APUSH: Chapter 10 a

Since President Madison believed that a constitutional amendment was necessary for the government to build roads and canals, the Twelfth Amendment was passed by Congress and ratified in 1816.

False

Since the Bank of the United States handled the Panic of 1819 so efficiently, public support for the banking system increased dramatically.

False

Whigs believed that the federal government was responsible for promoting the welfare of the people and securing liberty.

True

What triggered the Panic of 1837? a. Martin Van Buren's victory in the election of 1836. b. The removal of Native Americans from the Southeast. c. The Seminole War. d. Jackson's war on the national bank. e. The protective tariff.

d. Jackson's war on the national bank.

By the early nineteenth century, the term "citizen" had become synonymous with the right to vote.

True

By 1840, approximately _________ percent of adult white men were eligible to vote a. 40 b. 65 c. 75 d. 90

d. 90

Which of the following did not happen during the election of 1828?

Andrew Jackson challenged Henry Clay to a duel for having engineered his defeat in the "corruption bargain" of 1824.

Anti-Masonic Party

1826 & no secrecy

Whigs

1830s: the second American Party system developed between the Whigs and the Democrats. Key beliefs: same as National Republicans, supported Clay's national bank and American System, public education, high tariffs, social reform, internal improvements

Green Party

2001 & grass roots & nonviolent & ecological wisdom & social justice, A minor party dedicated to the environment, social justice, nonviolence, and the foreign policy of nonintervention. Ralph Nader ran as the Green party's nominee in 2000.

Liberty Party

A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848

Andrew Jackson's inauguration was:

A large, rowdy event.

Libertarian Party

A minor party that believes in extremely limited government. They call for a free market system, expanded individual liberties such as drug legalization, and a foreign policy of nonintervention, free trade, and open immigration.

Dixiecrat Party

Also known as the States Rights Party, a group of Deep South delegates who walked out of the 1948 Democratic National Convention in protest of the party's support for civil rights legislation.

The key insight of Alexis de Tocqueville, "Tocqueville on Democracy" was that:

American democracy really represented an important cultural shift.

John C. Calhoun's "corrupt bargain" gave John Quincy Adams the White House in 1824.

False

Union Party

Coalition party of pro-war Democrats and Republicans formed during the 1864 election to defeat anti-war Northern Democrats

The Monroe doctrine:

Declared the Americas off-limits for further European colonization.

Democratic-Republicans

Developed from anti-federalists and led by Jefferson and Madison. Key beliefs: strict interpretation of the constitution, in favor of Bill of Rights, weak central government, pro-French, weak army and navy, agriculture over industry, against tariffs and banks

The Dorr War:

Divided road Islanders over the issue of expanding voting rights for White men.

Socialist Party

Eugene V. Debs & more government involvement & take care of the little people

Andrew Jackson was born into a wealthy and prominent family, but was able to portray himself to the American people as a common man.

False

Andrew Jackson's policies resulted in a higher national debt.

False

Andrew Jackson's vision of democracy excluded blacks, but included Indians.

False

By 1828, Andrew Jackson had established the political apparatus of the Democratic Party.

False

Daniel Webster insisted that the national government had been created by an agreement between sovereign states, each of which retained the right to prevent the enforcement within its borders of acts of Congress that exceeded the powers specifically spelled out in the document.

False

The Missouri Compromise debate illustrated that northern Republicans did not want slavery to expand for primarily moral reasons.

False

The Monroe Doctrine was a forceful statement that declared that westward expansion for the United States could not be prevented on any account since its destiny was divinely appointed.

False

Democratic Party

Formed by Jackson and gained popularity by appealing to the masses anti privilege/social distinction anti national bank & economic regulation anti federal funding for internal improvements anti protective tariffs pro expansion pro universal male suffrage for whites divided on terms of slavery to barnburners (against slavery) and fire-eaters (pro slavery)

Populist Party "People's Party"

Founded in 1892 advocated variety of reform issues, including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal savings, regulation of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators William Jennings Bryan

As president, John Quincy Adams proposed comprehensive plan for an activist date, which called for all of the following except:

Free homesteads for settlers on Western public lands.

