APUSH: Final Exam Research Review

a. The point of view of Russell Hardin is one that believed it would be difficult to successfully fight terrorism without infringing on the rights of American citizens. Hardin believed that the rise of terrorism in the United States was the nation's biggest threat and that it would be a struggle to properly defend the country considering the fact that terrorists looked like normal citizens and were highly secretive in their identities. b. One fact that would support his point of view was the attack on 9/11. The 9/11 attacks put into perspective the idea that the United States was not as safe as it once was and that significant changes in foreign and domestic policy would need to occur. c. Another example of this pattern happening in US history would be the Sedition Acts during World War I. The Sedition Acts gave the government the right to arrest, deport, or fine anyone who could be a possible spy or threat to the safety of the US. This was similar to the War on Terror because in attempt to make America more safe, the government risked taking away the natural rights of its citizens.

"Although there has long been terrorism in varied contexts, contemporary terrorism poses a new and ominous problem. . . . We have long considered how to protect citizens against invading armies, and this might be the arena that is most nearly analogous to protection against terrorists. But foreign terrorists are not so transparent as invading armies, and the issue of protecting ourselves against them necessarily involves judgments on how to distinguish them from peaceful citizens and alien residents. . . . For terrorists, who must in the nature of their purpose be secretive, . . . we may be able to discover them before they act only if we resort to invasive and substantial surveillance, infiltration, screening, and so forth, all of which might be misused against innocents far more often than they are well used against potential terrorists."- Russell Hardin, political scientist, "Civil Liberties in the Era of Mass Terrorism," Journal of Ethics, 2004 a. What is the point of view of Russell Hardin b. What is one fact that would support his point of view? c. What is one other example of this pattern happening in US history.

a. Wilson's point of view is to support internationalism, like the League of Nations, to prevent future world wars. Following the first world war, Wilson believed that isolationism would not work and joining an international organization would help prevent further international conflicts. b. One cause of this point of view was World War 1. WW1 had a loss of life greater than any previous war in history because of the new technologies and tactics used during it. The devastating effect of the war led to many efforts, such as the League of Nations, to be made to prevent any future conflicts. c. One effect of this point of view is the eventual establishment of the League of Nations even though the US did not join. However the league of nations was ineffective and allowed for a second world war to occur.

"Article X says that every member of the League, and that means every great fighting power in the world, ... solemnly engages to respect and preserve ... the territorial integrity and existing political independence of the other members of the League. If you do that, you have absolutely stopped ambitious and aggressive war."- Woodrow Wilson 1919 a. What is the point of view of Wilson? b. What is one cause of the point of view? c. What is one effect of this point of view?

a. One major difference between the two historical interpretations of mass production is that Hounshell largely saw mass production in a positive light whereas Flink saw it more negatively. Hounshell noted the "ability to produce large quantities of goods at surprisingly low prices" and overall focused on how Ford's development of mass production led to the US having the best production technology ever. Flink focused on how mass production hurt the workers as they made them extremely replaceable. b. One historical development that supports Hounshell's interpretation is the booming economy during the 1920's that was fueled by mass production, as shown by the ever-growing stock market and prosperous corporations. Technologies such as radio greatly affected American culture and could have only happened in such a rapid manner because of mass production. c. One historical development that supports Flink's interpretation is the terrible working conditions for the lower class. Workplace injuries and death were commonplace, wages were low, and workers could hardly complain because they could be easily replaced.

"By the 1920s the United States possessed the most prolific production technology the world has ever known. . . . [Henry] Ford's work and the emulation of it by other manufacturers led to the establishment of what could be called an ethos of mass production in America. The creation of this ethos marks a significant moment.... Certain segments of American society looked at Ford's and the entire automobile industry's ability to produce large quantities of goods at surprisingly low costs.... When they did so, they wondered why [other goods] could not be approached in precisely the same manner in which Ford approached the automobile.... The ethos of mass production, established largely by Ford, will die a hard death, if it ever disappears completely." David A. Hounshell, historian, From the American System to Mass Production, 1984 "The impact of Fordism on the worker was debilitating. The individual became an anonymous, interchangeable robot who had little chance on the job to demonstrate his personal qualifications for upward mobility into the echelons of management. Thus, the American myth of unlimited individual social mobility, based on ability and the ideal of the self-made man, became a frustrating impossibility for the assembly-line worker. As the job became a treadmill to escape from rather than a calling in which to find fulfillment, leisure began to assume a new importance. The meaning of work, long sanctified in the Protestant ethic, was reduced to monetary remuneration. The value of thrift and personal economy became questionable, too, as mass consumption became an inevitable corollary of mass production." James J. Flink, historian, The Automobile Age, 1988 a. Briefly describe ONE major difference between Hounshell's and Flink's historical interpretations of mass production. b. Briefly explain how ONE specific historical event or development during the period 1890 to 1945 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Hounshell's interpretation. c. Briefly explain how ONE specific historical event or development during the period 1890 to 1945 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Flink's interpretation.

