APES CH. 17 Study Guide

What's an example of an ACUTE vs. CHRONIC disease?

Acute diseases rapidly impair the functioning of a person's body (Ebola). Chronic diseases slowly impair the functioning of a person's body (Heart disease).

What are some ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES for disease?

Although diseases can have genetic causes, environmental scientists are generally interested in diseases that have environmental causes, especially those caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses.

How fast can EMERGENT INFECTIOUS DISEASES spread to any place on Earth?

Emergent Infectious Diseases can spread to any place on Earth within 24 hours.

3. Tuberculosis ___________.

Has been almost entirely eliminated in the world.

Differentiate the leading factors to CHRONIC DISEASES in developed vs. developing countries.

In low-income countries, the top risk factors leading to chronic disease are associated with poverty and include underweight children, unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and malnutrition. Risk factors for chronic disease in high-income countries include increased availability of tobacco, and a combination of less active lifestyles, poor nutrition, and overeating that leads to high blood pressure and obesity.

2. A disease that rapidly impairs a body's function is _________.

Infectious

Differentiate INFECTIOUS vs. NONINFECTIOUS diseases.

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by infectious agents, known as pathogens. Noninfectious diseases are not caused by pathogens; these include cardiovascular diseases, respiratory and digestive diseases, and most cancers.

4. Prions are pathogens that are responsible for _______.

Mad cow disease.

What's the specific cause of Malaria?

Malaria is caused by any species of Plasmodium. The malaria parasite is spread through mosquitoes.

Differentiate PHYSICAL vs. BIOLOGICAL vs. CHEMICAL risks. Give an example of each.

Physical risks include environmental factors, such as natural disasters, that can cause injury and loss of life. Biological risks, which cause the most human deaths, are those risks associated with disease. Chemical risks are associated with exposure to chemicals ranging from those that occur naturally, such as arsenic, to those that are manufactured, such as synthetic chemicals and pesticides.

In combating diseases, how do SPECIFIC GOALS differ in developing vs. developed countries?

The classification of countries is based on the economic status such as GDP, GNP, per capita income, industrialization, the standard of living, etc. Developed Countries refers to the soverign state, whose economy has highly progressed and possesses great technological infrastructure, as compared to other nations.

5. Which is not a step to be taken in the future for combating diseases?

The use of many different antiseptic cleaners.

What's included in a RAPID RESPONSE PLAN when a particular disease appears?

These include the rapid worldwide notification of newly identified diseases and strategies to isolate infected people, which will slow the spread of the disease and provide time for researchers to develop appropriate tactics to combat the threat.

What is the major problem with ANTISEPTIC CLEANERS and ANTIBACTERIAL soaps?

These products typically kill a large proportion of harmful pathogens, but not all of them. As a result of our efforts to wipe out pathogens, we are inadvertently selecting for pathogens that possess a stronger resistance to our efforts.

1. An infectious disease is always _________.

caused by a pathogen