary of two bones. example: Bicep has 2 origins or heads.

Agonist

muscle that, when it contracts, causes an action. i.e., bicep

Synergists

muscles that work together to cause a movement.

The fixed end of a muscle _______________.

origin

Fulcrum

pivot point or joint

Prime mover

plays major role in accomplishing movement. i.e., Bicep

Occipitofrontalis

raises eyebrows and furrows skin of forehead

zygomaticus minor

raises upper lip

zygomaticus major

raises upper lips, exposing upper teeth

When the effort is between the __________________________ it is classified as a third class lever.

resistance and the fulcrum

What are the four groups associated with rib cage?

scalenes, external intercostals, internal intercostals, transversus thoracis.

zygomaticus major and minor, levator anguli oris, and risorius accomplish what?

smiling

levator labii superioris

sneering

Tongue movement is important in _______________ and ___________________.

speech and swallowing.

Choosing from the lateral neck muscles, which muscle is the prime mover for flexion of the head at the neck? *splenius capitis *trapezius *sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

A high school pitcher is told he strained his "rotator cuff". Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle? *supraspinatus *teres major *teres minor *infraspinatus

teres major

Masseter muscle

the muscle that closes the mouth and is the major muscle involved in mastication (chewing)

mentalis

wrinkles chin, frown

Trapezius

Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm. It is a fixator, posterior side, triangular. Originates from the occipital protuberance and inserts into the scapula.

Group of muscles that move vertebral column are collectively known as ________________________?

Erector Spinae group

True or false? The anterior leg muscles are extensor muscles involved in plantar flexion and eversion or inversion of the foot and extension of the toes.

False

Muscles that hold one bone in place relative to the body while a usually more. _______________

Fixator

Buccinator does what?

Flattens the cheek for kissing.

Abdominal Wall muscles do what?

Flex and rotate vertebral column, decrease volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities. Aid in forced expiration, vomiting, defecation, urination, childbirth. Crossing pattern of muscles adds strength to abdominal wall to support organs.

Mentalis and depressor labii inferioris does what?

Frowning or pouting.

Class 1 lever

Fulcrum between force and weight. Head movement at the atlantooccipital joint. i.e., bending head backwards pull is at the occipital, fulcrum is the cervical bones, and weight is the weight of the head leaning back from chin on back

The erector spinae group consists of what?

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis.

With most muscles classified as _________________, if one were able to move the tendon attachments more _________, the leverage would increase.

Third-class, distal

True or False. The lateral leg muscles are primarily everters of the foot, but they can also aid in plantar flexion.

True

True or False. The muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg can plantar flex and invert the foot and flex the toes.

True

In the body, the head and neck musculature is an example of a __________ lever system. *class 1 *class 2 *class 3 *class 4 *class 5

class 1

In the body, movement of the mandible would involve a _______________ lever system. *class 1 *class 2 *class 3 *class 4 *class 5

class 2

In the body, the action of the biceps brachii muscle pulling on the radius to flex the elbow and elevate the hand is an example of a _________ lever system. *class 1 *class 2 *class 3 *class 4 *class 5

class 3

The flexion of the elbow represents a ___________. *nonlever system *class IV lever system *class II lever system *class III lever system

class III lever system

Orbicularis Oculi

closes eyelids and causes "crow's feet"