a. One purpose of JFK's speech was the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union during this time. After the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, many Americans believed that the United States was going to lose the race because the country was technologically inferior. JFK made this speech to inspire hope in the American people and to raise support for the moon landing. b. One immediate historical effect on United States society of the ideas in the excerpt was the technological improvements during that time. Following the space race, the United States began to improve fields such as communication, engineering, and computer science as well as creating more jobs in the scientific field and training more scientists and engineers. c. One broader historical situation in which the excerpt was written was the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union had been in a rivalry that developed after World War II, where both countries were in competition for who could be the world's superpower. The space race arose as a part of that conflict, and the United States and the Soviet Union competed over who had better technology and spaceflight capability.

"If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred. ". . . . For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding. "Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first. In short, our leadership in science and in industry, our hopes for peace and security . . . all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries. . . . "We choose to go to the moon. . . and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, . . . because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept . . . and one which we intend to win." President John F. Kennedy, speech given at Rice University, 1962 a. Briefly describe ONE purpose of the speech in the excerpt. b. Briefly describe ONE immediate historical effect on United States society of the ideas in the excerpt. c. Briefly explain ONE broader historical situation in which the excerpt was written.

a. The point of view of George HW Bush was that in support of a New World Order. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Bush pledged to work in support of world freedom, human rights, and peace among nations. b. One cause of this point of view was the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Berlin Wall. The reunification of Germany and the end to the long rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union opened up the new possibility of peace and prosperity and an end to conflicts around the world. c. One effect of this point of view was the Persian Gulf War. The United States entered the war to try and maintain peace in Kuwait. The invasion of Suddam Hussein into Kuwait disturbed Bush's vision for a New World Order, so the United States made sure to intervene and liberate Kuwait.

"Now, we can see a new world coming into view....In the words of Winston Churchill, a world order in which 'the principles of justice and fair play protect the weak against the strong....' A world where the United Nations...is poised to fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A world in which freedom and respect for human rights find a home among all nations. The Gulf War put this new world to its first test. And my fellow Americans, we passed that test." President George H. W. Bush, address to Congress, March 6, 1991 a. What is the point of view of George HW Bush? b. What is one cause of this point of view? c. What is one effect of this point of view?

a. The point of view of Kennan was one pushing for the containment of communism. Kennan believed that the communist Soviet Union was an evil rival to the United States, and that the only way to defeat them was to suppress their communist ideals and power for good. b. One cause of Kennan's point of view was the tensions arising between the United States and the Soviet Union following World War II. The Yalta Conference was a post war meeting that was supposed to align England, the United States, and the USSR's visions for new Europe; however, it instead highlighted the distrust between countries and set an early foundation for the Cold War. c. One effect of Kennan's point of view was the Marshall Plan. The United States sought to enforce their containment policy in Europe by aiding European Countries in rebuilding their economies and maintaining democratic governments following World War II. The United States wanted to stop Soviet influence and communism from spreading throughout Europe and to the rest of the world.

