AP2 the heart

21) The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium

A) add strength and prevent overexpansion of the heart. B) help distribute the forces of contraction. C) provide elasticity to help return the heart to its normal size. D) provide physical support for cardiac muscle. E) All of the answers are correct.

52) A heart murmur might be caused by

A) aortic valve insufficiency. B) mitral valve insufficiency. C) pulmonic valve insufficiency. D) swirling of blood in the ventricle. E) All of the answers are correct.

6) The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus

A) contain fat. B) contain arteries. C) contain veins. D) are grooves on the surface of the heart. E) All of the answers are correct.

14) The right atrium receives blood from the

A) coronary sinus. B) superior vena cava. C) inferior vena cava. D) systemic circuit. E) All of the answers are correct.

6) Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following?

A) switch to anaerobic metabolism B) release of enzymes into the circulation C) release of troponin T and I into the circulation D) release of CK-MB into the circulation E) All of the answers are correct.

59) What occurs at the area labeled "B" on the graph?

AV valve closes

63) What occurs at the area labeled "C" on the graph?

AV valve closes

56) What occurs at "A" on the graph?

AV valve opens

54) What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph?

AV valve opens and diastolic filling begins

53) During ventricular systole, the

AV valves are closed

49) The first heart sound is heard when the

AV valves close

23) The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

bicuspid

44) During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are

both depolarizing and relaxing

47) ________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate.

bradycardia; tachycardia

33) The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to

calcium channels remaining open

45) Pacemaker cells in the SA node

can spontaneously depolarize

7) Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is not one of them?

cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules

5) The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

cardiac tamponade

11) The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

chordae tendineae

24) The function of an atrium is to

collect blood then pump it to the ventricle

18) As blood leaves the right ventricle it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk

conus arteriosus

29) The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

coronary

0) The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.

coronary arteries

39) The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

depolarization of atria

1) Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________.

efferent; afferent

62) What volume is labeled "F" on the graph?

end diastolic volume

55) What volume is labeled "G" on the graph?

end systolic volume

28) The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

heart

36) If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the

heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize

8) The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

in one direction

32) In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of

increased membrane permeability to sodium ions

50) The first heart sound ("lub")

is associated with closing of the mitral valve

27) The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

10) In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

mediastinum

19) When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then

open

15) In order to perform a CABG, a cardiac surgeon must

open the pericardial sac

58) What occurs at the circled label "5" on the graph?

peak systolic pressure

12) Contractions of the papillary muscles

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria

25) Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it

pumps a greater volume

9) Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

right atrium

30) The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

right coronary artery

43) Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following, except the

stroke volume

57) What volume is labeled "E" on the graph?

stroke volume

51) The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the

systolic ejection phase

35) As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit

tetany

40) If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected?

the rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes

37) If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

the ventricles will beat more slowly

17) Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

tricuspid

2) The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.

100,000

38) The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is

4,3,2,5,1

26) The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins

5,1,3,7,8,2,4,6

3) The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.

8,000

46) Pacemaker cells isolated from the SA node generate action potentials at ________ beats per minute.

80-100

48) Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the EKG's

P wave

41) Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

QRS complex

34) In cardiac muscle

about 20% of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell

13) The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

4) Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space?

apex of the heart

60) What occurs at the circled label "4" on the graph?

isovolumetric ventricular contraction

61) What occurs at the circled label "7" on the graph?

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

22) Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the

left coronary artery

31) The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

left coronary artery

42) The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

ventricular depolarization