APHY 102 Blood

What is the universal donor?

O

What blood cell is biconcave and has no nucleus?

RBC

What type of cell count is 4-6 million/microliter?

RBC

What type of cell count is 5000-10000/uL?

WBC

What cells are considered "true" cells because they have a nucleus?

WBC's

What is the clumping of blood cells when a mismatched blood is transfused?

agglutination

What is the most abundant plasma protein (60%), functions in osmotic balance (prevents blood from leaking through tissues)

albumin

What is the LEAST abundant WBC (1%), dark purple/black granules that overshadow S shape of nucleus, granules contain Heparin and Histamine-->inflammatory response

basophil

What are bloods regulation functions?

body temp, maintain homeostasis

What is bloods protective functions?

clot formation (fibrinogen), production of antibodies, phagocytes help destroy foreign bacteria

What is the conversion of liquid blood to fibrin threads? Normally occurs when blood is exposed (as in bleeding)

coagulation

What is dark red and oxygen-poor?

deoxyhemoglobin

What is the escape of WBC's from blood vessels into tissue spaces?

diapedesis

What is 2-4% of WBC population, 2 lobed nucleus, many large red granules, controls inflammation/allergic reactions, # increases during parasite infections

eosinophil

What is the severe anemia that results from mother to baby Rh incompatibility? (if not given RHOgam)

erythroblastosis fetalis

What is the production of RBC's called?

erythropoiesis

What are factors affecting RBC production?

erythropoietin (hormone released by kidneys that stimulates bone marrow), high altitude, chronic lung disease, hemorrhage

Who has average blood volume of 4-5 L?

females

Who has average hemoglobin 12-16 g per 100 mL of blood?

females

_____ hemoglobin has more O2 carrying capacity than _____ hemoglobin

fetal, adult

What is the life span of WBC's?

few hours to few days

What is about 4% of plasma, is the clotting protein, changes liquid to solid in air, hemophiliacs lack this

fibrinogen

What is about 36% of plasma, functions in antibody production

globulin

Blood typing is based on the presence or absence of?

glyco-protein antigens on plasma membrane of RBC's

What is the percentage of packed volume of blood cells? (formed elements)

hematocrit

What does each polypeptide chain in hemoglobin have?

heme group with iron attached

What is the molecule that helps RBC's bind to O2 and then CO2, and gives blood red color?

hemoglobin

What is the production of WBC's called?

leucopoiesis

What is an agranulocyte, SMALLEST WBC and 25-35% of WBC population, clear cytoplasm, nucleus takes up almost all cell space, some become T (fight viral infections) or B (produce antibodies)

lymphocyte

What destroys old RBC's?

macrophages in liver and spleen

Who has average blood volume 5-6 L?

males

Who has average hemoglobin 13-18 g per 100 mL of blood?

males

What is the ancestral cell to platelets?

megakaryocyte

What is the LARGEST WBC (21um2) , 3-8% of all WBC's, kidney bean shaped nucleus, agranulocyte, become macrophages in body tissues (TB, AIDS)

monocyte

What is the most numerous WBC (50-70%) has 3-5 lobed nucleus, tiny granules in cytoplasm, control/engulf bacteria, their # increases rapidly during bacterial infection (pneumonia, meningitis)

neutrophil

What makes up the remaining 2% in plasma? (glucose, amino acids..)

nutrients, gases (dissolved o2/co2), metabolic wastes

What is bright red when fully oxygenated?

oxyhemoglobin

What makes up 8% of plasma?

plasma proteins

What are cell fragments of megakaryocytic breakdown?

platelets

What are essential in the clotting process?

platelets

What has a count of 250,000 to 500,000 per cubic mm?

platelets

Where are all blood cells made?

red bone marrow

What does Rh- mean?

there is no Rh marker on RBC's

What is the production of platelets called?

thrombopoiesis

What is the main function of RBC?

transport 02/co2 to and from tissues/lungs

What are the main functions of blood?

transport o2 and co2 and digested food to all body tissues, carry waste away, carry hormones,

What are the dietary factors affecting RBC production?

vitamins B12, Iron, Folic Acid, Copper, C

What makes up 90% of plasma?

water

What is each hemoglobin made up of?

4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta)

What is blood's pH?

7.35-7.45

What is the universal recipient?

AB

How to remember the 5 kinds of WBC's?

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

What is the life span of RBC's?

100-120 days