Deforce act of 1833:

Gave the president authority to use military personnel to collect tariffs.

"Hardmoney" in the 1830s referred to:

Gold and silver, also called "Specie."

Progressive Party

Government protect the little people, vs. corrupt government and businesses "Bull Moose Party" formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912. After Taft won the Republican Party's nomination, Roosevelt ran on the Progressive party ticket.

National Republican

Grew in 1820s and 30s under supervision of Henry Clay (national bank). Key beliefs: big business, federalist philosophies of large central government

How does the bank were demonstrate that Andrew Jackson enhance the power of the presidency?

He identified himself as the symbolic representative of all the people with his veto message that appealed directly to the public.

What was President Martin Van Buren's new solution to the problem of what to do about the federal government's relationship to banking?

He propose that federal funds be controlled by the government officials rather than bankers.

Who wrote exposition and protest in emerged by the early 1830s as the most prominent spokesman for the right of notification?

John C. Calhoun

Democrats in the 1830s generally believed that:

New corporate Interprises were suspicious.

Many of the members of Jacksons kitchen cabinet, as his group of close advisers were known, were:

Newspaper editors.

Anti-Federalists

Party formed as a result of Federalists. Key beliefs: against Constitution, minimal central government, state's rights, cynical of wealth and power

Federalists

Party formed in 1786 led by Hamilton and Adams. Key beliefs = strong central government, aristocracy of talent and property rights, commercial industry

Both Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams suggested that the Missouri controversy of 1820 to 1821:

Revealed a sectional divide that potentially threatened the union.

Which is not true about the Whigs?

Strongest support came from the lower Northwest in the southern back country.

A primary reason that both women and blacks were largely excluded from the expansion of democracy was:

That both groups were viewed as being naturally incapable and thus unfit for suffrage.

Andrew Jackson was the only candidate in the 1824 election to have national appeal.

True

Under the Missouri compromise of 1820:

The remaining Louisiana purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones

In the presidential election of 1840:

The weeks employed political tactics pioneered by Democrats.

The term "era of good feelings" refers to the period of American history when:

There seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration.

James Monroe's two terms as president were characterized by the absence of two-party competition.

True

Martin Van Buren believed that party politics was an important component in ensuring liberty for the American people.

True

Steam powere helped the proliferation of the penny press.

True

Supporters of nullification cried that the federal government was overstepping its rights and infringing on states' rights.

True

The French writer Alexis de Tocqueville identified democracy as an essential attribute of American freedom.

True

The Kitchen Cabinet was an informal group of advisors who helped to write speeches for Andrew Jackson.

True

The election of 1828 witnessed a campaign that compared John Q. Adams's education to Andrew Jackson's military career.

True

The party battles of the Jacksonian era reflected the clash between public and private definitions of American freedom and their relationship to government power.

True

By the 1830s, the term "citizen" in America had become synonymous with the right to:

Vote.

The nullification crisis ended:

With a compromise tariff.

In the presidential election of 1824, who received the most votes but failed to win a majority of either the popular or electoral votes (requiring the House of Representatives to select a president)? a. Andrea Jackson b. Henry Clay c. John Quincy Adams d. James Monroe

a. Andrea Jackson

How are Andrew Jackson and George Washington most similar? a. Both were popular army generals, which helped them get elected to the presidency. b. Both had similar policies in regard to Native Americans. c. Jackson did not like to use the veto power as much as Washington did. d. Washington favored states' rights more than Jackson. e. Both had a strong mistrust of banks.

a. Both were popular army generals, which helped them get elected to the presidency.