12. "It is clear that the main element of any United States policy towards the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies... It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena. It must continue to expect that Soviet policies will reflect no abstract love of peace and stability, no real faith in the possibility of a permanent happy coexistence of the Socialist and capitalist worlds, but rather a cautious, persistent pressure towards the disruption and weakening of all rival influence and rival power." Mr. X (George F. Kennan) State Department, " The Sources of Soviet Conduct" Foreign Affairs, July 1947 a. What is the point of view of Kennan? b. What is one cause of this point of view? c. What is one effect of this point of view?

a. The point of view of the poster is the government using propaganda techniques such as name-calling and fear to get people to enlist in the army and fight in WWI. By depicting a gorilla dressed as a German and calling it a "mad brute" it is trying to get Americans to feel the need to contribute to the war and defend against the "kultur" destroying wild Germans. b. The US entered WWI in 1917 in opposition to the Germans, so the government needed people to enlist in the army to fight in the war. Therefore the government started propaganda committees to push people to enlist while also keeping the nation united against the Germans, which was accomplished by dehumanizing the enemy (big, angry gorilla that's destroying culture and taking women). c. One effect of the poster's point of view is the shift in popular opinion from belief in isolationism and into belief in interventionism and stopping the spread of fascist aggression. In FDR's quarantine speech he calls for a quarantine of the disease of fascist aggression, a point of view similar to that of the posters which is calling for Americans to help stop the Germans, and portraying them as violent beasts who will ruin everything much like a disease.

1917 CPI (Committee on Public Information/ Creel Commission) US Government Poster a. What is the point of view of the poster b. What is one factor that led to this point of view c. What is one effect of this point of view?

a. Exclusion Order No. 34 was the order for all Japanese people to be put in internment camps. This included American citizens and every person with any Japanese heritage was to be interned. b. One factor that led to this order was the fact that the US was at war with Japan during WW2. Furthermore the Japanese were a large factor in the US joining the war as they were the perpetrators behind the Pearl Harbor bombings. c. The majority opinion in Korematsu v. United States was that the court held that compulsory exclusion of citizens during times of war was justified in order to reduce the risk of espionage.

Exclusion Order No. 34, which the petitioner knowingly and admittedly violated, was one of a number of military orders and proclamations, all of which were substantially based upon Executive Order No. 9066, 7 Fed. Reg. 1407. That order, issued after we were at war with Japan, declared that "the successful prosecution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense material, national-defense premises, and national-defense utilities . . . ." a. What was the Exclusion Number 34? b. What was one factor that led to this order? c. Describe the majority opinion in Korematsu v. United States about this order.

a. One development that led to the passage of New Deal legislation was the Great Depression and the tremendous economic and job loss it caused. The New Deal was passed to stimulate the economy and cut away at the large unemployment numbers. b. One effect of the New Deal legislation on the role of the federal government in the United States economy was that it expanded the government's role and the government assumed responsibility for the nation's economy and the welfare of its citizens. Through the New Deal, the government provided legal protection for labor unions, price stability for farmers, insurance for the elderly, and much more. c. One effect of the New Deal legislation on society is that it helped pull America out of the worst of the Great Depression by slowly increasing industrial production and greatly lowering unemployment. Many of the programs started to create jobs helped build infrastructure around the country, with an example being the PWA building many hospitals and educational buildings.

a. Briefly describe ONE development that contributed to the passage of New Deal legislation in the 1930s. b. Briefly explain ONE effect of New Deal legislation on the role of the federal government in the United States economy. c. Explain ONE effect of the New Deal legislation on society.

a. Both the New Deal and Great Society programs made attempts from the government to improve the lives of the American people. Both were a continuation of the Keynesian economic policy and the Liberal Consensus, which focused on putting money into the hands of the consumer. b. One difference between the New Deal and Great Society programs was that the New Deal mostly focused on solving economic problems, while the Great Society programs focused more on social injustices during its respected time period. The New Deal wanted relief for the unemployed, recovery of the economy, and reform of the financial system following the Great Depression. The Great Society programs were a set of domestic policies that wanted to ensure an end to poverty and social injustice. c. One reason for a difference between the New Deal and the Great Society programs was the different time periods of the two. The New Deal occurred during the Great Depression, where the main issues in society were the failed economy and huge rates of unemployment. The Great Society programs occurred during the 60s, where social problems were coming to light and issues such as racism and crime became a bigger deal.

a. Briefly describe ONE similarity between New Deal and Great Society programs. b. Briefly describe ONE difference between New Deal and Great Society programs. c. Briefly explain ONE reason for a difference between New Deal and Great Society programs.

a. The point of view of the poster is to make the Japanese look as bad as possible to gain more support against them in WW2. The man is wearing a Japanese flag, attacking a woman with a knife, and looks almost monster-like with nails that look more like claws and barred teeth. On the bottom the poster states that "This is the enemy." b. One factor that led to this POV is the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. This attack on the US helped bring the country into WW2 on the side of the Allies, therefore making the Japanese their enemy and starting a need for propaganda, such as the one seen below, to get the people behind the war. c. One effect was the promotion of anti-Asian racism in America, as the poster clearly labels the Japanese as the enemy. This racism towards the Japanese led to the internment of all Japanese Americans despite the fact that they at no time posed a military or security threat to the US while German Americans were treated much differently despite both actively being in war against America.

