APES

Cadmium health effects

carcinogens, lung damage irritates tummy-vomiting, diarrhea longterm=build up in kidneys, kidney disease, lung damage, fragile bones

Mercury found in

chlorine gas, caustic soda, thermometers, dental fillings, switches, light bulbs, batteries, from power plants,

bioaccumulation in animals

eating plants, fish, drinking h2O w/ elevated metal concentrations -not excreted, stay in organs, hair, skin, bones -fish accumulate metals from h2O they live in/ food they eat -bottom feeders ingest sediments w/ metals -metals can be inhaled from burning plants (smudging), from smoking plant material (tobacco), volatilization of contaminants (sweat lodge), ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, daily use of plant materials (ginseng)

Lead found in

everywhere b/c of human burning, mining, manufacturing of lead -found in air, soil, h20 -batteries, ammunition, pipes, x-ray shields, gas, paints, solders, toys, pottery, dust, contaminated soil, drinking water

cadmium

fish, plants, animals bio-accumulate -ex, liver, kidney, meat, mushrooms -primarily concerned w/ roots/contamination of lower plants -certain conditions harmful to humans when plants stressed -rice plants vulnerable

Arsenic is released through

industry practices lead/copper smelting mining coal burning

Chromium health effects

irritate nose lining (ulcers), breathing probs, runny nose, asthma, cough, shortness of breath/wheezing, skin ulcers, swelling of skin long term=damage to liver, kidney, circulatory, nerve tissue, skin irritation

silver found in

jewelry, silverware, electronic equipment, dental fillings, conductor, film, antibacterial

Barium comes from

naturally occurring metal alloys for spark=plug electrobes -barium sulfate for diagnostic med -green color in fireworks -drilling muds, paint, bricks, ceramics, glass, rubber

health effects of mercury

nervous system affected high levels=permanent damage to brain, kidneys, fetuses short term high levels=lung damage, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, high bp, heart rate, skin rash, eye irritation

lead

not usually absorbed or limited to roots -contaminated soil on roots -w/o phosphates, lead from roots to plant tissue

ppm

part per million or 1 milligram/liter

Chromium found in

rocks , animals, plants, soil (l, s, or g) bind to soil, persistent in sediments in h2O -used in alloys, electroplating, magnetic tapes, pigments, cement, paper, rubber, composition floor covering, wood preservatives

Cadmium found in

rocks, soil, coal, mineral fertilizers (very toxic) -batteries, pigments, metal coatings, plastics, electroplating

selenium found in

rocks, soils -electronic industry, nutritional supplement, glass industry, plastics, paints, enamels, inks, rubber, prep of pharmaceuticals, nutritional additive, pesticides, antidandruff shampoo, fungicides, diagnostic med

Arsenic comes from

volcanic activity, erosion of rock, forest fires, human activity

Arsenic is used/found in

wood preserving industries (90%) paints, dyes, metals, drugs, soaps, semiconductors

bioaccumulation in plants

-accumulation of substances or chemicals in organism -hyperaccumulators-small # of plants that easily absorb high levels of metals -metal uptake of plants depends on pH -high acidity, more soluble metals -dangerous if harvested -metal contamination more likely from soil that sticks to plants (hard to wash off, ingested) -root crops, leafy veggies, high risk for exposure to metal contamination -stressed plants=sign (changes in color, growth) -seaweed accumulates metals from sediments

silver health effects

-arygria-blue gray discoloration of skin/body tissue -mild allergic rxn from skin contact

selenium

-bioaccumulates readily -indicators=milkvetch, locoweed, prince's plume -found in kidney, tuna, crab, lobster -look for indicators that thrive off selenium

silver

-can be absorbed at low concentrations, do not usually enter shoots of plants @ levels that are harmful

arsenic bioacc. risk

-generally not absorbed by roots -fish/shellfish accumulate -toxic to plants @ levels not harmful to humans/animals -primarily concerned w/ roots or from soil

chromium

-high potential for uptake by aquatic life (bottom feeders) -primarily concerned w/ roots

Lead health effects

-lower functioning nervous system, carcinogen, weakness in fingers/wrists/ankles, weird bp elevations, anemia -high levels=brain/kidney damage, death, miscarriage, damage to sperm production

mercury

-plants w/ mercury in form not readily bioavailable to animals/humans -accumulates in fish, shellfish, animals eating fish -risk in contaminated soil, older fish=more methylmercury

barium

-rarely accumulated in plants, BUT STILL sometimes accumulates in plants, seaweed, fish -readily accumulated in brazil nuts

selenium health effects

-short term high concentration=nausea, vomiting, diarrhea -selenosis--hair loss, nail brittleness, neuro abnormalities -brief exposure-high levels-bronchitis, respiratory tract irritation, hard breathing, tummy pains, coughing

Barium Health effects

-short term=vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, hard breathing, weird blood pressure, numbness of face, muscle weakness -large amount=high bp, weird heart rhythm, paralysis, death

ppb

1 part per billion=1 microgram/liter

Arsenic Health effects

It is odorless/tasteless inorganic kind=carcinogen (cancer of skin, lungs, liver, bladder) low levels=nausea, vomiting, decreased production of red/white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, "pins and needles" sensation high levels=death long-term=darkened skin, warts on palms, soles, torso