Who argued in a famous debate with South Carolina's Robert Hayne that the people, not the states, created the Constitution? a. Daniel Webster. b. Henry Clay. c. Martin Van Buren. d. John Quincy Adams. e. John C. Calhoun.

a. Daniel Webster.

Who wrote Exposition and Protest and emerged by the early 1830s as the most prominent spokesman for the right of nullification? a. John C. Calhoun. b. John Quincy Adams. c. Daniel Webster. d. Andrew Jackson. e. Henry Clay.

a. John C. Calhoun.

Whigs wanted the government involved in the following activity: a. Regulating corporations. b. Promoting a rigid class society. c. Banning prostitution. d. Restricting promotion of alcohol production. e. Subsidizing land for poor farmers.

a. Regulating corporations.

The Second Bank of the United States was created... a. by Congress in 1816, with the support of President Madison b. to counterbalance the power of the First Bank of the United States c. by President Monroe's executive order in 1820 d. by Congress in 1832, with the support of President Jackson

a. by Congress in 1816, with the support of President Madison

In the wake of the War of 1812, younger Republicans like Henry Clay and John Calhoun... a. continued to support agrarianism, but believed that the nation's economic independence required a manufacturing sector b. demanded that the United States scale back its international involvement and depend exclusively on agriculture for its prosperity c. believed in the need for national economic development, but thought that the federal government should stay out of it and let the states do it d. threw their support to Andrew Jackson because they realized that their plans were too grandiose to win popular support without a hero as their standard-bearer

a. continued to support agrarianism, but believed that the nation's economic independence required a manufacturing sector

Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820... a. the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones b. Congress banned slavery in any new territory that might ever be added to the United States c. Missouri agreed to gradual emancipation of slavery in exchange for admission to the Union d. slave states gained a two-seat advantage in the U.S. Senate

a. the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones

How does the Bank War demonstrate that Andrew Jackson enhanced the power of the presidency? a. He became the first president ever to veto a bill passed by Congress. b. He identified himself as the symbolic representative of all the people with his veto message that appealed directly to the public. c. Because Jackson forced the Bank to issue more paper money to end a depression, Americans increasingly looked to the White House for economic leadership. d. Because Jackson's actions led to an economic decline, he did not enhance the power of the presidency. e. By removing federal funds from the Bank even after Congress overrode his veto, he showed strong leadership.

b. He identified himself as the symbolic representative of all the people with his veto message that appealed directly to the public.

Why was a second Missouri Compromise necessary? a. Maine's state constitution allowed slavery to continue until 1840 b. Missouri's state constitution barred free blacks from entering the state c. Henry Clay refused to vote for the first Missouri Compromise d. Texas wished to enter the Union as a slave state at the same time

b. Missouri's state constitution barred free blacks from entering the state

In the wake of the War of 1812, younger Republicans like Henry Clay and John Calhoun: a. threw their support to Andrew Jackson because they realized that their plans were too grandiose to win popular support without a hero as their standard-bearer. b. continued to support agrarianism but believed that the nation's economic independence required a manufacturing sector. c. decided that Jeffersonianism was hopelessly out of date when President James Madison opposed their efforts, and they decided to form their own political party. d. believed in the need for national economic development but thought that the federal government should stay out of it and let the states do it. e. demanded that the United States scale back its international involvement and depend exclusively on agriculture for its prosperity.

b. continued to support agrarianism but believed that the nation's economic independence required a manufacturing sector.

The nullification crisis: a. attracted support from Whigs like Daniel Webster, who saw it as an opportunity to embarrass and annoy Jackson. b. involved the fears of some slaveholders that the federal government might take action against slavery. c. was based on southern concerns that tariffs were preventing the South from industrializing as fast as the North. d. brought Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun closer together politically. e. largely concerned the opposition of southwestern planters to federally financed internal improvements.

b. involved the fears of some slaveholders that the federal government might take action against slavery.

