APES Chapter 7/18: Land Resources

Cities make up what percentage of the worlds total land area

3%

What is the current percentage of land used by humans for agriculture?

38%

Conservation Easement:

A legal agreement that protects privately owned forest or other property from development for a specified number of years

Which U.S. government agency manages the federally owned land?

Bureau of Land Management U.S. Fish and Wildlife National Park Service U.S. Forest Service

Which of the following national parks preserves the largest remaining intact Difficultwood bottomland forest in the U.S.?

Congaree

What two new U.S. national parks were founded in 2003 and 2004?

Congaree and sand dunes

Which of the following federal agencies is not charged with the managing of federally owned lands?

Department of Commerce

Monoculture:

Ecological simplification in which only one type of plant is cultivated over a large area, more prone to damage from insects and disease-causing microorganisms, managed for timber production

Which of the following includes a provision to protect and restore freshwater wetlands?

Food Security Act

Which organization is a provision of the 1990 Farm Bill which helps landowners protect environmentally important forestlands from development?

Forest Legacy Program

Which of the following is not one of the top 5 countries with the greatest tree harvests?

Germany

According to recent climate projections, how is Amazonia likely to be affected by deforestation?

I. rainfall will decrease III. drought frequency could increase forest loss

The policy of no net loss of wetlands in the U.S. is only partially successful because:

I. wetland dynamics are not totally understood; reconstructed wetlands do not always provide the essential elements necessary to attract the species of the original habitat III. there is no routine tracking of compliance to document success

Which of the following statements regarding clear-cutting is false?

It is more expensive than other forms of logging

Which of the following statements about Tongass National Forest is false?

Tongass is a prime logging area because it was clear-cut in the early 1900s and has now fully re-grown.

Which of the following is a true statement?

Very few species have been evaluated for their economic (i.e., medical, agricultural, industrial) potential.

Provide a solid definition of wetlands and explain why the definition of a wetland is controversial. How does narrowing the definition of wetland pose a threat to wetlands?

Wetlands are lands transitional between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that are usually covered by swallow water for at least part of the year.

Boreal forests:

all of these

Why are tropical rain forests considered so important to global ecology?

all of these

Conservation strategies that set aside ecosystems for preservation:

are the best way to preserve an area's diversity

Which of the following statements about forest ownership in the United States is true?

Private individuals own the majority of the forests.

Which of the following is NOT a way to slow deforestation

Promote additional slash-and-burn agricultural practices.

Which of the following statements is not true about public planning of land use?

Public planning is concerned primarily with immediate effects.

Which of the following statements about rangelands is true?

Rangelands have native grasses with fibrous root systems that can survive extended periods of drought

Which of the following is not a threat to national parks?

ecosystem services

Tropical dry forests are being destroyed largely due to demand for:

fuel

The Wilderness Act of 1964:

gives designated wilderness areas the highest protection of any public lands

Which of the following is not a commercial product of freshwater wetlands?

grapes

The countries of Indonesia and the Philippines have which of the following in common?

high rates of deforestation

According to the Defenders of Wildlife, the top three most endangered ecosystems in the U.S:

include the South Florida landscape, Southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest, and longleaf pine forests and savannas.

Forest management for timber production:

includes the harvesting of trees

Subsistence agriculture:

is where a family produces just enough food to feed itself

The natural or human-induced process that decreases the future ability of the land to support crops or livestock is known as

land degradation

Which of the following is not an ecosystem service performed by rural lands?

leaching of mineral nutrients

Forests:

maintain watersheds

Deforestation is linked to all of the following except:

decreased surface water flow into streams and rivers

Forests play an important role in the hydrologic cycle by:

recycling 75% of precipitation to the atmosphere by transpiration and evaporation

All of the following are benefits of coastal wetlands except:

reduced impact of ozone depletion

The removal of all mature trees in an area over an extended period of time is known as:

shelterwood cutting

The controversy involving the decline of white pine trees (source of a major part of the grizzly bears' diet) is based on:

the provision of the Wilderness Act that intentional ecological management will be avoided

Most of the federally owned land in the United States is located in:

Alaska and 11 western states

Which of the following statements is true?

Temperate forests in the eastern United States are holding steady or even expanding.

Which of the following statements regarding trees and climate change is true?

The process of photosynthesis removes greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

The National Wildlife Refuge System was established by which President of the United States?

Theodore Roosevelt

Which of the following is a direct cause of deforestation?

both insects and diseases

Public rangelands in the United States:

can be used for grazing private livestock for a fee if you have a permit

Approximately 55 percent of the land in the United States is owned by:

citizens, corporations, and non-profit organizations

Timber companies prefer to harvest trees by:

clearcutting

What prompted the 88th Congress to implement the Wilderness Act of 1964?

concern that human population expansion could drastically reduce the amount of land remaining in pristine condition

National parks may include:

none of these

Which of the following is not a method currently used to harvest trees?

none of these

Which organization(s) helped preserve Congaree National Park over the years?

none of these

Habitat corridors are intended to provide:

opportunities for larger animals to establish larger territories

What is the relationship of overgrazing to desertification?

overgrazing results in barren exposed soil; if erosion continues, it contributes to desertification

The purpose of the National Wildlife Refuge System is to:

preserve lands and waters for the conservation of wildlife