Image of Japanese monkey with knife labeled "This is the enemy" a. What is the point of view of the poster below? b. What is one factor that led to this point of view c. What is one effect of this point of view?

a. The point of view of Herblock was that Nixon was drowning in the Watergate scandal of 1973. The Watergate scandal revealed that Nixon might have been involved in illegal affairs regarding his reelection, creating further problems for him in office and distrust from the American people. b. One cause of this point of view was Nixon's aggressive attempts at covering up his involvement in Watergate. Nixon's constant denial that he played a part despite evidence against him completely ruined his public support and left him with the inescapable choice of leaving office. c. An effect of the events depicted in the cartoon was Nixon's resignation from office. The Watergate scandal put Nixon in a difficult position where there was no way he could stay in office. Nixon chose to resign from his position before he could be impeached and removed by office by the Senate.

Political cartoon of a man holding on to a table in a room that is flooding a. What is the point of view of Herblock in the cartoon above? b. What is one cause of this point of view c. What is the effect of the events depicted in the cartoon?

a. One point of view of Jonathan Winthrop was his goal to make New England into an ideal Puritan society. Winthrop believed that God had given them the purpose of creating an exemplary model of the church that the Church of England should change its ways to follow. b. One factor that led to this point of view was the religious persecution of Puritans in England. Many puritans left the New World to seek religious freedom after refusing to conform to the Church of England, creating the New England colony with the goal of being a religious example for the rest of Europe. c. One effect of the City Upon a Hill pov was the expelling of dissenters such as Anne Hutchinson. Although the puritans left English to pursue religious freedom, Jonathan Winthrop's vision for the City Upon a Hill was not a religiously tolerant society. Dissenters such as Anne Hutchinson, who preached views differently from puritan views, were banished from New England and sent into neighboring colonies such as Rhode Island.

The Lord will be our God, and delight to dwell among us, as His own people, and will command a blessing upon us in all our ways, so that we shall see much more of His wisdom, power, goodness and truth, than formerly we have been acquainted with. We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when He shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, "may the Lord make it like that of New England." For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God, and all professors for God's sake. We shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us till we be consumed out of the good land whither we are going---1630 PRIMARY SOURCE John Winthrop's A Model of Christian Charity- or City upon a Hill written on the Arabella en route to Massachusetts Bay Colony a. What is the point of view of Jonathan Winthrop? b. What is one factor that led to this point of view? c. What is one effect of this point of view?

a. The point of view of Malcolm X was that of an advocate for black nationalism and the idea that nothing could ever be achieved without violence. He believed that black people deserved the right to an independent and free nation and that they should do whatever they can in their power to achieve racial pride and liberation. b. One cause of Malcolm X's point of view was segregation and racial discrimination of America all the way up until the signing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964. For as long as they could remember, black people were separated and treated differently because they were viewed as inferior, a racist ideal that inspired activists like Malcolm X to stand up for black pride and nationalism. c. One effect of Malcolm X's point of view was the black power movement of the 1960s and 1970s. In this movement, supporters were not afraid to use violent measures to achieve their goals of racial justice, equality, and pride, as well as the growing support for ideas of black separatism beginning to emerge and take root in black communities.

