APES Test Review

Water from which of the following locations on the map would best serve as a control group for the study? A

A

Which of the following best describes the action of an endocrine disruptor?

An endocrine disruptor blocks the receptor protein binding site of a hormone so that the cell cannot receive a signal.

The LD50LD50 for arsenic in humans is 13mg/kg Which of the following approaches should be used to calculate the number of grams of arsenic it would take to reach the LD50 in a 140-pound person? [Note: 1kg=2.2pounds1k]

B (starts with 140 lbs)

A pesticide was applied to a population of roaches, and it was determined that the LD50LD50 was 55mgkg. If the average mass of a roach was 0.02kg0.02kg, which of the following approaches will determine the dose in mg per roach?

C (ends with .02 kg)

Which of the following environmental problems is most directly linked to ocean warming?

Coral Bleaching

Which of the following best describes an advantage of constructing habitat corridors?

Corridors connect habitats separated by fragmentation and connect wildlife populations.

Which of the following best describes why DDT is classified as a persistent organic pollutant?

DDT is very stable, and as much as 50% of the original concentration can remain in the soil 15 years after the initial application.

Based on the diagram, which of the following is an expected consequence of runoff and sewage in an aquatic environment?

Decreased oxygen production by seaweed on the seafloor from an increase in turbidity

Which of the following components, which are not shown on the diagram, are part of the tertiary treatment of wastewater?

Disinfectants

Researchers suspect that sewage leaked into the Moose River. Rates for which of the following diseases should be used to determine whether the human population using the river as a source of drinking water was exposed to sewage?

Dysentry

Which of the following best describes how an anthropogenic activity can increase ocean acidification?

Emissions from power plants that burn fossil fuels increase atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is absorbed by the ocean.

Which of the following water quality tests would best indicate if sewage from the wastewater treatment plant has contaminated the Moose River?

Fecal coliform measured at site B

Which of the following examples includes both a point and a nonpoint source of pollution?

Fertilizer from suburban lawns and wastewater from a water treatment plant

Which of the following best describes the advantage of using hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) or hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in industrial processes?

HFCs and HCFCs have lower ozone-depleting potentials than CFCs do.

Endocrine disruptors directly affect which of the following in an organism?

Hormones

Which of the following events would most likely lead to a decrease in the pHpH in the oceans?

Increased burning of fossil fuels in power plants

Which of the following best describes the primary cause of global ocean warming?

Increased global temperature from an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

The data in the graph reflect threats identified in species recovery plans. Based on the data in the graph, altering human activity in which of the following areas will most benefit plant species?

Introduction of invasive species

Significant increases in water temperature can drastically change dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in a lake. Why does the combined effect of these two environmental changes result in algal blooms?

Low dissolved oxygen leads to death for aerobic organisms, like fish, whose decomposition provides an overabundance of nutrients for the algae, resulting in the large blooms.

What will happen to methane levels in the atmosphere at 60°N60°N to 75°N75°N latitude from 2018 to 2027 if the trend from 2011 to 2017 continues?

Methane levels in the atmosphere will increase because melting or thawing permafrost will lead to an increase in the amount of organic matter that will decompose.

Local legislation was passed to protect animal species prone to extinction. The legislation included criminalizing poaching, setting limits on number of fish people can catch, and protecting habitats. Which of the following threats shown in the graph will most likely decrease the most as a result of the legislation?

Overharvesting

Which of the following best describes the importance of ozone in the stratosphere to life on Earth?

Ozone absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.

A scientist is studying PCBs in tertiary consumers. She wants to determine if PCBs can be found in tertiary consumers even though these compounds were banned in the United States in the 1970s. Which of the following best identifies a testable hypothesis for the study?

PCBs are persistent organic compounds that are fat-soluble, so they should be found in the fatty tissues of tertiary consumers even though the compounds have been banned for decades.

Which of the following best describes a way that persistent organic pollutants (POPsPOPs) cause harm in the environment?

Persistent organic pollutants are soluble in fat, so they accumulate in an organisms' fatty tissues.

Which of the following practices would best help to protect against inland and coastal flooding in urban areas?

Preserving wetland and coastal mangrove habitats

Which of the following factors would most likely contribute to the conditions observed in the Long Island Sound?

Restricted circulation

Based on the diagram, which of the following is the most likely reason that a community with good sanitation could still have individuals who contract cholera?

Runoff from a nearby agricultural field pollutes a reservoir used for drinking water.

Based on the data above, which of the following hypotheses about the future conditions in the Arctic is most plausible if the trend seen from 2011 to 2017 continues?

The albedo will decrease

Based on the diagram above, which of the following best describes why a population in an area that has poor sanitation can be particularly at risk for a cholera outbreak?

The bacterium that causes cholera is spread through ingestion of contaminated water or food.

Which of the following best describes how ocean acidification affects coral formation?

The increase in hydrogen ions dissolved in the ocean water sequesters available carbonate ions, preventing the use of calcium carbonate for coral skeleton formation.

Some drinking water standards allow bacteria in water at dosages up to the 10% probability of illness. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the graph?

The newly discovered bacterium would have the lowest allowable dosage to meet the drinking water standards.

Based on the diagram, which of the following best predicts how an increase in greenhouse gases would affect the ocean?

The oceans would be warmed because of increased solar radiation being absorbed by the water, causing expansion and sea level rise.

Which of the following best describes why water vapor, a greenhouse gas, is not considered a significant contributor to global climate change?

Water vapor has a relatively short residence time in the atmosphere.

Stratospheric ozone (O3) is essential for life to exist on Earth because it

absorbs incoming solar UV-CUV-C radiation, preventing exposure to dangerous radiation from the Sun

Coral bleaching can be hazardous to some fish species because

coral reefs provide unique habitats for fish