APES Final

The two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are

Photosynthesis and respiration

zero population growth is associated with

Phases I and IV

A sample of radioactive waste has a half-life of 10 years and an activity level of 2 curies. After how many years will the activity level of this sample be 0.25 curie?

30 years

Living organisms must acquire energy from their environment. Examples of adaptations that help organism acquire this energy include which of the following?

1 and 2 only

Countries undergoing rapid population growth include which of the following?

1 only

Approximately what percent of the population in country 2 is under age 15?

25%

According to the graph, the increase in CO2 concentration, in parts per million, between 1970 and 1990 is closest to

30 ppm

Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?

A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticides

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 required all agencies responsible for a major federal project that could significantly affect the quality of the environment to file which of the following?

An environmental impact statement

The source whose us is a direct cause of deforestation

Biomass

Exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another

Commensalism

Exemplified by moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest

Commensalism

Exemplified by starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites

Competition

The primary cause of Earth's seasons is the

Constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun

In a human population undergoing the demographic transition, which of the following generally decreases first?

Death Rate

The diagram above illustrates how the number of individuals in a population changed with time as a result of external stresses and resource limitations. Which lettered portion of the curve most likely corresponds to the carrying capacity of the ecosystem?

E

The graph above shows how seed production in plant species varied with population density in an unfragmented habitat and in a fragmented habitat. Which of the following conclusion is best supported by the data?

Habitat fragmentation has more effect on seed production than does population density

Which of the following is most likely a significant cause of the general trend indicated by the graph?

Increase in consumption of fossil fuel

Which of the following is most likely the primary cause of high death rates in phase 1?

Infant and Childhood mortality

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of the greenhouse effect in Earth's atmosphere?

Infrared radiation from the deep space is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere

In the removal of a pollutant from wastewater, which of the following is true of the cost per unit of pollutant removed?

It increases as the concentration of the pollutant decreases

Construction, logging, and mining are banned in which of the following federal lands?

National Wilderness preservation areas

The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is

Nitrogen

The major reservoirs of nitrogen and sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identified by which of the following?

Nitrogen=Atmosphere Sulfur=Rocks

The source that produces long-lived hazardous wastes

Nuclear Fission

All of the following gases have been implicated in contributing to the increase in global temperatures via the greenhouse effect EXCEPT

Oxygen

Exemplified by ticks feeding on a deer

Parasitism

In general, which of the following is the best long-term method of preventing extinctions?

Protecting the habitats of endangered species

Which of the following correctly order the methods of solid-waste management in terms of energy required?

Reduce Reuse Recycle

Which of the following actions would be the most effective in decreasing acid rain and acid deposition problems?

Reducing use of fossil fuels

Which of the following most directly explains the periodic fluctuations of the curve?

Seasonal variation in photosynthetic activity

The source that is converted directly into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells

Sunlight

The rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point?

The beginning of phase 3

El Nino, a periodic warming of ocean surface waters, occurs in which of the following regions?

Tropical East Pacific

Ozone in the stratosphere is important to organism at Earth's surface because ozone molecules are very strong absorbers of

Ultraviolet Rays

Which of the following metals is considered an energy resource?

Uranium

Although ozone in the stratosphere has been decreasing in recent years, ozone near Earth's surface is on the increase. This ozone near the surface is undesirable because it

is a strong oxidant and a respiratory irritant

The source that is not renewable

nuclear fission

There are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. These stages in order, are

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

In models of global warming, the most important factor contributing to an increase in sea level is

thermal expansion of the oceans

Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of the

tragedy of the commons