apa exam

Example of Parenthetical citation

(Alexander, 2019)

Components of a figure

- number -title -image -legend -note ( 3 types: general, specific, and probability)

What does it mean to paraphrase versus directly quote from a work?

-A paraphrase restates another's idea (or your own idea from a previous work) in your own words. -A direct quotation reproduces words verbatim from another work or your own previous work.

Which heading levels are written in bold? Which heading levels are written in bold italic?

-All heading levels are written in bold (Levels 1, 2, and 4 are only bold). - Levels 3 and 5 are written in bold italic.

What four elements do most references contain?

-Author - date -title -source

How do you format an APA Style reference list? Specify its location in the text, including whether it should begin on a new page, the label it should have, and the line spacing and paragraph indentation to use.

-Begin the reference list after the text on a new page. • Place the section label "References" in bold and centered at the top of the page. -Double-space the entire reference list (both within and between entries). -Apply a hanging indent of 0.5 in. to each reference (the first line of the reference is flush left and subsequent lines are indented 0.5 in.).

Level 1 heading format

-Centered -bold -Title case Heading -text begins as a new paragraph

Comparative essays

-Compare and contrast 2 (or more) items with the goal of linking disparate items under a central thesis. -The paper structure can be organized to focus on topic 1 and then topic 2 or the topics may be Interwoven.

Narrative Essays

-Convey a story from a clear point of view -Include a beginning, middle, and end. - should have a clearly defined purpose and focus and include concise, evocative language.

. Which words do you capitalize when writing the title of a work in a reference list entry?

-First word of the title and any subtitle -Any proper nouns appearing in the title -Any nouns followed by numerals or letters

Level 2 heading format

-Flush left -bold -title case heading -Text begins as a new paragraph

What is the difference between parenthetical in-text citations and narrative in-text citations?

-In parenthetical in-text citations, the author name and publication date (or equivalent information) appear in parentheses. -In narrative in-text citations, the author name and publication date (or equivalent information) are incorporated into the text as part of the sentence.

level 4 heading format

-Indented -bold -title case heading -ending with a period -Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph

Level 5 heading format

-Indented -bold italic -title case heading -ending with a period -Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph

What words or phrases are italicized the first time they appear in the text of an APA Style paper?

-Key words or phrases, often accompanied by a definition -Words or phrases from another language and not in the dictionary for the language in which you are writing

In general, what numbers are expressed in words and what numbers are expressed in numerals in an APA Style paper?

-Numbers 0 through 9 are expressed in words. -Numbers above 10 are expressed in numerals.

What numbers are always expressed in words in the text of an APA Style paper?

-Numbers that begin a sentence, title, or heading -Numbers in common fractions -Numbers in universally accepted usage

What elements are required on an APA Style student title page?

-Paper title -author name -author affiliation -course number and name -instructor name -assignment due date

When citing multiple works by different authors in parentheses, in what order should you place the citations? What punctuation mark should you use between the citations?

-Place the citations in alphabetical order -separate them with semicolons.

What are examples of works for which you would include a bracketed description after the title in the reference? Provide at least three examples.

-Social media posts -Audiobooks - Gray literature (e.g., press releases) -Audiovisual works (e.g., films, TV shows, songs, YouTube videos, lecture slides, photographs) -Software - Mobile apps -Data sets -Manuscripts in preparation -Dissertations and theses

Titles for what kinds of works are italicized in APA Style reference lists?

-Stand-alone works (books, reports, films, songs, webpages, etc.) -Periodical titles (journals, magazines, newspapers, blogs, etc.)

How do you format a block quotation?

-Start the block quotation on a new line. -Do not use quotation marks around it. -Indent the whole block 0.5 in. from the left margin, and indent the first line of any additional paragraphs another 0.5 in. - Place parentheses containing the author, date, and page number or other location information (if citing the work in parentheses) or only the page number or other location information (if citing the author and year in the narrative) after the quotation's final punctuation. - Do not put a period after the closing parenthesis of the citation.

Response or reaction papers

-Summarize one or more works and describe the students' personal reactions or responses to them.

What citation system is used in APA Style?

