AP2: Lab 6- Lymphatic and Immune System; Blood Typing

Like the ABO blood group, the Rh blood group is important in determining blood transfusion compatibility. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Rh blood group? A: Anti-Rh (D) antibodies are only found in Rh- individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ blood. B: Rh+ blood can be safely transfused into individuals with Rh- blood with no adverse reactions. C: Individuals with Rh- blood type have Rh (D) antigens on the surface of their red blood cells. D: Individuals with Rh+ blood type have the corresponding anti-Rh (D) antibodies in their plasma.

A: Anti-Rh (D) antibodies are only found in Rh- individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ blood. *The term Rh comes from its discovery using Rhesus monkeys. The + and - signs are added as a suffix to the ABO blood type.

Identify the structure on the photomicrograph labeled "a." A: Capsule B: Medullary sinus C: Red pulp D: Medullary cord

A: Capsule

Histologically, what feature is shared by all tonsils but is absent in other MALT nodules? A: Crypts B: Efferent vessels C: Capsules D: Germinal centers

A: Crypts

What is the main structural difference between a lymphatic organ and a lymphatic nodule? A: Lymphatic organs have a connective tissue capsule, while lymphatic nodules do not. B: Lymphatic organs only contain B cells, while lymphatic nodules contain both B and T cells. C: Lymphatic nodules only contain B cells, while lymphatic organs contain both B and T cells. D: Lymphatic nodules have a connective tissue capsule, while lymphatic organs do not.

A: Lymphatic organs have a connective tissue capsule, while lymphatic nodules do not.

Which structure is highlighted? A: right lymphatic duct B: axillary node C: lymphatic trunk D: thoracic duct

A: right lymphatic duct

Which structure is highlighted? A: spleen B: adrenal gland C: kidney D: pancreas

A: spleen

Which structure is highlighted? A: spleen B: pancreas C: kidney D: adrenal gland

A: spleen

What is the name of this lymphatic organ? A: thymus B: spleen C: thyroid gland D: lymph node

A: thymus

What is MALT? A: An area of fermentation resulting from infection B: Areas or nodules or lymphatic tissue associated with mucous membranes C: Process that describes the gradual atrophy of the thymus D: Lymphatic tissue specialized in filtering out yeast microbes

B: Areas or nodules or lymphatic tissue associated with mucous membranes

Which is a function of the spleen? A: Makes new red blood cells B: Filters blood C: Generates white blood cells D: Filters lymph

B: Filters blood

Which statement describes the thymus? A: It filters blood. B: It atrophies with age. C: It removes pathogens from the body. D: It filters lymph.

B: It atrophies with age.

Which lymphatic vessel is blind-ended and draws in excess interstitial fluid around capillary beds? A: Lymph duct B: Lymphatic capillary C: Lymph trunk D: Lymph-collecting vessel

B: Lymphatic capillary

During a football game a quarterback sustained a hard blow to the back and fell hard to the ground. As a result, his spleen ruptured and was removed during emergency surgery. Though the player will fully recover he will have to take extra precautions, such as annual flu vaccinations and frequent hand washing, to prevent infections. Which of the following explains why the football player will now have to take these additional precautions? A: The spleen is no longer present to produce B or T cells, so the player has lost his ability to properly respond to infections. B: The spleen performs the same functions for the blood that the lymph nodes perform for lymph. Foreign antigens circulating in the blood will cause the spleen to initiate immune responses to activate B and T cells. C: The spleen contains all of the B and T cells in the body. If the spleen is removed the player would be immunodeficient. D: The spleen functions to remove all of the protein from the blood. When the spleen is removed the player will develop hypercoagulation.

B: The spleen performs the same functions for the blood that the lymph nodes perform for lymph. Foreign antigens circulating in the blood will cause the spleen to initiate immune responses to activate B and T cells.

Which structures are highlighted? A: axillary nodes B: cervical nodes C: lymphatic collecting vessels D: iliac nodes

B: cervical nodes

B cells provide this kind of immunity. A: clonal B: humoral C: cellular D: antigenic

B: humoral

Although all of the organs below can raise an immune response, only this one filters the lymph. A: tonsils B: lymph nodes C: spleen

B: lymph nodes

Select the mechanism below that is not involved in the flow of lymph through the lymphatic vessels. A: pressure changes in the thorax that occur during breathing B: pumping action of the heart C: milking action of skeletal muscles

B: pumping action of the heart

The ________ receives lymph from the left half of the body and part of the right side as well. A: right lymphatic duct B: thoracic duct C: right subclavian vein D: cisterna chili

B: thoracic duct

What is the purpose of the highlighted vessels? A: to bring oxygenated blood out to the muscles of the lower limb B: to drain fluid from the tissues of the lower limb back towards blood vessels near the heart C: to provide somatic sensory innervation to the muscles of the thigh D: to return deoxygenated blood from the lower limb to the heart

B: to drain fluid from the tissues of the lower limb back towards blood vessels near the heart

The function of B cells in the immune response is ________. A: to attack virus-infected cells B: to produce plasma cells that make antibodies C: to attack bacteria D: to attack tumor cells

B: to produce plasma cells that make antibodies

Which lymphatic structure is located on the cecum? A: Adenoid B: Spleen C: Appendix D: Lacteal

C: Appendix

The humoral immune response directly relies on the function of which cell type(s)? A: Memory T cells B: Suppressor T cells C: B cells D: Cytotoxic T cells