The White man knows that the Black revolution is worldwide. . . . So I cite these various revolutions, brothers and sisters, to show you that you don't have a peaceful revolution. You don't have a turn-the-other-cheek revolution. There's no such thing as a nonviolent revolution. The only kind of revolution that's nonviolent is the Negro revolution. The only revolution in which the goal is loving your enemy is the Negro revolution. It's the only revolution in which the goal is a desegregated lunch counter, a desegregated theater, a desegregated park, and a desegregated public toilet.... That's no revolution. Revolution is based on land.... Land is the basis of freedom, justice, and equality. . . . A revolutionary wants land so he can set up his own nation, an independent nation." Malcolm X, African American leader, "Message to the Grass Roots," 1963 a. What is the point of view of Malcolm X b. What is one cause of this point of view c. What is one effect of this point of view?

a. One perspective about women's roles during the 1920s expressed through the image is the belief that women were meant to be in the home taking care of the family and its appearance and leaving the working and decisions to the man. In the image the woman only cares about the "appearance and performance of the car" but the man is more concerned with the important information such as the mileage, comfort, steering ease, and skid resistance. b. One specific historical development that led to changes in women's roles during the 1920s was the growing number of young, well-educated woman called flappers who were inspired by feminists. They sought greater freedom in their lives and challenged traditional values such as those portrayed in the image. c. One specific historical development in business that led to the creation of the image above during the 1920s was the use of mass production and assembly lines to make the overall cost of automobiles much more affordable to the general public. Thus automobiles are no longer just for the rich and it's reasonable to advertise cars as more people can buy them.

The figure presents an advertisement for Fisk Tires. At the top of the advertisement, a woman is shown behind a steering wheel wearing a hat and scarf. At the bottom of the advertisement is part of a tire. In the middle of the advertisement is the following text, with the heading "Her Choice": Miss and Mrs. Motorist know that the Fisk Heavy Duty Tire improves the appearance and performance of the car...Mr. Motorist knows that and more. He knows that special construction features build super service into this super tire. The real kick he gets out of this big, good looking, full oversize balloon—with extra plies and the "Rugged Tread"—is the number of miles it gives him for every dollar he gives for it...Built of "Fillerless Cord", the Fisk Heavy Duty is especially designed for riding comfort, steering ease, skid resistance and extreme mileage...There is a Fisk Tire of every size, every type, priced for every buyer's preference. Listen to the Fisk "Time to Re-Tire" Program every Monday evening. Michelin North America, Inc.Directions: In your responses, be sure to address all parts of the questions you answer. a. Briefly describe ONE perspective about women's roles during the 1920s expressed through the image. b. Briefly explain ONE specific historical development or circumstance from 1900 to 1929 that led to changes in women's roles during the 1920s such as that depicted in the image. c. Briefly explain ONE specific historical development in business OR culture that led to the creation and use of images such as the one above during the 1920s.

a. The point of view of Hakluyt was the goals of Europeans in seeking out new wealth in the Americas. Hakluyt believed that colonization of the Americas would bring new economic/ trade advantages to Europe and new knowledge of the lives and culture of the native peoples. b. One cause of this point of view was Columbus' voyage to the Americas and the Columbian exchange. Columbus sought out a different way to reach Asia for trade because the way by land was already controlled by Muslims. Upon landing on America and seeing the gold jewelry of the native people and the wide stretches of unused land, Columbus believed the New World held great potential for increasing the wealth and power of Europe. c. One effect of this point of view was the deaths of over 90% of the native population. When the Europeans saw the advantages of colonization in the new world and began sending settlers, they also sent many diseases such as smallpox that the natives were not immune to. These diseases rapidly were extremely impactful and killed off almost all of the native American population.

The second chief and principal end [of colonization] . . . consists in the [sale] of the mass of our clothes and other commodities of England, and in receiving back of the needful commodities that we now receive from all other places of the world. . . . This one thing is to be done, without which it were in vain to go about this; and that is the matter of planting [colonies] and fortification. . . . We are to plant upon the mouths of the great navigable rivers which are there [in America], by strong order of fortification, and there to plant our colonies. . . . And these fortifications shall keep the [native] people of [America] in obedience and good order. . . . ". . . Without this planting in due time, we shall never be able to have full knowledge of the language, manners, and customs of the people of those regions. . . . And although by other means we might attain to the knowledge thereof, yet being not there fortified and strongly seated, the French that swarm with [a] multitude of people, or other nations, might secretly fortify and settle themselves before us."---Richard Hakluyt, English government official, A Discourse on Western Planting, 1584 a. What is the point of view of Hakluyt? b. What is one cause of this point of view? c. What is one effect of this point of view?

a. The point of view of Colin Calloway is a description of the impact the Columbian Exchange and the European colonization had on the New World. Once the Europeans arrived and began to colonize the New World, they changed the lives of the native people forever by bringing settlers, livestock, and other crops during the Columbian Exchange. b. One fact that would support Calloway's point of view was that once introduced by the Spanish, horses became a large part of native American culture and life. Horses revolutionized the natives' methods of transportation and hunting and became an integral piece of tribal culture, worship, and ceremony. c. One effect of the events described in the passage would be the impact European diseases had on the native population. With the other goods they brought overseas to the Americas, the Europeans also brought deadly diseases that the natives weren't immune to, resulting in the deaths of almost 90% of the population.

Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland... In the Southeast, hots ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, and cockroaches to America."- Colin C. Calloway historian First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History, 2012 a. What is the point of view of Colin Calloway b. What is one fact that would support Calloway's point of view c. What is one effect of the events described in Calloway's passage?

a. Hiram Evans' point of view is to support white supremacy and to build hostility towards African Americans, Catholics, immigrants, and Jews. This is represented by the "Klan slogan: "Native, white, Protestant supremacy."" b. One factor that caused this POV was the religious divide between the mostly protestant non-immigrants and the Catholic/Jewish immigrants coming from Europe. This helped fuel the nativism that the KKK and Hiram Evans supported. c. One effect of this POV was increased Nativism and events such as the Sacco and Vanzetti case. In the case two Italians were executed based on circumstantial evidence and were victims of racial prejudice.

There are three ... great racial instincts, vital elements in both the historic and the present attempts to build an America which shall fulfill the aspirations and justify the heroism of the men who made the nation. These are the instincts of loyalty to the white race, to the traditions of America, and to the spirit of Protestantism, which has been an essential part of Americanism ever since the days of Roanoke and Plymouth Rock. They are condensed into the Klan slogan: "Native, white, Protestant supremacy." First in the Klansman's mind is patriotism-America for Americans. He believes religiously that a betrayal of Americanism or the American race is treason to the most sacred trusts, a trust from his fathers and a trust from God. He believes too that Americanism can only be achieved if the pioneer stock is kept pure. There is more than race pride in this. Mongrelization has been proven bad. It is only between closely related stocks of the same race that interbreeding has improved men; the kind of interbreeding that went on in the early days of America between English, Dutch, German, Huguenot, Irish, and Scotch. Hiram Evans on the "The Klan's Fight for Americanism" (1926) a. What is the point of view of Hiram Evans? b. What is one factor that caused this point of view? c. What is one effect of this point of view?

a. The United States involvement in the Korean War and the Vietnam War were similar in that both were a war in a third world country that the United States entered because they wanted to contain the spread of communism. The Korean War served as a proxy war between the United States and the communist Soviet Union during the Cold War. The United States entered the Vietnam war because they wanted to stop the spread of communism into South Vietnam and the rest of Asia. b. One specific historical difference between the United States experience in the Korean War and in the Vietnam War was the length of the wars and their endings. The Korean War lasted only 3 years, and ended with an armistice between the governments of China, North Korea, South Korea, and the United States and an agreement that Korea would stay divided following the war. The Vietnam War lasted for 10 years and ended when communist North Vietnam took over South Vietnam and unified the country as one socialist republic. c. One specific historical effect of the Vietnam War on United States society was that the United States people lost trust in government leaders. The violent involvement of the United States' in the Vietnam War was broadcasted quite publicly in the states, and its harsh reality caused an uprising of anti-war movements that opposed the war and the government that agreed to participate in it.

a. Briefly describe ONE specific historical similarity between the United States reasons for involvement in the Korean War and its reasons for involvement in the Vietnam War. b. Briefly describe ONE specific historical difference between the United States experience in the Korean War and in the Vietnam War. c. Briefly explain ONE specific historical effect of either the Korean War or the Vietnam War on United States society.