Author-date citation system

What format should you use for a quotation of 50 words?

Block quotation format

What chapter in the APA Style manuals provides reference examples?

Chapter 10 in the Concise Guide to APA Style and the Publication Manual

Self-plagiarism

Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a new production.

What format do you use for all DOIs in a reference list?

Current preferred DOI format: https://doi.org/xxxxx

What line spacing should you use for all text in an APA Style paper?

Double-spacing

Example of correct direct quotation cited in text

Effective teams can be difficult to describe because "high performance along one domain does not translate to high performance along another" (Ervin et al., 2018, p.470).

A table or figure is NOT an effective choice to present the results of multiple statistical tests or many descriptive statistics.

False

How many heading levels is it possible to use in the text of an APA Style paper?

Five heading levels

What units of time are abbreviated in the text when accompanied by a numeric value? Provide at least three examples.

Hours, minutes, seconds, and any other divisions of the second are abbreviated. Examples: 24 hr, 5 min, 30 s, 15 ms

When a work has three or more authors, what is the correct format to use for the authors' names in the in-text citation?

Include the name of only the first author and write "et al." in place of the other authors' names (unless doing so would create ambiguity).

Why is this example of direct quotations cited in text incorrect? Ex: In 2018, Soto argued that "more similar stimuli, such as those coming from the same modality, produce more configural processing" (Soto, 2018, p. 598).

It is not necessary to repeat the author and year within parenthesis when they already appear in the narrative.

. What dictionaries should you consult to determine the spelling of words in APA Style papers?

Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary (https://www.merriam-webster.com) and APA Dictionary of Psychology (https://dictionary.apa.org)

What information is included in a student author affiliation?

Name of the department or division of the course to which the paper is being submitted and name of the college or university attended

What element is required in the page header of both student and professional APA Style papers?

Page number (aligned to the right margin)

What should you write on the first line on the first page of text in all APA Style papers?

Paper Title

How should you introduce an abbreviation in the narrative text of an APA Style paper? Provide an example.

Present both the full version of the term and the abbreviation. Write the full term first, and then place the abbreviation in parentheses after it. Example: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

What element is required in the page header of all professional papers and only for student papers if requested by an instructor or an institution?

Running head (aligned to the left margin)

Which type of capitalization is used for the titles of works in reference list entries?

Sentence case (meaning most words are lowercase)

Why is this example of direct quotations cited in text incorrect? Ex: "Even smart, educated, emotionally stable adults believe superstitions that they recognize are not rational (Risen, 2016, p.202)," as exemplified by the existence of people who knock on wood for good luck.

The citation should be outside the quotation marks, not within them.

What are the two types of capitalization used in APA Style?

Title case and sentence case

Research with human participants involves additional rights and welfare protections.

True

How many heading levels does a typical APA Style paper contain?

Two or three heading levels

When are abbreviations used for units of measurement (e.g., meter, kilogram) in the text? Provide an example

Units of measurement are abbreviated when accompanied by numeric values. Examples: 8 m, 19 kg

What should you write instead of a date in a reference for a work with no date?

Write "n.d." (which stands for "no date") in parentheses.

What is the Latin abbreviation for "for example" that is used within parentheses?

e.g., (remember to use periods after each letter and a comma after the abbreviation)

What Latin term meaning "and others" is used in both narrative and parenthetical in-text citations?

et al.

Legend

explains any symbols, line styles, or shading or pattern variants used in the image portions of the figure.

Example of level headings

in a paper with level 1 method, results, and discussion headings, the method and results sections may each have two levels of subheading (Levels 2 and 3) and the discussion may only have one level of subheading (level 2)

Is this short quotation correct? Bliese et al. (2017) noted that "mobile devices enabled employees in many jobs to work "anywhere, anytime" and stay electronically tethered to work outside formal working hours" (p. 391).

no, single quotation marks should be used within double quotation marks.

The standards for good figures are

simplicity, clarity, continuity, and information value

What is a level 2 heading?

subsection of level 1

If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, include only the DOI.

true

If there is an empty cell within the table, it should be left blank

true

APA Style is a "down" style, meaning that words are lowercase unless there is specific guidance to capitalize them. What types of words are always capitalized in APA Style? Provide at least three examples.

