AP1 Ch. 10 Gross Anatomy of Muscular System lecture review
A muscle that accomplishes a certain movement._______________
Agonist
Muscles of the hyoid do what?
Aid in movement of the mandible during mastication.
A muscle that opposes a muscle that accomplishes a certain movement. ____________________
Antagonist
Scalenes
Assist the sternocleidomastoid muscle in neck flexion. Is a fixator, Lateral to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Lateral and medial pterygoids
-protract and move the mandible from side to side -medial also elevates the mandible
Orbicularis Oris does what?
Closes the mouth and puckers the lips for kissing.
Which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff? *trapezius *teres major *coracobrachialis *Infraspinatus
Infraspinatus
The mobile end of a muscle. ___________________
Insertion
Everson and plantar flexion is accomplished by muscles in the ______________ compartment.
Lateral
temporalis muscle
Muscle of the side of the head that moves the mandible upward and backward.
What are the General Principals of Skeletal Muscle Anatomy?
Muscle terminology: Origin or head, insertion, belly. Tendons, Agonist, Antagonist, Synergists: Prime mover & Fixators,
Muscle Movements
Muscles and their tendons and bones act together as lever systems to move either parts of the body or the whole body. Lever system depends on pull, fulcrum, and weight or resistance.
Muscles of the hyoid consist of what muscles?
Mylohyoid, Sternohyoid, Digastric, Stylohyoid
What muscle of the head wraps around the orbits?
Orbicularis Oculi
One muscle of a group working together that plays the major role in accomplishing the movement. _______________
Prime mover
Sternocleidomastoid
Prime mover of head flexion; a two-headed muscle. Originates in the Sternum & Clavicle to the mastoid process. Is V shaped.
Corrugator Supercilii does what?
Producing the furrows in the skin between the eyes when concentrating.
Class III Lever
Pull located between fulcrum and weight Most common: biceps brachii with elbow as fulcrum
Occipitofrontalis does what?
Raises the eyebrows for a surprised look.
Head and Neck Muscles
Rotation and lateral flexion of neck due to lateral and posterior groups.
Zygomaticus major and minor does what?
Smiling
Risorius and levator anguli oris does what?
Smiling.
Levator Labiisuperioris does what?
Sneering
Fixators
Stabilize joint/s crossed by the prime mover; prevent movement of the origin of the prime mover. i.e., Brachialis muscle, Trapezius, Scalenes
Members of a group of muscles working together to produce a movement. _________________
Synergist
Trunk muscles are muscles moving the ____________ _______________.
Vertebral Column
Class II Lever
Weight is between fulcrum and pull. Depression of mandible. i.e., Fulcrum is the mandible fossa, pull and the mouth dropping when opened and the weight is the weight of the mandible.
Synergist
When you "pull your tummy in" and compress your abdomen, you use the rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. This is an example of muscles working as?
Antagonist
a muscle working in opposition to agonist. (it will want not to have you move that muscle.)
Orbicularis oris and buccinators
a.k.a. kissing muscles
Tendons
attach muscles to bones
Cutaneous muscles
attach to the skin.
Thoracic Muscles are involved in _______________?
breathing
Mastication
chewing involves elevation/depression of the mandible and excursion to grind teeth together.
Moving the effort closer to the fulcrum ____________ the mechanical advantage.
decreases
Internal Intercostals
depress ribs during expiration.
depressor labii inferoris
depresses lower lip, frown
Transversus thoracis
depresses ribs during expiration.
Corrugator supercilii
draws eyebrows inferiorly and wrinkles skin of forehead vertically as in frowning
Resistance between the _____________________ classifies a second class lever.
effort and the fulcrum
scalenes
elevate first two ribs during inspiration
External intercostals
elevate the ribs
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
entirely within the tongue and allow change in shape.
Which back muscle inserts on the ribs and vertebrae?
erector spinae
Superficial group muscles
extend from vertebrae to ribs
A _____________ lever is when the resistance and effort are on opposite sides of the fulcrum.
first class
Classes of levers
first, second, third
Weight or resistance
force of gravity either in the form of the weight of the body parts or the weight of an object being lifted, pulled, or pushed.
Pull
force of muscle contraction applied to the lever.