The primary reason that both women and blacks were largely excluded from the expansion of democracy was... a. that they were not citizens, so they could not vote b. that both groups were viewed as being naturally incapable and thus unfit for suffrage c. that members of neither group had asked to be included in politics d. that both groups were largely illiterate, and literacy was a necessary skill for political participation

b. that both groups were viewed as being naturally incapable and thus unfit for suffrage

In its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that... a. the Indians were not allowed to se the federal government b. the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional c. the American System was unconstitutional d. states could nullify federal laws with congressional permission

b. the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional

The term "Era of Good Feelings" refers to the period of American history when... a. the Federalist Party was at its strongest b. there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration c. Americans united across party lines to declare war on Great Britain in the War of 1812 d. slavery was gradually abolished in all the states

b. there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration

The key insight of Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America" was that... a. the most important thing about American democracy was that the majority of men could vote b. America democracy was really a sham c. American democracy really represented an important cultural shift d. American democracy could not exist without strong presidential leadership

c. American democracy really represented an important cultural shift

Which of the following statements about Martin Van Buren is true? a. He emphasized sectionalism over party loyalty. b. By 1832, he had established the political machinery of the Whig Party. c. He wanted to see competition between political parties. d. In the 1820s, he wanted politicians to focus more on ending slavery. e. Based on his strong intellectualism, he promoted the idea of a national university.

c. He wanted to see competition between political parties

What significant issue did the Missouri Compromise aim to resolve? a. Giving land to Native Americans. b. Slaves being treated as property. c. The extension of slavery. d. The abolition of slavery. e. The protective tariff.

c. The extension of slavery.

Jackson adhered to what philosophy during the nullification crisis? a. Protective tariffs were not necessary. b. States should have the final say. c. The national government was supreme. d. The Supreme Court knew best about the Native Americans. e. Slavery was morally wrong.

c. The national government was supreme.

Andrew Jackson's inauguration was... a. small and dignified b. much like the previous presidential inaugurations c. a large, rowdy event d. a disastrous affair, since Jackson's opponents protested outside of the White House

c. a large, rowdy event

In response to the demand for internal improvements, President James Madison... a. spoke out vigorously against what Henry Clay called the "American system" b. approved a law that created the interstate highway system that we have today c. called for a constitutional amendment to empower the federal government to build roads and canals d. created a government-funded steamboat company that revolutionized river transportation

c. called for a constitutional amendment to empower the federal government to build roads and canals/ VETOED THE BILL BECAUSE HE FEARED THE RIGHT TO INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY

The Monroe Doctrine... a. was the idea that all white men should have voting rights b. secured Florida from Spain c. declared the Americas off-limits for further European colonization d. stated that the United States would be neutral in all international conflicts

c. declared the Americas off-limits for further European colonization

In the first half of the nineteenth century, paper money... a. could be issued only by the Second Bank of the United States b. was illegal c. promised to pay the bearer on demand a specific amount of gold or silver d. never exceeded the amount of money that the bank printing it held in its vault

c. promised to pay the bearer on demand a specific amount of gold or silver

The Panic of 1819... a. led to impossibly high prices for western land b. enhanced trust in banks because they did such a good job of weathering the economic storm c. prompted some states to suspend debt collections, which helped debtors but hurt creditors d. inspired John Marshall's decision against the banking power in Gibbons v. Ogden

c. prompted some states to suspend debt collections, which helped debtors but hurt creditors

The nullification crisis ended: a. with the Supreme Court's opinion in Hamilton v. Jackson. b. with Daniel Webster's powerful pro-nullification speech to the Senate. c. with a compromise tariff. d. with North Carolina's threat to secede in 1832. e. in the so-called Dorr War.

c. with a compromise tariff.

Why was a second Missouri Compromise necessary? Selected Answer: a. Maine's state constitution allowed slavery to continue until 1840. b. Missouri's state constitution prohibited wage labor. c. Henry Clay refused to vote for the first Missouri Compromise. d. Missouri's state constitution barred free blacks from entering the state. e. Texas wished to enter the Union as a slave state at the same time.

d. Missouri's state constitution barred free blacks from entering the state.

