APHY 102 Blood
What is the universal donor?
O
What blood cell is biconcave and has no nucleus?
RBC
What type of cell count is 4-6 million/microliter?
RBC
What type of cell count is 5000-10000/uL?
WBC
What cells are considered "true" cells because they have a nucleus?
WBC's
What is the clumping of blood cells when a mismatched blood is transfused?
agglutination
What is the most abundant plasma protein (60%), functions in osmotic balance (prevents blood from leaking through tissues)
albumin
What is the LEAST abundant WBC (1%), dark purple/black granules that overshadow S shape of nucleus, granules contain Heparin and Histamine-->inflammatory response
basophil
What are bloods regulation functions?
body temp, maintain homeostasis
What is bloods protective functions?
clot formation (fibrinogen), production of antibodies, phagocytes help destroy foreign bacteria
What is the conversion of liquid blood to fibrin threads? Normally occurs when blood is exposed (as in bleeding)
coagulation
What is dark red and oxygen-poor?
deoxyhemoglobin
What is the escape of WBC's from blood vessels into tissue spaces?
diapedesis
What is 2-4% of WBC population, 2 lobed nucleus, many large red granules, controls inflammation/allergic reactions, # increases during parasite infections
eosinophil
What is the severe anemia that results from mother to baby Rh incompatibility? (if not given RHOgam)
erythroblastosis fetalis
What is the production of RBC's called?
erythropoiesis
What are factors affecting RBC production?
erythropoietin (hormone released by kidneys that stimulates bone marrow), high altitude, chronic lung disease, hemorrhage
Who has average blood volume of 4-5 L?
females
Who has average hemoglobin 12-16 g per 100 mL of blood?
females
_____ hemoglobin has more O2 carrying capacity than _____ hemoglobin
fetal, adult
What is the life span of WBC's?
few hours to few days
What is about 4% of plasma, is the clotting protein, changes liquid to solid in air, hemophiliacs lack this
fibrinogen
What is about 36% of plasma, functions in antibody production
globulin
Blood typing is based on the presence or absence of?
glyco-protein antigens on plasma membrane of RBC's
What is the percentage of packed volume of blood cells? (formed elements)
hematocrit
What does each polypeptide chain in hemoglobin have?
heme group with iron attached
What is the molecule that helps RBC's bind to O2 and then CO2, and gives blood red color?
hemoglobin
What is the production of WBC's called?
leucopoiesis
What is an agranulocyte, SMALLEST WBC and 25-35% of WBC population, clear cytoplasm, nucleus takes up almost all cell space, some become T (fight viral infections) or B (produce antibodies)
lymphocyte
What destroys old RBC's?
macrophages in liver and spleen
Who has average blood volume 5-6 L?
males
Who has average hemoglobin 13-18 g per 100 mL of blood?
males
What is the ancestral cell to platelets?
megakaryocyte
What is the LARGEST WBC (21um2) , 3-8% of all WBC's, kidney bean shaped nucleus, agranulocyte, become macrophages in body tissues (TB, AIDS)
monocyte
What is the most numerous WBC (50-70%) has 3-5 lobed nucleus, tiny granules in cytoplasm, control/engulf bacteria, their # increases rapidly during bacterial infection (pneumonia, meningitis)
neutrophil
What makes up the remaining 2% in plasma? (glucose, amino acids..)
nutrients, gases (dissolved o2/co2), metabolic wastes
What is bright red when fully oxygenated?
oxyhemoglobin
What makes up 8% of plasma?
plasma proteins
What are cell fragments of megakaryocytic breakdown?
platelets
What are essential in the clotting process?
platelets
What has a count of 250,000 to 500,000 per cubic mm?
platelets
Where are all blood cells made?
red bone marrow
What does Rh- mean?
there is no Rh marker on RBC's
What is the production of platelets called?
thrombopoiesis
What is the main function of RBC?
transport 02/co2 to and from tissues/lungs
What are the main functions of blood?
transport o2 and co2 and digested food to all body tissues, carry waste away, carry hormones,
What are the dietary factors affecting RBC production?
vitamins B12, Iron, Folic Acid, Copper, C
What makes up 90% of plasma?
water
What is each hemoglobin made up of?
4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta)
What is blood's pH?
7.35-7.45
What is the universal recipient?
AB
How to remember the 5 kinds of WBC's?
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
What is the life span of RBC's?
100-120 days