C: B cells

Identify the structure on the photomicrograph labeled "d." A: Follicle B: Efferent vessel C: Germinal center D: Afferent vessel

C: Germinal center

Which lymphoid organ filters lymph? A: Lymphatic vessel B: Thymus C: Lymph node D: Spleen

C: Lymph node

Which structures are highlighted? A: germinal centers B: white pulp of spleen C: Peyer's patches D: tonsils

C: Peyer's patches

Red pulp and white pulp are characteristic of which lymphoid organ? A: Thymus B: Tonsil C: Spleen D: Lymph node

C: Spleen

Which lymphoid organ contains red pulp and white pulp? A: Lymph node B: Tonsil C: Spleen D: Thymus

C: Spleen

Identify the structure labeled "a." A: Spleen B: Lymphatic vessels C: Tonsils D: Lymph nodes

C: Tonsils

In the tonsils, these structures trap bacteria and other foreign material. A: follicles B: villi C: crypts D: germinal centers

C: crypts

The functions of the lymph vessels and lymph nodes include all of the following except ________. A: protecting the body from foreign substances B: returning tissue fluid to the systemic circulatory system C: removing worn out erythrocytes from the system D: filtering the lymph fluid

C: removing worn out erythrocytes from the system

The property of immunological memory is ________. A: the ability to recognize one's own tissue cells as 'self' B: the inability to recognize one's own tissue as 'self,' resulting in an attack on one's own cells C: the ability to recognize and mount an attack on an antigen that was previously encountered D: the ability to distinguish between closely related antigens

C: the ability to recognize and mount an attack on an antigen that was previously encountered

Which structure is highlighted? A: thyroid gland B: submandibular gland C: thymus gland D: lung

C: thymus gland

Identify the structure labeled "e." A: Thymus B: Tonsils C: Lymph nodes D: Spleen

D: Spleen

Within the spleen where will an old, worn-out red blood cell be phagocytized? A: White pulp B: Splenic cords C: Capsule D: Splenic sinusoids

D: Splenic sinusoids

What causes the flow of lymph to slow within lymph nodes? A: Valves at the exit site regulate lymph flow, allowing only small amounts out at a time. B: Afferent vessels contract, restricting lymph flow. C: Afferent vessels are much larger in diameter than efferent vessels. D: There are more afferent vessels than efferent vessels.

D: There are more afferent vessels than efferent vessels.

The interrelatedness of organ systems is essential for normal physiology. The thymus has multiple functions that demonstrate its connection between the lymphatic system and the endocrine system. Which of the following correctly describes the functional connection? A: Thymic hormones increase the activity of the macrophages. B: Thymic hormones decrease the maturation of T cells. C: Thymic hormones decrease stem cell division, but increase red blood cell function. D: Thymic hormones stimulate stem cell division and T cell maturation (differentiation).

D: Thymic hormones stimulate stem cell division and T cell maturation (differentiation).

The thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct empty into venous circulation at the ________________. A: at the junction of the subclavian and brachiocephalic veins B: at the junction of the lymph collecting vessels C: beginning of the cisterna chyli D: at the junction of the subclavian and internal jugular veins

D: at the junction of the subclavian and internal jugular veins

Which lymph nodes are highlighted? A: aortic B: thoracic C: cervical D: axillary

D: axillary

How is the expression of surface antigens on red blood cells determined? A: random selection B: environment C: previous exposure to an antigen D: genetics

D: genetics

Which nodes are highlighted? A: iliac B: axillary C: mesenteric D: inguinal

D: inguinal

Interstitial fluid that moves into a lymphatic capillary is called _____________________. A: CSF B: synovial fluid C: plasma D: lymph

D: lymph

What is a function of the white pulp of the highlighted organ? A: production of red blood cells B: oxygenation of blood C: removal of fats from the blood D: removal of antibody-coated bacteria from blood

D: removal of antibody-coated bacteria from blood

The ________ pulp is responsible for the immune functions of the spleen. A: red B: cryptic C: splenic D: white

D: white

Identify the lymphatic structures

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Identify the lymphatic structures of the body.

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Identify the microscopic structures of the spleen

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Identify the microscopic structures of the thymus gland

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Identify the structures of the lymph node.

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Label the location of tonsil lymphoid tissues.

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Label the lymphatic structure of the body

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Label the lymphoid organs.

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The serum on the left contains anti-A agglutinins and the serum on the right contains anti-B agglutinins. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

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Antibodies are proteins that have a lock-and-key recognition for their antigen established by the antigen-binding site on the antibody. Match the antibodies in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.

[see image] *For ABO blood, antibodies will be present in the plasma if the cell lacks the corresponding antigen. However, some antibodies, such as acquired antibodies, are only produced if there has been exposure to the corresponding antigen.

Predict what the following blood type test results will look like for a person who has Type B- blood. Drag the correct blood results onto the test card wells. Blood results may be used more than once.

[see image] *Blood typing is vitally important before receiving a blood transfusion because of potentially fatal transfusion reactions and during pregnancy to prevent the possibility of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Transfusion reactions occur between mismatched blood types. Match the recipient ABO and Rh blood groups with their compatible donors.

[see image] *If the recipient and donor blood types are not matched correctly, the recipient's plasma antibodies will react with the donor's blood antigens, causing agglutination and hemolysis of the red blood cells. This is called a transfusion reaction.

Label the red blood cells with the correct antigen(s).

[see image] *The presence or absence of A and/or B surface antigens determines ABO blood type.