In regard to foreign policy, what did John Quincy Adams envision for the United States? a. The United States would need to go to war to gain Canada. b. With Mexico, the United States should not be interested in gaining territory this far South. c. The United States should focus only on gaining Caribbean islands. d. The United States would eventually control all of North America. e. The United States would return land to Indian tribes west of the Mississippi River.

d. The United States would eventually control all of North America.

By 1860, free black men could vote on the same basis as whites only in... a. Virginia and Maryland b. New York and Pennsylvania c. The Upper Northeast (Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota) d. five New England state

d. five New England state

The independence movements in Latin America between 1810 and 1822... a. led Spain to crack down and succeed in consolidating its power in the Americas b. gained very little sympathy in the United States because of atrocities committed by revolutionaries c. created seventeen different nations, each headed by a person of Indian ancestry d. paralleled in some ways the independence movement that created the United States

d. paralleled in some ways the independence movement that created the United States

Both Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams suggested that the Missouri controversy of 1820-1821... a. demonstrated the wisdom of the founding fathers in adopting the three-fifths clause b. should have been solved by the adoption of the Tallmadge Amendment c. was not as dangerous as President Monroe made it out to be d. revealed a sectional divide that potentially threatened the Union

d. revealed a sectional divide that potentially threatened the Union

A primary reason that both women and blacks were largely excluded from the expansion of democracy was: a. that both groups were largely illiterate, and literacy was a necessary skill for political participation. b. that they were not citizens, so they could not vote. c. the argument that, since they did not have the vote in England, they ought not to have the vote in America. d. that both groups were viewed as being naturally incapable and thus unfit for suffrage. e. that members of neither group had asked to be included in politics.

d. that both groups were viewed as being naturally incapable and thus unfit for suffrage.

Women writers benefited from... a. men accepting the idea that they had the right to express their political views, just not vote for them b. the increasing popularity of fiction about women workers, based on the Lowell girls c. the Lydia Maria Child Publishing House, which emphasized women's literature d. the growth of the reading public, part of the democratization of American life

d. the growth of the reading public, part of the democratization of American life

Both Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams suggested that the Missouri controversy of 1820-1821: a. should have been solved by adoption of the Tallmadge Amendment. b. was not as dangerous as President Monroe made it out to be. c. resulted from overly ambitious proslavery politicians seeking to score political points. d. demonstrated the wisdom of the founding fathers in adopting the three-fifths clause. e. revealed a sectional divide that potentially threatened the Union.

e. revealed a sectional divide that potentially threatened the Union.

John Tyler's presidency proved very popular with Whigs. (T/F)

false

Since President Madison believed that a constitutional amendment was necessary for the government to build roads and canals, the Twelfth Amendment was passed by Congress and ratified in 1816 (T/F)

false

Women enjoyed an expansion of democracy for themselves during the 1830s and 1840s, as they were welcomed into the public sphere. (T/F)

false

Free Soil Party

formed 1848 coalition of conscience whigs, barnburners, democrats, and ex-Liberty party men anti spread of slavery pro high tariffs pro federal funding for internal improvements pro free land for settlers in the west pro wilmot proviso

American Republican Party (Know Nothings)

formed 1850 by nativists opposed slavery on racist grounds opposed expansion of slavery dislike the Irish (mass immigration) 1849 & American nativists & anti-immigrants & anti-Catholics

Republican Party

formed 1854 basically stole the Free Soil position coalition of disgruntled whigs, democrats, free soilers, know nothings anti expansion of slavery

The Independent Treasury completely separated the federal government from the nation's banking system. (T/F)

true

The party battles of the Jacksonian era reflected the clash between public and private definitions of American freedom and their relationship to government power. (T/F)

true