Biology Test 2
An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ______.
Cannot make by itself
Genes are located on _____.
Chromosomes
What are animals that do not have control of their inner body temperature called?
Ectotherms
During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?
Interphase
What do homologous chromosomes consist of?
Maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome
What produces 4 daughter cells?
Meiosis
What produces genetically unique daughter cells?
Meiosis
When does crossing over occur?
Meiosis I
Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the _____ portion of cell division.
Metaphase
Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ______.
Mitosis
The ______ is involved in seeing, recognizing and identifying the visual world
Occipital lobe
The outcome of meiosis is the... A. protection of cells from cancer. B. regulation of the progression through the cell cycle. C. production of eggs and sperm. D. creation of genetically identical offspring.
Production of eggs and sperm
If mitosis makes somatic cells, what does meiosis make?
Sex cells
What is the central nervous system (CNS) made up of?
The brain and spinal cord
What is cytokinesis? A. The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided B. The stage of the cell cycle that happens before the cell is ready to divide its DNA C. The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell duplicates its DNA D. The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell separates its duplicated DNA
The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided
What are hormones? A. They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect all cells similarly. B. They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect targeted cells throughout the body. C. They are chemicals that affect cells right next to where they are produced. D. They are carbohydrates on the surface of red blood cells that affect targeted cells throughout the body.
They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect targeted cells throughout the body
What is a defining characteristic of all arteries?
They only carry blood away from the heart
What is the role of the villi? A. To move food along the digestive tract B. To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract C. To increase surface area and help absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract D. To secrete water into the digestive tract
To increase surface area and help absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract
What is the purpose of dialysis treatments?
To remove dangerous wastes and excess water from the bloodstream
T/F: Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and the stomach
True
What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder?
Ureters
The momentary change in an electrical potential of a neuron membrane is called a(n)
action potential
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins is called the _____.
atria
The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage is the...
axial
All of the following contribute to genetic uniqueness EXCEPT A. binary fission B. crossing over C. random fertilization D. independent assortment
binary fission
sex cells (gametes) are A. diploid (n) B. diploid (2n) C. haploid (n) D. haploid (2n)
haploid (n)
Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________.
homeostasis
What specifically separates during meiosis I?
homologous chromosomes
The possible combinations of alleles in gametes _____ due to independent assortment and crossing over.
increases
What leads to an individual having too many or two few chromosomes?
nondisjunction
When mutated, proto-oncogenes become...
oncogenes
During meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced to haploid by separating... A. one of each homologous chromosome pair into two different daughter cells. B. each sister chromatid into two different daughter cells. C. each sister chromatid into four different daughter cells. D. one of each homologous chromosome pair into four different daughter cells.
one of each homologous chromosome pair into 2 different daughter cells
Protein digestion is carried out by an enzyme called _____.
pepsin
The wave-like smooth muscle contractions of the GI tract are called
peristalsis
The ______ gland produces growth hormones, prolactin, leutinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone
pituitary
The main role of the liver is to _____.
produce bile, which helps the process of digestion
The process of cell division is different for prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells because... A. prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule which is not enclosed in a nucleus. B. prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells. C. prokaryotic cells do not undergo cell division D. prokaryotic DNA contains different bases from those in eukaryotic DNA
prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule which is not enclosed in a nucleus
What specifically separates during meiosis II?
sister chromatids
What specifically separates during mitosis?
sister chromatids
What cell type is produced in meiosis?
sperm
How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?
23
If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow managed to fuse together and not lose any of the chromosomes, how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed cell?
3
If a plant has a total of 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each of its gametes?
9
The _____ gland produces thymosins, which contribute to the development of immune response in infants.
????
When does the cell plate form during cell division?
????
Which of the following is a difference between binary fission and mitosis? A. increase in cytoplasmic factors B. breakdown of the nuclear envelope C. replication of the genetic material D. cell growth and expansion
????
How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a down syndrome female? A. 45 B. 46 C. 44 D. 47
?????
The G0 phase of the cell cycle is distinguished by.... A. the failure of cells to divide following telophase. B. the appearance of a metaphase plate. C. an absence of preparation for DNA synthesis. D. a doubling of chromosomes.
An absence of preparation for DNA synthesis
Chromosomes are pulled apart during the _____ portion of cell division.
Anaphase
_______ is produced in the liver and is stored in the gallbladder
Bile