apush final practice questions
one specific cause for periodic shortages of labor in the colonies 1660-1780
1) increases in wages in enlgand reduced supply of immigrants to the colonies as laborers 2) high death rate from disease, food shortages, and battles with indians meant that the population of colonists grew slowly.
historical event or development 1824-1840 that demonstreated the spread of demovracy and politics of the common man
1. universal white male suffrage starting with indiana in 1816. 2. in 1830s closed door caucuses were replaced by nominating conventions
one hsitorical event or development 1830-1860 that reslted in the rapid increase in immgration
1: the development of inexpensive and relatively rapid ocean transportation 2: famines and revolutions in europe that drove people from their homelands 3: growing reputation of the US as a country offering economic opportunities and political freedom
proclamation of 1763
A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.
articles 1 and 2 (freedom of religion and right to trial by jury) most closely reflected ideas expressed in which document?
bill of rights
one historical event or development resulting from the changing views by either the british or the colonists (from 7 year's war)
colonists saw the need to be united and coordinated in their defense during 7 year's war, developmend the albany plan of union which laid the ground work for revolutionary congresses of 1770s
enlightenment idea most clearly reflected in this passage (resolutions of the stamp act congress 1765) was that
governments needed popular consent to rule legitimately (social contract, power to rule came from below, not above)
one specific way the market revolution caused women's role in society to change
men were working away from home so women were becoming the moral leaders within the home (cult of domesticity)
one major difference between marshall's and cozzen's interpretations of the indian wars 1856-1898
one difference is that marshall says the cause of the indian wars was that the indians were meant to be nomadic and could not successfully settle on a small reservation, whereas cozzen says the cause was a clash between the dislocated natives and the westward-expanding settlers
sentiments in excerpt page 90 (about fatalities caused by indians) were most directly influenced by what historical development
seven year's war
finney's assertions were most closely related to those of
supporters of a spiritual awakening during the 18th century
the key idea in the excerpt is that grady believes
the civil war damaged the southern economy
explain why one region favored the american system 1800-1848
the east supported protective tariffs because they would promote manufacturing which took place in the east. It would also encourage the south to do more business with the east instead of importing foreign goods
the position of lincoln and the republicans on which of the following issues caused the greatest fear among southern defenders of slavery?
the extension of slavery into the territories
which group led opposition to bacons rebellion?
the governer of virginia
jackson's action on the bank bill supported his views in this excerpt bc he sw the bank as a symbol of
the govt helping the rich more than the poor
Which of the following statements aout the period 1824 to 1840 could be used to modify or refute the claim "by opening the polls to every man that walks, we have placed the power in the hands of those who have neither property talents nor influence in the other cirumstances and who require in theirpublic offices no higher qualifications than they possess themselves"
the opportunities for women and african americans to participate in politics remained unchanged
why does the excerpt (p61) suggest the quakers opposed enslaving africans?
they were motivated by their religious beliefs
which of the following best summarizes Coronado's goal in exploring mexico in this excerpt? (21)
to find natural resources that might enrich the king
one historical event or development that supports wallace's interpretation 1824-1844
trail of tears hardships caused deaths of 4000 cherokees, showing that jackson did not act with wellbeing of natives in mind
which of the following groups held views about how an individual should act that were most similar to those expressed in this excerpt
transcendentalists bc they emphasized acting on what they felt was right more than on what the law said
one specific effect on american culture or character that historian frederick jackson turner attributed to the frontier experience
turner said 300 years of frontier experience had brought individualism to american culture
Jefferson's call to avoid entangling alliances is similar to the advice in
washington's farewell address
one specific development related to womens rights 1820-1860
women reformers resented the way men put them in secondary roles in the antislavery movement, which led to the Seneca Galls Convention 1848, at which they issued a document of women's grievances against discriminatory practices (declaration of sentiments)
one specific historical difference between the cultural life in the american colonies under british rule and life in the independent US?
Distinctive national identity evolved because of expansion of newspapers in late 1700s (facilitated communication and source for political discussion), novelists explored the meaning of an american identity.
Townshend Acts (1767)
Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea whose revenue would be used to pay crown officials in colonies, making officials independent of the colonial assemblies that had paid their salaries before.
One major difference betweeen Ellis's and Meacham's historical interpretations of how Jefferson came to approve Louisiana Purchase
Ellis claims that Jefferson approved the LP bc of his love for the west, whereas Meacham says he approved it bc he saw that it was necessary for the country's progress
one specific reason for the difference in economic developments between colonial regions 1607-1754
Environment: new england's rocky soil and long winters kept farms small (subsistence farming), whereas rich soil in middle and southern colonies led to an economy of more large farms/plantations with hired laborers or slaves.
explain how one specific ethnic group contributed to the development of culture and society in the colonies 1607 - 1754
Germans: settled mostly on farmlands in pennsylvania, became "penn dutch country." they maintained german language, customs, religion as lutherans amish, brethren, or mennonites.
one example of how a piece of literature influenced social or political change in the 1850s
Harriet Beecher Stowe's book Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852 showed the hardship and cruelty of slavery in the south, and got people in the north to sympathize w antislavery cause/made them see slavery as cruel and inhuman. The book was widely distributed and increased anti slavery sentiment in the north.
