Biology Test 2

An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ______.

Cannot make by itself

Genes are located on _____.

Chromosomes

What are animals that do not have control of their inner body temperature called?

Ectotherms

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

Interphase

What do homologous chromosomes consist of?

Maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome

What produces 4 daughter cells?

Meiosis

What produces genetically unique daughter cells?

Meiosis

When does crossing over occur?

Meiosis I

Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the _____ portion of cell division.

Metaphase

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ______.

Mitosis

The ______ is involved in seeing, recognizing and identifying the visual world

Occipital lobe

The outcome of meiosis is the... A. protection of cells from cancer. B. regulation of the progression through the cell cycle. C. production of eggs and sperm. D. creation of genetically identical offspring.

Production of eggs and sperm

If mitosis makes somatic cells, what does meiosis make?

Sex cells

What is the central nervous system (CNS) made up of?

The brain and spinal cord

What is cytokinesis? A. The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided B. The stage of the cell cycle that happens before the cell is ready to divide its DNA C. The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell duplicates its DNA D. The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell separates its duplicated DNA

The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

What are hormones? A. They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect all cells similarly. B. They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect targeted cells throughout the body. C. They are chemicals that affect cells right next to where they are produced. D. They are carbohydrates on the surface of red blood cells that affect targeted cells throughout the body.

They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect targeted cells throughout the body

What is a defining characteristic of all arteries?

They only carry blood away from the heart

What is the role of the villi? A. To move food along the digestive tract B. To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract C. To increase surface area and help absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract D. To secrete water into the digestive tract

To increase surface area and help absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments?

To remove dangerous wastes and excess water from the bloodstream

T/F: Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and the stomach

True

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder?

Ureters

The momentary change in an electrical potential of a neuron membrane is called a(n)

action potential

The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins is called the _____.

atria

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage is the...

axial

All of the following contribute to genetic uniqueness EXCEPT A. binary fission B. crossing over C. random fertilization D. independent assortment

binary fission

sex cells (gametes) are A. diploid (n) B. diploid (2n) C. haploid (n) D. haploid (2n)

haploid (n)

Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________.

homeostasis

What specifically separates during meiosis I?

homologous chromosomes

The possible combinations of alleles in gametes _____ due to independent assortment and crossing over.

increases

What leads to an individual having too many or two few chromosomes?

nondisjunction

When mutated, proto-oncogenes become...

oncogenes

During meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced to haploid by separating... A. one of each homologous chromosome pair into two different daughter cells. B. each sister chromatid into two different daughter cells. C. each sister chromatid into four different daughter cells. D. one of each homologous chromosome pair into four different daughter cells.

one of each homologous chromosome pair into 2 different daughter cells

Protein digestion is carried out by an enzyme called _____.

pepsin

The wave-like smooth muscle contractions of the GI tract are called

peristalsis

The ______ gland produces growth hormones, prolactin, leutinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone

pituitary

The main role of the liver is to _____.

produce bile, which helps the process of digestion

The process of cell division is different for prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells because... A. prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule which is not enclosed in a nucleus. B. prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells. C. prokaryotic cells do not undergo cell division D. prokaryotic DNA contains different bases from those in eukaryotic DNA

prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule which is not enclosed in a nucleus

What specifically separates during meiosis II?

sister chromatids

What specifically separates during mitosis?

sister chromatids

What cell type is produced in meiosis?

sperm

How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?

23

If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow managed to fuse together and not lose any of the chromosomes, how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed cell?

3

If a plant has a total of 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each of its gametes?

9

The _____ gland produces thymosins, which contribute to the development of immune response in infants.

????

When does the cell plate form during cell division?

????

Which of the following is a difference between binary fission and mitosis? A. increase in cytoplasmic factors B. breakdown of the nuclear envelope C. replication of the genetic material D. cell growth and expansion

????

How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a down syndrome female? A. 45 B. 46 C. 44 D. 47

?????

The G0 phase of the cell cycle is distinguished by.... A. the failure of cells to divide following telophase. B. the appearance of a metaphase plate. C. an absence of preparation for DNA synthesis. D. a doubling of chromosomes.

An absence of preparation for DNA synthesis

Chromosomes are pulled apart during the _____ portion of cell division.

Anaphase

_______ is produced in the liver and is stored in the gallbladder

Bile