APES 4.1-4.3 and 4.6

The location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

C

At which of the following sites is an earthquake most likely to occur as two plates slide sideways past each other?

C

Which of the lettered choices in the soil profile above represents the region with the greatest concentration of organic material?

A

Most volcanism in the world is associated with

plate boundaries

The intraplate location where hot-spot volcanism is occurring

A

Area that exhibits island arcs

E

Which soil composition would be the best choice for lining a landfill?

Point W

Students want to determine the impact of soil erosion from the development of new housing. They plan to measure the density of a species of algae growing along the bottom of a river that flows through their town. The town is built in a heavily forested area, but a large area of trees along the river was recently clear-cut to allow for the construction of a new housing development, which has caused exposed soil to wash into the river. The river flows north to south through the town and is still forested both up- and downstream of the town. Question Which of the following would be the best control sample for the study?

A sample of water collected just downstream of the northern forest

Area where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

B

At which of the following sites does seafloor spreading result in rifts and possible volcanoes?

B

At which of the following sites would activity result in volcanoes, island arcs, and mountains?

B

Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?

Clay—silt—sand

Based on the data in the table, which of the countries is most likely located at a subduction zone between an oceanic tectonic plate and a continental tectonic plate?

Country D

The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils

Decomposition

The location where one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another, creating a volcanic arc.

E

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains include which of the following?

I, II, and III

Which of the following properties of the soil sample most influences the flow of water through the sample?

Permeability

The water-holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?

Pesticide

Based on the data in the table above, which of the following samples would be the most prone to becoming waterlogged?

Sample D

Of the following, which has the greatest permeability? Responses

Sand

Which soil indicated on the soil triangle above would most likely have the highest water-holding capacity?

Soil A

Which of the following best describes why the engineer chose to calculate the permeability of the soil sample in the experimental design in order to evaluate a natural containment system to protect groundwater?

Soils that have low permeability would best help protect groundwater because the soil traps pollutants so that chemical and biological breakdown can occur.

Which of the following best describes why understanding a watershed and its boundaries is important in designing housing developments along a river?

Surface water and stormwater runoff will drain downstream within the watershed boundaries, so it is important to understand the flow of water through the watershed.

Hoover Dam is the largest dam in the United States, built on the Colorado River to supply hydroelectric power and flood control. Which of the following best describes a downstream environmental effect of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River watershed?

The damming of the Colorado River led to a change in stream flow, preventing river water and sediments from reaching the delta area.

Students want to determine the impact of soil erosion from the development of new housing. They plan to measure the density of a species of algae growing along the bottom of a river that flows through their town. The town is built in a heavily forested area, but a large area of trees along the river was recently clear-cut to allow for the construction of a new housing development, which has caused exposed soil to wash into the river. The river flows north to south through the town and is still forested both up- and downstream of the town. Question Which of the following is the dependent variable in the study?

The density of a species of algae growing along the bottom of the river

Which of the following should be included in a watershed map to best determine the non-point source of a pollutant, such as fertilizer, found in a river?

The land use upstream of the river and water quality indicators in streams that run downstream into the river

Which of the following best describes the independent variable in this research design?

The sample of material chosen as the potential container material is the variable being tested, so it is the independent variable.

Which of the following explains the variable that would be the best for students to measure to determine the direct impact of soil erosion caused by the construction project on the river?

Turbidity, because a decrease in water clarity would indicate an increase in soil erosion.

A student group is involved in a restoration study of a nearby disturbed area. They decide to collect six soil samples and analyze them for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Two of the samples are found to be very high in C and N, but the other four samples are low in both. The students also notice that the color of the two soil samples that are high in C and N is very dark. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of the data?

Two of the samples were collected from an A horizon, and the others were collected from a B horizon.

Of the following, which is the most likely composition of the soil sample?

clay-10,silt-10,sand-80

What are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay for the soil at point T?

sand-60, silt-30, clay-10