APES Ch. 15 Practice Exam

A municipality considering measures to decrease local air pollution would achieve the largest decrease from A. switching city vehicles to natural gas from gasoline. B. a voluntary recycling program. C. limiting the new businesses start-ups in the area. D. constructing new landfills. E. requiring specific materials be used in the manufacture of new homes.

a

How do CFCs affect ozone production? A. UV radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone. B. Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone. C. UV radiation frees a fluorine atom, which breaks down ozone. D. Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone. E. UV radiation frees a carbon atom, which breaks down ozone.

a

The depletion of ozone over Antarctica is greatest during A. August through November. B. December through February C. February through May. D. June through August. E. December and June.

a

Which agreement allowed for a reduction, and eventual elimination, of CFC production and use? A. The Montreal Protocol B. The Quebec Protocol C. The Kyoto Protocol D. The Clean Skies Initiative E. The Clean Air Act

a

Which are the 6 criteria air pollutants specified under the Clean Air Act? A. Pb, SO2, NOX, CO, PM, and tropospheric O3 B. Tropospheric O3, SO2, NOX, PM, Pb, and CO2 C. SO2, NOX, Hg, Pb, PM, and O3 D. SO4, NOX, CO, PM, Pb, and tropospheric O3 E. SO2, NOX, CO, Hg, PM, and tropospheric O3

a

Which is NOT a characteristic of CO? A. It is a product of respiration. B. It is an odorless, colorless gas. C. It is a product of incomplete combustion. D. It is a common vehicle emission. E. It can be a dangerous indoor pollutant.

a

Which is NOT a specific reason for sick building syndrome as identified by the EPA? A. Copy machines B. Mold and pollen C. VOCs from carpet and furniture D. Faulty ventilation E. CFCs

a

Which is NOT part of the sulfur allowance provision in the Acid Rain Program of the Clean Air Act? A. Additional funding for program cost overruns B. A goal of overall reduction in sulfur emissions in the United States C. Permission for a company to emit an amount of sulfur proportional to the amount it emitted prior to 1990 D. Provision for a company to sell its unused sulfur allowances to other companies E. Fines to companies that emit more sulfur than they are allowed

a

Which of the following ranges describes the pH of acid deposition? A. pH < 5.6 B. 7 > pH > 5.6 C. 7 < pH > 5.6 D. pH < 8.6 E. 7 < pH < 8.6

a

Photochemical smog, which frequently exists in major metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles, consists primarily of A. fog. B. ozone. C. sulfate compounds. D. carbon particulate matter. E. smoke.

b

The class of anthropogenic compounds responsible for the breakdown of stratospheric ozone are known as A. VOCs. B. CFCs. C. VFCs. D. COX. E. FCCs.

b

Which air pollutant is a metal, released primarily from the combustion of coal? A. Lead B. Mercury C. Arsenic D. Sulfur E. Iron

b

Which is a secondary pollutant involved in the formation of photochemical smog? A. Stratospheric O3 B. Tropospheric O3 C. CO D. CO2 E. SO2

b

Which is the correct sequence of the events that lead to acid deposition? A. Dissociation of pollutants, secondary pollutants are formed, combustion releases SO2 and NOX, deposition of ions on vegetation or soil B. Combustion releases SO2 and NOX, secondary pollutants are formed, dissociation of pollutants, deposition of ions on vegetation or soil C. Combustion releases SO2 and NOX, dissociation of pollutants, secondary pollutants are formed, deposition of ions on vegetation or soil D. Combustion releases SO2 and NOX, deposition of ions on vegetation or soil, secondary pollutants are formed, dissociation of pollutants E. Dissociation of pollutants, combustion releases SO2 and NOX, deposition of ions on vegetation or soil, secondary pollutants are formed

b

Which pollutant bonds with hemoglobin and interferes with O2 transport in the blood stream? A. CO2 B. CO C. O3 D. NO E. PM

b

Which was NOT a target of early air pollution legislation in the United States? A. NOX emissions B. CO2 emissions C. Open burning of garbage D. Sulfur content in fuel E. Emissions from industrial smokestacks

b

Catalytic converters in cars have been instrumental in removing which of the following pollutants from vehicle emissions? I. NOX II. CO III. SO4^2- A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. I and III E. I, II, and III

c

Which does NOT describe the production of stratospheric ozone? A. It is a closed loop cycle. B. It is formed from the reaction of O with O2 in the presence of ultraviolet radiation. C. It is formed from the reaction of C with O2 in the presence of NOX. D. Without interference, there is a balance of ozone being created and destroyed. E. Ozone absorbs UV-B and decomposes into O2 and O.

c

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of SO2? A. It is a respiratory irritant. B. It can adversely affect plant tissues. C. Its sources are exclusively anthropogenic. D. It results from the combustion of coal and oil. E. It is a corrosive gas.

c

Ground level ozone is classified as a pollutant because it reduces lung function and A. its concentrations are low but the particle size is high. B. it occurs in the atmosphere only. C. it is entirely anthropogenic in nature. D. it can degrade plant surfaces. E. it is an unstable molecule.

d

The Clean Skies Initiative proposed a SO2 emissions reduction from 11 million tons in 2002 to 4.5 million tons in 2010. What was the proposed annual reduction of emissions, assuming that emissions are reduced at a constant rate? A. 6.5 million tons per year B. 4.5 million tons per year C. 1.2 million tons per year D. 0.8 million tons per year E. 0.3 million tons per year

d

To control tropospheric ozone it helps to limit I. VOC emissions. II. NOX emissions. III. CO emissions. A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II E. I, II, and III

d

Which is NOT a characteristic of NOX? A. It occurs as NO2 and NO gases. B. It occurs as a product of combustion in the atmosphere. C. Fossil fuel combustion is the primary anthropogenic source. D. It contributes to the production of stratospheric ozone. E. It contributes to the production of photochemical smog.

d

Which pollution control measure reduces nitrogen oxide emissions when burning coal? A. Electrostatic precipitators B. Fabric filters C. Scrubbers D. Lowering coal burning temperatures E. Fluidized bed combustion

d

A thermal inversion, which can lead to serious pollution events, occurs when A. warm air rises, taking pollutants with it. B. warm air close to the surface is blanketed by a layer of cool air that traps pollutants. C. cool air rises, taking the pollutants with it. D. cool air stays close to the surface but pollutants rise into the atmosphere. E. cool air close to the surface is blanketed by a layer of warm air that traps pollutants.

e