Deep Group Muscles
from vertebra to vertebra
depressor anguli oris
frown
Which of the following represents a class I lever system? *hyperextension of the head *crossing your legs *standing on your tiptoes
hyperextension of the head
Moving the resistance closer to the fulcrum ________________ the mechanical advantage.
increases
extrinsic muscles of the tongue
insert in tongue and allow change in shape and movement.
rectus muscles of the eye
insert on sclera anterior to center of sphere. Move eyeball and thus pupil laterally, superiorly, inferiorly, and medially.
Oblique muscles of the eye
insert onto the posterolateral margin of the eyeball. Both laterally deviate the eyeball.
orbicularis oris
kissing muscle
Belly
largest portion of the muscle between origin and insertion. i.e., the bulge of the muscle.
Which muscle will elevate the scapula?
levator scapulae
Diaphragm
major movement of inspiration.
Insertion
muscle end attached to bone with greatest movement. example: end of the muscle.
Orgin or head
muscle end attached to more stationary of two bones. example: Bicep has 2 origins or heads.
Agonist
muscle that, when it contracts, causes an action. i.e., bicep
Synergists
muscles that work together to cause a movement.
The fixed end of a muscle _______________.
origin
Fulcrum
pivot point or joint
Prime mover
plays major role in accomplishing movement. i.e., Bicep
Occipitofrontalis
raises eyebrows and furrows skin of forehead
zygomaticus minor
raises upper lip
zygomaticus major
raises upper lips, exposing upper teeth
When the effort is between the __________________________ it is classified as a third class lever.
resistance and the fulcrum
What are the four groups associated with rib cage?
scalenes, external intercostals, internal intercostals, transversus thoracis.
zygomaticus major and minor, levator anguli oris, and risorius accomplish what?
smiling
levator labii superioris
sneering
Tongue movement is important in _______________ and ___________________.
speech and swallowing.
Choosing from the lateral neck muscles, which muscle is the prime mover for flexion of the head at the neck? *splenius capitis *trapezius *sternocleidomastoid
sternocleidomastoid
A high school pitcher is told he strained his "rotator cuff". Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle? *supraspinatus *teres major *teres minor *infraspinatus
teres major
Masseter muscle
the muscle that closes the mouth and is the major muscle involved in mastication (chewing)
mentalis
wrinkles chin, frown
Trapezius
Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm. It is a fixator, posterior side, triangular. Originates from the occipital protuberance and inserts into the scapula.
Group of muscles that move vertebral column are collectively known as ________________________?
Erector Spinae group
True or false? The anterior leg muscles are extensor muscles involved in plantar flexion and eversion or inversion of the foot and extension of the toes.
False
Muscles that hold one bone in place relative to the body while a usually more. _______________
Fixator
Buccinator does what?
Flattens the cheek for kissing.
Abdominal Wall muscles do what?
Flex and rotate vertebral column, decrease volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities. Aid in forced expiration, vomiting, defecation, urination, childbirth. Crossing pattern of muscles adds strength to abdominal wall to support organs.
Mentalis and depressor labii inferioris does what?
Frowning or pouting.
Class 1 lever
Fulcrum between force and weight. Head movement at the atlantooccipital joint. i.e., bending head backwards pull is at the occipital, fulcrum is the cervical bones, and weight is the weight of the head leaning back from chin on back
The erector spinae group consists of what?
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis.
With most muscles classified as _________________, if one were able to move the tendon attachments more _________, the leverage would increase.
Third-class, distal
True or False. The lateral leg muscles are primarily everters of the foot, but they can also aid in plantar flexion.
True
True or False. The muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg can plantar flex and invert the foot and flex the toes.
True
In the body, the head and neck musculature is an example of a __________ lever system. *class 1 *class 2 *class 3 *class 4 *class 5
class 1
In the body, movement of the mandible would involve a _______________ lever system. *class 1 *class 2 *class 3 *class 4 *class 5
class 2
In the body, the action of the biceps brachii muscle pulling on the radius to flex the elbow and elevate the hand is an example of a _________ lever system. *class 1 *class 2 *class 3 *class 4 *class 5
class 3
The flexion of the elbow represents a ___________. *nonlever system *class IV lever system *class II lever system *class III lever system
class III lever system
Orbicularis Oculi
closes eyelids and causes "crow's feet"