-The first word in a complete sentence -The first word after a colon in a sentence, if what follows the colon is a complete sentence -Proper nouns and proper adjectives -Names of racial and ethnic groups -Names of specific university departments, academic institutions, and academic courses -Trade names and brand names - Job titles or positions that precede a name -Personal names that appear in the names of diseases, disorders, therapies, treatments, theories, concepts, hypotheses, principles, models, and statistical procedures -Titles of works and headings within works and their subtitles -Titles of tests and measures and their subscales -Nouns followed by numerals or letters that denote a specific place in a series -Names of derived variables within a factor analysis or principal components analysis

What punctuation mark(s) do you use between items in a list of three or more items?

-Use commas, including before the last item, if no items in the list already contain commas. -Use semicolons, including before the last item, if an item in the list already contains a comma.

When do you need to include a bracketed description after the title in a reference?

-When it helps identify works outside the peer-reviewed academic literature (i.e., works other than articles, books, reports, etc.) and thus aids readers in identifying and retrieving the work -In social media references to indicate attached links or images

When citing multiple works by the same author in parentheses, how many times should you write the author's name? In what order should you place the citations? What punctuation mark should you use between the citations?

-Write the author name only once -place the citations in chronological order by the year of publication - separated with commas.

A good figure

-augments rather than duplicated the text -conveys only essential info -omits visually distracting detail -is easy to read -is easy to understand -is carefully planned and prepared -is consistent with and in the same style as others used in the article

Précis

-concise summaries in students' own words of essential points, statements, or facts from a single work -the length is typically about a quarter length of the original work. -structure includes a brief thesis and sections that mirror the sections of the original work such as method, results, and discussion.

Annotated bibliography

-consist of reference list entries followed by short descriptions of the work called annotations

A literature review should

-define and clarify the problem -summarize previous investigations to inform readers of the state of research -identify relations, contradictions, gaps, and inconsistencies in the literature -suggest next steps in solving the problem

The ethical and legal principles that underlie scholarly research and writing

-ensuring the accuracy of scientific findings -protecting the rights and welfare of research participants and subjects -protecting intellectual property rights

Repercussions for students who plagiarize

-failing grade -censorship from a student or university honor board -suspension -expulsion

level 3 heading format

-flush left -bold italic -title case heading -text begins as a new paragraph

Expository Essays

-follow a multi-paragraph structure (ex: five paragraphs) and explain or provide information on a specific topic. -Includes an intro, body, and a conclusion. -Evidence should be provided to reinforce the written claims detailed in the paper

Persuasive essays

-intended to convince readers to adopt a certain view point of take a particular action. -present clear arguments -include logical transitions -includes intro, body, and a conclusion

Italics should used for

-key terms or phrases -titles of books, reports, webpages, and other stand-alone works -titles of periodicals -genera, species, and varieties -letters used a statistical symbols or algebraic variables -some test score and scales -periodical volume numbers in reference lists -anchors of a scale

Principals of designing tables and figures

-label all columns -label all elements in figure images (axels of a graph) -place items that are to be compared next to each other -place labels next to elements they are labeling -in figure images, use sans serif fonts that are large enough to be read without magnification -design the table or figure so it can be understood on its own -tables or figures designated as supplemental materials should also contain enough information to be understood on their own -avoid decorative flourishes (too distracting)

Table components

-number -title -headings -body - notes (3 types: general, specific, and probability)

Cause-and-effect essays

-report how specific events lead to particular results or advocate for a specific position. -A clear and strong thesis provides a solid foundation for this type of essay.

What is the maximum length (number of words) of a short quotation (i.e., a quotation that is placed in double quotation marks within the text of a sentence)?

39 words

Block quotations have a minimum of how many words?

40 words

Short quotations must have fewer than how many words?

40 words

Example of Narrative citation

Alexander (2019)

What paragraph alignment and paragraph indentation should you use for all text in an APA Style paper?

All text is aligned to the left margin, with the first line of every paragraph indented 0.5 in.

Whate does APA stand for?

American Psychological Association