APUSH: Chapter 33

Even before FDR won the White House, Eleanor Roosevelt had become an influential figure in her own right by advocating the causes of

women and the poorer classes

Roosevelt's National Recovery Administration (NRA) ended when

the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional

Franklin Roosevelt's presidential campaign in 1932

promised to aid the "forgotten man" by balancing the federal budget and ending deficits

The primary purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was to

provide jobs and experience for unemployed young people

Roosevelt's Agricultural Adjustment Administration met especially sharp criticism because it

raised prices by paying farmers to slaughter animals and not grow crops

What did the Home owners Loan Corporation do?

refinanced mortgages on non-farm homes and bolted down the loyalties of middle class, Democratic homeowners.

The new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board

Committee of Industrial organization

What did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation do?

It Insured individual deposits up to $5,000

What did the Hatch Act do?

It prevented government people from campaigning

Popular term for the special session of Congress in early 1933 that rapidly passed vast quantities of Roosevelt-initiated legislation and handed the president sweeping power

Hundred days congress

What organization did the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act create?

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

The Roosevelt landslide of 1932 included the shift into the Democratic camp of traditionally Republican

African Americans

Among the key groups that made up the powerful Roosevelt coalition in the election of 1936 and for many decades afterward were

African Americans, southerners, and Catholics

New Deal farm agency that attempted to raise prices by paying farmers to reduce their production of crops and animals

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Republican who carried only two states in a futile campaign against "The Champ" in 1936

Alfred M. Landon

Organization of wealthy Republicans and conservative Democrats whose attacks on the New Deal caused Roosevelt to denounce them as economic royalists in the campaign of 1936

American Liberty League

Widely displayed symbol of the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which attempted to reorganize and reform U.S. industry

Blue Eagle

FDR's reform-minded intellectual advisers, who conceived much of the New Deal legislation

Brain trust

The new labor organization that flourished under Depression conditions with the New Deal's legal backing was the

Committee for Industrial Organization

The early New Deal agency that worked to solve the problems of unemployment and conservation by employing youth in reforestation and other beneficial tasks

Civilian Conservation Corps

Roosevelt's highly criticized scheme for gaining Supreme Court approval of New Deal legislation

Court packing

The drought-sticken plains areas from which hundreds of thousands of Okies and Arkies were driven during the Great Depression

Dust bowl

Presidential wife who became and effective lobbyist for the poor during the New Deal

Eleanor Roosevelt

Strong political challenges to Roosevelt came from extremist critics like

Father Charles Coughlin and Huey Long

The "microphone messiah" of Michigan whose mass radio appeals turned anti-New Deal and anti-Semitic

Father Coughlin

Roosevelt's secretary of labor, America's first female cabinet member

Frances Perkins

Leader of senior citizen movement who called for the federal government to pay $200 a month to everyone over sixty

Francis E. Townsend

Former New York governor who aroused the nation to action against the depression with his appeal to the "forgotten man"

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Former New York social worker who became an influential FDR adviser and head of several New Deal agencies

Harry Hopkins

Who headed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration?

Harry L. Hopkins

Vigorously progressive senator from Nebraska whose passionate advocacy helped bring about the New Deal's Tennessee Valley Authority

George W. Norris

Former bull moose progressive who spent billions of dollars on public building projects while carefully guarding against waste

Harold Ickes

Who led the Public Works Administration?

Harold L. Ickes

Louisiana senator and popular mass agitator who promised to make "every man a king" at the expense of the wealthy

Huey "Kingfish" Long

Domineering boss of the mine workers' union who launched the CIO

John L. Lewis

British economist whose theories helped justify New Deal deficit spending

John Maynard Keynes

Writer whose best-selling novel portrayed the suffering of dust bowl Okies in the Thirties

John Steinbeck

Economic theory of British economist who held that governments should run deliberate deficits to aid the economy in times of depression

Keynesianism

As Director of Minority Affairs for the National Youth Administration, the highest black official in the Roosevelt administration

Mary Mcleod Bethune

Phrase used to describe all of Franklin Roosevelt's policies and programs to combat the Great Depression

New Deal

What did the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936 do?

Paid farmers to plant soil-conserving plants

Who wrote the Good Earth?

Pearl S. Buck

What did the Civil Works Administration do?

Provided purely temporary jobs during the winter emergency

What were the 3 R's of the New Deal?

Relief, Recovery, Reform

Prominent 1930s social scientist who argued that each culture produced its own type of personality

Ruth Benedict

New Deal agency established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading

Security Exchange commission

New Deal program that financed old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and other forms of income assistance

Social Security

The daring New Deal program that attempted simultaneously to provide flood control, electric power and economic development occurred in the valley of the

Tennessee River

New Deal agency that aroused strong conservative criticism by producing low-cost electrical power while providing full employment, soil conservation, and low cost housing to an entire region

Tennessee Valley Authority

What was the nickname of the Fair Labor Standards Act?

Wages and Hours Bill

What was the nickname of the National Labor Relations Act?

Wagner Act

Large federal employment program, established in 1935 under Harry Hopkins, that provided jobs in areas from road building to art

Works project administration

Roosevelt's first bold action during the Hundred Days was

closing all the banks and declaring a national bank holiday

In addition to the natural forces of drought and wind, the Dust Bowl of the 1930s was also caused by

excessive use of dry farming and mechanization techniques on marginal land

What did the Wagner Act do?

guaranteed the right of unions to organize and to collectively bargain with management.

Roosevelt's attempt to pack the Supreme Court with his supporters proved extremely costly because

its failure took away much of the political momentum of the New Deal

The so-called Indian New Deal included an emphasis on

local tribal self-government and recovery of Indian identity and culture

The Social Security Act of 1935 provided for

pensions for the elderly, the blind, and unemployment insurance for workers