APES test #2

how have plants adapted to fire: give two examples

Some plants have fire induced sprouts which are protected and lie dormant underground. Some have fire activated seeds which have tough outer coating and require fire to germinate. Short leaf pine,Eucalyptus

Based on the graph above, which of the following years postdisturbance had the greatest species richness?

100

Based on the graph above, which of the following years postdisturbance did sweetgum experience the greatest biomass?

50

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem that provides ecosystem services including protection from hurricane storm surges?

An intact coastal wetland

zone of intolerance

the area outside the geogrpahic grange where a popualtion is absent

The ability to smell is critical for salmon. They depend on scent to avoid predators, sniff out prey, and find their way home at the end of their lives .... Research from the University of Washington and NOAA

Acidic water affects the salmon's ability to sense danger from attacking predators by their sense of smell.

anaerobic

using no oxygen

aerobic

using oxygen

Researchers in the Galápagos Islands measured the average beak size in a

Finches with larger beaks were more likely to survive in 1980 because they were able to feed primarily on seeds and nuts during the drought.

how do you determine range tolerance

You determine range of tolerance by finding the maximum and minimum with respect to each evniornemgnal factor scuh as water light and temp

define ecosystem diveristy

variety of habitats that exist within a given region

invasive species

zebra mussel

hybrid

the offspring of two diff species

predation

the preying of one animal on others.

germination

the sprouting of a seed

what does species richness and relative abundance reveal

they reveal the biodvieristy of species diveristy in an ecosytem. it shows the number of speces in an ecosystem as well as how manyy indivials of these species exist in the ecosystem.

indicator species

tiger salamander

specialsit species

giant panda

lichen

a symbiotic relatiionship of fungus and an algea

keystone species

american alligator

what is the range of tolerance

it is the condtion in which an organsims can survive. many different physical abiotic factors impact where species live. Inclduing, temperture, humityd, soil chemsitry PH, salinity and ocygen.

generalist species

norway rat

keystone species

often a dominant predator whose removal allows a prey population to explode and often decreases overall diversity. Ex: sea otter

pioneer community

organimss that occupy an area undgoing primary scucesion inthe beginning stages.

what biomes need fire for plant germination

prairie, savanna, chaparral and coniferous forests

what type of succesion is illustrated abvove. How can you tell

primary succesion becuase it is bare rock that is starting over compellety.

species diveristy

the number of species i a region or habitat, community, or ecosystem

comeptvive exlcusion principle

species with the same niche in the same are cannot coexist

specialist vs generalist

A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources. EXAMPLE RACOON. A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet. EXAMPLE KOALA

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?

An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland

Dead gharials began washing up on the banks of India's Chambal River in December 2007..... Which of the following best identifies the author's claim?

Anthropogenic disruptions to Earth's resources can have sudden and severe negative consequences to the health of native species, specifically those whose populations are already threatened.

An island off the coast of Africa contains a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. Which of the following describes the most immediate effect if an invasive generalist species is introduced to the island?

As competition for resources increases, the population size of the island's specialist species will decrease.

Which of the following best describes the trends in atmospheric CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature over the past 800,000 years?

Atmospheric CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature are directly correlated over the past 800,000 years.

In the 1970s, the amount of industrial pollution decreased and the trees began to return to their preindustrial appearance. Which of the following graphs best demonstrates the change in the frequencies of light-colored moths and dark-colored moths in the population from 1950 to 2000? The dark-colored moths are represented with a solid line and the light-colored moths are represented with a dashed line.

C

Based on the information above, which ecosystem most likely experienced a recent population bottleneck?

Ecosystem A, because its low genetic diversity could have resulted from an event that reduced the variation in the gene pool.

A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversity for the four ecosystems as shown in the table below. Based on the information above, which ecosystem would most likely recover the fastest from a natural disruption?

Ecosystem B

Based on the information above, which of the following best describes Ecosystem C?

Its low habitat diversity indicates that Ecosystem C most likely has a low number of specialist species and few species that utilize large territories.

In a rapidly changing climate, the decline of animal populations is a very real concern. An international team of researchers reported new evidence of reef fish adjusting to global warming conditions at the genetic level. [R]esearchers . . . Which of the following best identifies the author's claim?

Observed adjustments in the ecological tolerance of a species of reef fish is a result of epigenetic changes.

Which of the following ecosystem services are categorized as regulating?

Pollination, decomposition, and water purification

Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?

The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification

Which of the following best describes the pattern in the atmospheric CO2 concentration data over the past 200,000 years?

The concentration of CO2 fluctuated between 150ppm and 250ppm until recently, when the concentration rose exponentially.

The image shows two different islands and the relative distance to the nearest mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following best predicts the effect of the introduction of an invasive species on Easter Island compared to Madagascar?

The native species on Madagascar are more likely to survive because the island is larger and provides a greater diversity of habitats and resources.

Researchers examined the effect of industrialization and increased pollution (soot) in London on the coloration in a single species of moths. Birds prey on the moths that are easily visible on trees. The researchers observed moths on tree trunks and recorded their body color. The percentage of moths with light colored bodies and the percentage of moths with dark bodies is shown on the graph above. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following best describes the change in the population of moths as a result of industrialization?

The percentage of dark colored moths increased in the population and the percentage of light-colored moths decreased in the population.

Which of the following best describes the change in Antarctic temperature from about 440,000 years ago to about 340,000 years ago?

The temperature increases by about 12°C and then decreases by about 12°⁢C.

Based on the graph above, which of the following tree species would be the predominant species found during the intermediate stage of succession?

Tulip poplar

is a generalist or specialist more liley to survive in a changing environemnt.

a generalist because it is more likely to sruvive in a changing evnrionement becuase they are able to live in many different places and are more adatped to chagne

mimicry

the close external resemblance of an animal or plant (or part of one) to another animal, plant, or inanimate object.

climax community

the final stage of succesion, remaing relativley unchaged until destoryed by an event scuh as fire or human interference.

what are examples of naturla disruptions to the eniornemnt

fire, flood, disease, volcanic acitivity

endemic species

galapagos tortise

species richness

he number of different species present in an ecosystem,

genetic diveristy

he variety of genes that the variety of species on earth contains

how does the picture relate to genetic and spceis diveristy

it demonstrated that a specilaites has the abitiy to not survive new obstacles while a genralsit can survive

how to calcuate species richness

it is calcuated on a count of the number of species in a particlukar sample

how is relative abudance clacated

it is calcuatedby diving the nymber of indivals per species speceis from one group by the total number of sepceis from all group

relative abundance

it is how common or rare a species is rleative to toher species in a given location or community.

compare and contrast primary to secondary succesion: give examples of each

primary occurs when new land is formed o bare rock is exposed. providing a habitat that can be colongized. An example: after erutipion of volcane. Seconary succesion is. a prvious uccopied area that is recolonized following aidsutrbace that kills much or alll of its communites Example after forest fire

compare resistnace to resillience in terms of ecosystems

resistance is the ability for an ecossytem to remain unchanged when being subjected to disturbance. Resilliance is the ability and rate of an eco system to recover froma disturbance and retain its pre distbred state

zone fo physiologcial stress

the area in populations geogprahic range where numbers of population are rare due to phsycail and biolgocial limiting factors

zone of omtimum

the area where the population is an ideal condtions allowing organsim to thrive