APES Unit 6 Study Quizlet

It is estimated that initially the Deepwater Horizon oil platform accident released 53,000 barrels of oil per day. If one barrel contains 42 gallons, how many gallons per day were released?

2 million

What method would be best suited for neutralizing the acidic components of waste?

Chemical treatment

Decreased by the breakdown of organic waste

Dissolved oxygen

Which form of waterway pollution creates conditions in which productivity is decreased and gills of bottom dwelling organisms are clogged?

Erosion and sedimentation

Of the following, which is the best example of a point source of water pollution?

Factory effluent

Of the following, which constitutes the greatest percent of domestic use of water in the United States?

Flushing toilets

List the following steps of Water purification in the correct order Step P: Water is passed through a screen to remove debris. Step Q: Pathogenic organisms are killed by chlorination, UV, or ozone. Step R: Suspended particles clump and settle out. Step S: A flocking agent, such as alum, is added to the water.

P, S, R, Q

What method is used most frequently in the United States?

Sanitary landfill

Bacteria are beneficial in wastewater treatment processes because

They naturally breakdown organic matter

Which toxic substance can be found in the water of buildings with old plumbing systems?

lead

Explain why there are greater health risks associated with eating large predatory fish, such as tuna and sea bass, than from eating small nonpredatory fish.

mercury is stored in fat/muscle and cannot be removed easily by body enzymes and usually transfers to higher trophic levels

Explain the meaning of the term LD50 (ED50). What is the LD50 concentration of CuSO4 for brine shrimp?

LD50 is the amount or dose of a chemical (toxic substance) that kills half the test population (testorganisms/specimens).

You are asked to test the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of a stream in your town. After observing the BOD over a week, you calculate that the water has a BOD of 150 mg of oxygen, which is a relatively high level. This leads you to conclude that

the water is likely contaminated with high levels of pollution or waste.

put the events leading to cultural eutrophication in correct order,w- leaching of nutrients from fertilized agricultural landsx- fish die-offy- algal bloom

w,y,x

Mandates the restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters

Clean Water Act

The Federal Water Pollution control Act of 1948 was the precursor legislation to the

Clean Water Act

Identify one way large pieces of plastic are removed from wastewater during primary treatment.

Filters

What happens to sludge from a sewage treatment plant? I. It can be deposited in a landfill. II. It can be incinerated. III. It can be used as a fertilizer.

I, II, & III

human wastewater entering into bodies of water can be dangerous b/c I. it causes a drop in biological oxygen demand II. it can lead to cultural eutrophication III. wastewater can carry pathogens

II and III

What method reduces the volume of waste but could release toxic emissions into the atmosphere?

Incineration

Which is NOT an unintended effect of synthetic pesticide use?

Nearby streams may become more acidic.

Waste from which of the following is an example of nonpoint source pollution?

Runoff from agricultural fields

Which is an example of a nonpoint source of water pollution?

Runoff from sprayed agricultural fields

Which one requires minimum safety standards for community water supplies.

Safe Drinking Water Act

What is the first step of treating wastewater at a municipal sewage treatment plant?

Solid waste material settles out.

Which U.S. legislation empowers the EPA to establish maximum contaminant levels in drinking water?

The Safe Drinking Water Act

Explain the meaning of the term "threshold level of toxicity". What is the threshold level of toxicity of CuSO4 for brine shrimp? Label this point on the graph.

The dose (level) below which no toxic (lethal) effects are observed and/or above which the toxic (lethal) effectsare apparent.

Consider a liter of healthy water with a BOD measurement of 20 mg and a liter of more polluted water with a BOD measurement of 120 mg. Which statement is an accurate comparison?

The polluted water consumed 6 times as much oxygen as the healthy water.

A nearby stream has a striking orange color due to iron precipitation. This is generally caused by

acid mine drainage.

It can be interpreted from the graph that the greatest environmental threat due to acid deposition most likely occurred

in the 1980s

The release of a large amount of sewage and other organic waste into a river would likely result in sharp

increase in the biological oxygen demand

Mercury is especially dangerous to the general public due to

its accumulation as it moves up the aquatic food chain

Which is most likely to create eutrophic areas?

nitrates and phosphates

Environmental advantages of septic tanks include all of the following except

no byproducts of water treatment remain

What is the difference between a point source and a non-point source of water pollution?

point sources can be targeted for reduction

BOD measurement of a liter of healthy water was found to be 20 mg. the BOD measurement of liter of more polluted water was 120 mg. which of the following statements is correct

polluted water consumed 6 times as much oxygen as the healthy water

the most prevalent way 2 treat human waste in rural areas where a large amount of land is available is

septic systems