APES Unit 1 Test
Approximately how many times acidic, in terms of hydrogen ion concentration, is precipitation in the northeastern United States as compared to precipitation in the South Pacific? NE US 4.4 SP 5.4
10
A solution of pH 5 has _____ times more hydrogen ions than that of pure water.
100
Plutonium-239 has a half-life of approximately 25,000 years. The isotope is considered stable once 6.25% of the radioactive material remains. How long would it take for the isotope to reach this safe level?
125,000 years
The Half-Life of a radioactive substance with the decay rate shown in the graph above is closest to
7 seconds
Which of the following represents a positive feedback loop in the Arctic that is associated with anthropogenic change?
Arctic Ocean ice melts, ocean surface water temperature increases, and more ice melts
What is likely the result of increasing amounts of fertilizers in the major rivers emptying into oceans?
Eutrophication followed by hypoxia
What are the possible consequences of habitat fragmentation? I. Reduction in habitat availability II. Decline in species diversity and the genetic pool III. Physical isolation of species, which can lead to local extinction IV. Increase in native species populations
I, II, III
An experiment was carried out to determine the lethal dose of the fertilizer ammonium sulfate on mung bean germination. True statements about the experimental design include which of the following? I. The control group has neither the seeds nor the ammonium sulfate II. The independent variable is the concentration of the ammonium sulfate. III. The dependent variable is the effect of the fertilizer on the seeds (i.e. the number of seeds that failed to germinate)
II. and III. only
__________________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.
Producers
A leaf falls from a tree and lands on the ground. Through time, bugs and bacteria consume the leaf. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is true?
The organic materials in the leaf have been recycled and released back into the soil
Which of the following is the best example of the tragedy of the commons?
The over harvesting of fish from lakes
A(n) _______________ is an example of an ecosystem with high primary productivity, while a ____________ is an example of an ecosystem with low primary productivity.
algal bed; desert
Ecosystems that convert solar energy to biomass rapidly ____________
are said to have primary productivity
Eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of ____________
asphyxiation from lack of oxygen
To determine your specific impacts on the environment, you can _______________.
calculate your ecological footprint
An element associated with all organic compounds is__________________.
carbon
How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to a net increase in atmospheric carbon?
carbon previously sequestered underground is added to the atmosphere and biosphere
Water vapor returning to a liquid state is called____________________
condensation
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are responsible for_________________
converting nitrogen gas into ammonia
Which best describes how energy and nutrients work in an ecosystem?
energy flows through an ecosystem; nutrients cycle
Which of the statements below is the best description of energy?
energy is the ability to do work
For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture________________
glucose
Which of the following reactions represents cellular respiration?
glucose+oxygen--> carbon dioxide+water+ATP (energy)
The energy source for chemosynthesis in the deep sea vent community is _____________________
hydrogen sulfide
The largest percentage of fresh water today is located in __________________
ice sheets and glaciers
Clearing of land for agriculture or cities does all of the following EXCEPT_____________________
improve infiltration of water into the soil
Rock that has undergone heat or pressure that causes it to change form is called _____________.
metamorphic
When scientists determined that Earth was round rather than flat, this was a ________________________
paradigm shift
Which of the Following elements is most likely to limit primary production in freshwater lakes?
phosphorus
In the carbon cycle, carbon moves from the atmosphere into the living portion of the cycle through_______________
photosynthesis
Which of the following sequences is arranged in proper order from the smallest units to the largest units?
proton, element, molecule, organism
Which of the following is NOT a possible way that phosphorus cycles through the environment?
respiration
Which of the following is an example of a carbon sink?
sedimentary rock
Negative feedback processes tend to function within ecosystems to__________________
stabilize the ecosystem
Net primary production in an ecosystem can be calculated by ____________________
subtracting respiration from gross primary production
The sum total of the planet's living organisms and abiotic systems is ________.
the biosphere
A landscape ecologist would be most likely to study ___________________
the movement of nutrients from alpine grassland on a mountain through the temperate deciduous forest at the lower elevations into the tropical rain forest at the base.
The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a(n)_______________________
transform plate boundary
If a significant amount of extrusive igneous rock is found in an area, one would expect also to find ___________________ in the area.
volcanoes
__________________ is an example of a resource provided by our ecosystems, while ____________ is (are) an example of a service provided by our ecosystems.
water; water cycling
