APUSH: Chapter 33
Even before FDR won the White House, Eleanor Roosevelt had become an influential figure in her own right by advocating the causes of
women and the poorer classes
Roosevelt's National Recovery Administration (NRA) ended when
the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional
Franklin Roosevelt's presidential campaign in 1932
promised to aid the "forgotten man" by balancing the federal budget and ending deficits
The primary purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was to
provide jobs and experience for unemployed young people
Roosevelt's Agricultural Adjustment Administration met especially sharp criticism because it
raised prices by paying farmers to slaughter animals and not grow crops
What did the Home owners Loan Corporation do?
refinanced mortgages on non-farm homes and bolted down the loyalties of middle class, Democratic homeowners.
The new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board
Committee of Industrial organization
What did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation do?
It Insured individual deposits up to $5,000
What did the Hatch Act do?
It prevented government people from campaigning
Popular term for the special session of Congress in early 1933 that rapidly passed vast quantities of Roosevelt-initiated legislation and handed the president sweeping power
Hundred days congress
What organization did the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act create?
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The Roosevelt landslide of 1932 included the shift into the Democratic camp of traditionally Republican
African Americans
Among the key groups that made up the powerful Roosevelt coalition in the election of 1936 and for many decades afterward were
African Americans, southerners, and Catholics
New Deal farm agency that attempted to raise prices by paying farmers to reduce their production of crops and animals
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
Republican who carried only two states in a futile campaign against "The Champ" in 1936
Alfred M. Landon
Organization of wealthy Republicans and conservative Democrats whose attacks on the New Deal caused Roosevelt to denounce them as economic royalists in the campaign of 1936
American Liberty League
Widely displayed symbol of the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which attempted to reorganize and reform U.S. industry
Blue Eagle
FDR's reform-minded intellectual advisers, who conceived much of the New Deal legislation
Brain trust
The new labor organization that flourished under Depression conditions with the New Deal's legal backing was the
Committee for Industrial Organization
The early New Deal agency that worked to solve the problems of unemployment and conservation by employing youth in reforestation and other beneficial tasks
Civilian Conservation Corps
Roosevelt's highly criticized scheme for gaining Supreme Court approval of New Deal legislation
Court packing
The drought-sticken plains areas from which hundreds of thousands of Okies and Arkies were driven during the Great Depression
Dust bowl
Presidential wife who became and effective lobbyist for the poor during the New Deal
Eleanor Roosevelt
Strong political challenges to Roosevelt came from extremist critics like
Father Charles Coughlin and Huey Long
The "microphone messiah" of Michigan whose mass radio appeals turned anti-New Deal and anti-Semitic
Father Coughlin
Roosevelt's secretary of labor, America's first female cabinet member
Frances Perkins
Leader of senior citizen movement who called for the federal government to pay $200 a month to everyone over sixty
Francis E. Townsend
Former New York governor who aroused the nation to action against the depression with his appeal to the "forgotten man"
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Former New York social worker who became an influential FDR adviser and head of several New Deal agencies
Harry Hopkins
Who headed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration?
Harry L. Hopkins
Vigorously progressive senator from Nebraska whose passionate advocacy helped bring about the New Deal's Tennessee Valley Authority
George W. Norris
Former bull moose progressive who spent billions of dollars on public building projects while carefully guarding against waste
Harold Ickes
Who led the Public Works Administration?
Harold L. Ickes
Louisiana senator and popular mass agitator who promised to make "every man a king" at the expense of the wealthy
Huey "Kingfish" Long
Domineering boss of the mine workers' union who launched the CIO
John L. Lewis
British economist whose theories helped justify New Deal deficit spending
John Maynard Keynes
Writer whose best-selling novel portrayed the suffering of dust bowl Okies in the Thirties
John Steinbeck
Economic theory of British economist who held that governments should run deliberate deficits to aid the economy in times of depression
Keynesianism
As Director of Minority Affairs for the National Youth Administration, the highest black official in the Roosevelt administration
Mary Mcleod Bethune
Phrase used to describe all of Franklin Roosevelt's policies and programs to combat the Great Depression
New Deal
What did the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936 do?
Paid farmers to plant soil-conserving plants
Who wrote the Good Earth?
Pearl S. Buck
What did the Civil Works Administration do?
Provided purely temporary jobs during the winter emergency
What were the 3 R's of the New Deal?
Relief, Recovery, Reform
Prominent 1930s social scientist who argued that each culture produced its own type of personality
Ruth Benedict
New Deal agency established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading
Security Exchange commission
New Deal program that financed old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and other forms of income assistance
Social Security
The daring New Deal program that attempted simultaneously to provide flood control, electric power and economic development occurred in the valley of the
Tennessee River
New Deal agency that aroused strong conservative criticism by producing low-cost electrical power while providing full employment, soil conservation, and low cost housing to an entire region
Tennessee Valley Authority
What was the nickname of the Fair Labor Standards Act?
Wages and Hours Bill
What was the nickname of the National Labor Relations Act?
Wagner Act
Large federal employment program, established in 1935 under Harry Hopkins, that provided jobs in areas from road building to art
Works project administration
Roosevelt's first bold action during the Hundred Days was
closing all the banks and declaring a national bank holiday
In addition to the natural forces of drought and wind, the Dust Bowl of the 1930s was also caused by
excessive use of dry farming and mechanization techniques on marginal land
What did the Wagner Act do?
guaranteed the right of unions to organize and to collectively bargain with management.
Roosevelt's attempt to pack the Supreme Court with his supporters proved extremely costly because
its failure took away much of the political momentum of the New Deal
The so-called Indian New Deal included an emphasis on
local tribal self-government and recovery of Indian identity and culture
The Social Security Act of 1935 provided for
pensions for the elderly, the blind, and unemployment insurance for workers