a. Because of the difficulties and uncertainty of World War II and the Great Depression, many people chose not to have children. Post World War II led to a great boost in the United States economy and the return of many soldiers from overseas, therefore creating a baby boom and high birth rates. b. One specific historical effect of the high birth rates on United States economy was the migration from urban areas to suburbs during 1946 to 1964. With this new baby boom, many people began to focus on a more family oriented lifestyle, moving to suburban areas and contributing to the demographic shifts of the time period such as the mass media and popular culture era emerging. c. One historical change in United States society from 1965 to 1980 was the beginning of the counterculture movement in the 60s and the baby boomer generation's part in it. Growing up in the 50s and 60s, the baby boom generation began to diverge from the views of their parents and the Nuclear family image. The counterculture movement was a reaction to the conservative views of the 1950s and led to a radical age of self expression, going against social norms, and standing up for one's beliefs.

a. Briefly describe how ONE specific historical event or development contributed to the high birth rates in the United States from 1946 to 1964 b. Briefly describe ONE specific historical effect of the high birth rates on United States society from 1946 to 1964. c. Briefly explain ONE specific historical change in United States society from 1965 to 1980 that resulted from the trend in birth rates from 1946 to 1964.

a. One immediate reason for Reagan's victory in the 1980 election was his promise to bring the American military strength, economy, and defense system to new heights. As a frontrunner to the rise of conservatism, Reagan promised to increase defense spending, stimulate the economy by following supply side economics, and restore faith back into the American government. b. One change in United States politics in the 1960s and 1970s that contributed to Reagan's victory was the rise of the counterculture. In his campaign, Reagan made sure to appeal to conservatives and evangelical christians that disagreed with the counter culture's attack on traditional values, offering an optimistic vision of America's future. c. One difference between Reagan's policies and Roosevelt's policies was that Reagan believed government was the problem in fixing the economy, while Roosevelt believed government was the solution. Reagan wanted Congress to sharply reduce government funding of social and welfare programs, in hope that the falling tax rates would increase consumption and employment rates. Roosevelt put lots of money into social and welfare programs in hope that the impoverished people and unemployed would get the support they needed to get back on their feet.

a. Briefly explain ONE immediate reason for Ronald Reagan's victory in the 1980 presidential election. b. Briefly describe how ONE change in United States politics in the 1960s and/or 1970s contributed to Ronald Reagan's victory in the 1980 presidential election. c. Briefly explain ONE major similarity or difference between President Ronald Reagan's policies in the 1980s and President Franklin Roosevelt's policies in the 1930s.

a. One similarity between the goals of the Spanish and the English in establishing colonies was to promote their religion to other countries. While they both had other motives as well (such as economics to acquire wealth), both countries had the goal of spreading religion (the catholic Spanish and protestant English) to the new worlds. b. One important difference between the goals of the Spanish and English was that the Spanish mostly settled to acquire prestige and power for the Spanish crown while the English settled more privately to improve quality of life and achieve religious freedom. The Spanish were more interested in the glory of the Spanish crown and their colonization was all made with the main goal of providing power to the crown. Many English settled through joint stock companies, a more private way of colonization that did not rely on the funds of the government. Many English also left England to pursue religious freedom and make an ideal model of the church they hoped the official Church of England would emulate. c. One way in which the difference contributed to the development of Spanish and English colonial societies was that the Spanish had more royal authority over their colonies, while the English lived a life more separated from their mother country. The Spanish Conquistadors always answered to their queen, and they focused on building necessary trading networks and spreading Spanish catholicism to the indigenous peoples. The English focused more on their individual goals, and expelled indigenous peoples from their land to make more community-based colonies.

a. Briefly explain ONE important similarity between the goals of the Spanish and the English in establishing colonies in the Americas prior to 1700. b. Briefly explain ONE important difference between the goals of the Spanish and the English in establishing colonies in the Americas prior to 1700. c. Briefly explain ONE way in which the difference you indicated in (b) contributed to a difference in the development of Spanish and English colonial societies.

a. The trend shown is a representation of the Great Migration, where many African Americans left the Jim Crow South for the less discriminatory North/West. All of the places with large population loss are in the South and all of the states with large population gain are in the North/West (excluding Florida). b. One factor that led to the trend above was the wartime demand for industrial workers caused by WW1, encouraging many southern African Americans to migrate to northern cities for work. Another factor is the lesser discrimination in the North. c. One effect of the trend above is the Harlem Renaissance, where Harlem became the center of African-American literary, artistic, and political expression that was only made possible because of the large movement of African Americans to New York City.

a. Describe the trend shown in the map above. b. What is one factor that led to the trend above? c. What is one effect of the trend above?