APES Unit 1 Test

Approximately how many times acidic, in terms of hydrogen ion concentration, is precipitation in the northeastern United States as compared to precipitation in the South Pacific? NE US 4.4 SP 5.4

10

A solution of pH 5 has _____ times more hydrogen ions than that of pure water.

100

Plutonium-239 has a half-life of approximately 25,000 years. The isotope is considered stable once 6.25% of the radioactive material remains. How long would it take for the isotope to reach this safe level?

125,000 years

The Half-Life of a radioactive substance with the decay rate shown in the graph above is closest to

7 seconds

Which of the following represents a positive feedback loop in the Arctic that is associated with anthropogenic change?

Arctic Ocean ice melts, ocean surface water temperature increases, and more ice melts

What is likely the result of increasing amounts of fertilizers in the major rivers emptying into oceans?

Eutrophication followed by hypoxia

What are the possible consequences of habitat fragmentation? I. Reduction in habitat availability II. Decline in species diversity and the genetic pool III. Physical isolation of species, which can lead to local extinction IV. Increase in native species populations

I, II, III

An experiment was carried out to determine the lethal dose of the fertilizer ammonium sulfate on mung bean germination. True statements about the experimental design include which of the following? I. The control group has neither the seeds nor the ammonium sulfate II. The independent variable is the concentration of the ammonium sulfate. III. The dependent variable is the effect of the fertilizer on the seeds (i.e. the number of seeds that failed to germinate)

II. and III. only

__________________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.

Producers

A leaf falls from a tree and lands on the ground. Through time, bugs and bacteria consume the leaf. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is true?

The organic materials in the leaf have been recycled and released back into the soil

Which of the following is the best example of the tragedy of the commons?

The over harvesting of fish from lakes

A(n) _______________ is an example of an ecosystem with high primary productivity, while a ____________ is an example of an ecosystem with low primary productivity.

algal bed; desert

Ecosystems that convert solar energy to biomass rapidly ____________

are said to have primary productivity

Eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of ____________

asphyxiation from lack of oxygen

To determine your specific impacts on the environment, you can _______________.

calculate your ecological footprint

An element associated with all organic compounds is__________________.

carbon

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to a net increase in atmospheric carbon?

carbon previously sequestered underground is added to the atmosphere and biosphere

Water vapor returning to a liquid state is called____________________

condensation

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are responsible for_________________

converting nitrogen gas into ammonia

Which best describes how energy and nutrients work in an ecosystem?

energy flows through an ecosystem; nutrients cycle

Which of the statements below is the best description of energy?

energy is the ability to do work

For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture________________

glucose

Which of the following reactions represents cellular respiration?

glucose+oxygen--> carbon dioxide+water+ATP (energy)

The energy source for chemosynthesis in the deep sea vent community is _____________________

hydrogen sulfide

The largest percentage of fresh water today is located in __________________

ice sheets and glaciers

Clearing of land for agriculture or cities does all of the following EXCEPT_____________________

improve infiltration of water into the soil

Rock that has undergone heat or pressure that causes it to change form is called _____________.

metamorphic

When scientists determined that Earth was round rather than flat, this was a ________________________

paradigm shift

Which of the Following elements is most likely to limit primary production in freshwater lakes?

phosphorus

In the carbon cycle, carbon moves from the atmosphere into the living portion of the cycle through_______________

photosynthesis

Which of the following sequences is arranged in proper order from the smallest units to the largest units?

proton, element, molecule, organism

Which of the following is NOT a possible way that phosphorus cycles through the environment?

respiration

Which of the following is an example of a carbon sink?

sedimentary rock

Negative feedback processes tend to function within ecosystems to__________________

stabilize the ecosystem

Net primary production in an ecosystem can be calculated by ____________________

subtracting respiration from gross primary production

The sum total of the planet's living organisms and abiotic systems is ________.

the biosphere

A landscape ecologist would be most likely to study ___________________

the movement of nutrients from alpine grassland on a mountain through the temperate deciduous forest at the lower elevations into the tropical rain forest at the base.

The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a(n)_______________________

transform plate boundary

If a significant amount of extrusive igneous rock is found in an area, one would expect also to find ___________________ in the area.

volcanoes

__________________ is an example of a resource provided by our ecosystems, while ____________ is (are) an example of a service provided by our ecosystems.

water; water cycling