one historical event or development 1787 to 1803 that supports meacham's interpretation
Jefferson set his own political ideals asside for the LP bc when he submitted it to congress, he said the purchase could be added to the US as an application of the president's power to make treaties. Shows he was setting aside his own political views bc he had frequently criticized hamilton's view that powers could be implied by the constitution
explain how one historical event or development 1863-1877 supports egerton
KKK, founded in 1867 by a former confed general, intimidated African Americans from voting or exercising their rights and intimidated white reformers through violence
one historical event or development 1754-1800 that supports Freedman's interpretation
Land Ordinance of 1785: Congress established a policy for selling western lands that set aside one square-mile of land in each 36 mile township for public education, which shows an institution established under the AOC that responded to the needs of the country
one historical event or development 1787 to 1803 that supports ellis's interpretation
Lewis and Clark: even before LA was purchased, jefferson had funded a scientific exploration of the west (passed the mississippi)
one historical event or development 1607-1754 that supports the view of natives as "savage" or "cruel"
Metacom's War (1675-76) - chief of the wampanoag, metacom, united many tribes in New England in response to english settlers encroaching on their land. Some tribes supported the colonists bc of long standing rivalry w wampanoag. conflict was metacom's war, in which several villages were burned, hundreds of people were killed
which territory did the US gain most directly by going to war?
Mexican Cession
explain how one event or development 1830-1860 supports hahn
Mexico outlawed slavery, and many american settlers disobeyed that law. Then, sam houston led a group of american setetlers to revolt and declare texas independent in 1836, so that they could make slavery legal again. this shows that manifest destiny was more about spreading ways of life that enslaved African Americans and kept whites in power than about spreading democracy
explain one example of how farmer movements challenged railroads in the period 1865 to 1898
National grange movement: social and educational org for farmers in 1868. in midwest states they lobbied their state legislatures to pass laws regulating rates charged by rr.
explain one social or political response to immigration 1850s
Nativists formed a secret society that then became a political org and party called the American or Know Nothing party. They supported increasing the time it took for immigrants to become citizens and only letting native born citizens hold office
explain one development in the period 1840 to 1854 that supported the perspective expressed by the artist
One development that supported the artist's perspective was the election of 1848 in which the whig's nominee, taylor, who had the support of the free soilers, beat the dems' nominee cass, who supported popular soverieignty
Declaratory Act (1766)
Passed at the same time that the Stamp Act was repealed, the Act declared that Parliament had the power to tax the colonies both internally and externally, and had absolute power over the colonial legislatures.
explain one historical event or development 1789-1800 that is an example of american foreign policy of avoiding war
Proclamation of Neutrality that washingotn issued 1793 that said the US was a young nation not strong enough to engage in european war (americans wanted to support french people in their revolution)
one historical event or development 1607-1754 that supports the view that natives will not benifit from pitiless treatment and forceful conversion to christianity
Pueblo Revolt of 1680: conquistadores settled in rio grande valley in early 1600s and, bc there were no furs or gold/silver to profit off of, they focused on converting the natives. The roman catholic missionaries followed an aggressive and harsh program to convert natives, and this treatment led Pueblo indians to revolt, destroying the catholic churches, killing priests and settlers. shows that natives will not be successfully converted w such forceful methods
one historical event or development 1774-1787 that supports Raphael's interpretation
Raphael's interpretation that authority in America was not wholly represented by the people after the Revolution is supported by the fact that the state constitutions written and adopted by 1777 only gave voting rights to white males who owned property, which meant that the power was only held by less than half the population
one example of a non spanish individual or country that influenced spains american colonial empire during 15th and 16th centuries
The Portuguese showed profitability of using enslaved africans to grow crops on their sugar plantations off the african coast. They provided a model for other europeans, so the spanish began trading with african partners to replace indians who died of brutality or disease with imported Africans.
using cartoon (p 281) explain one historical perspective expressed by the artist concerning slavery in the territories 1840-1854
The perspective expressed by the artist is that those who supported polular sovereignty, like lewis cass, needed to be "smoked out" or removed in order to have free soil, in which slavery would not be allowed in new territories
explain one specific factor 1820-1860 that resulted in the rapid population growth of cities on Atlantic coast
US manufacturing and industrial growth increased, emerging in new england the most bc region had abundant waterpower for new machinery and good seaports of shipping goods, causing factory system to expand.
explain how one specific event or hsitorical development was used by supporters of going to war against britain in 1812
US settlers had been pushing the american indians westward for decades, and in an effort to defend their lands from further encroachment, a Shawnee warrior named Tecumseh attempted to unite all of the tribes east of the Mississippi River. the settlers persuaded the govt of indiana territory to take aggressive action. in battle of tippecanoe 1811, govt destroyed shawnee headquarters. bc the british had provided a little aid to tecumseh, the americans blamed the british for instigating the rebellion
One major difference between Van Cleve's and Freedman's interpretations of the value of the AOC (p 122 3.7)
Van Cleve sees the AOC as an ineffective foundation for national power, and set up the govt for stalemate bc it let small groups of people (states) block change too easily, whereas Freedman says that the AOC was more effective in national power because congress read the articles broadly and was able to exervise wide powers in response to country's needs
one historical event or development 1774-1787 that supports Wood's interpretation
Wood's interpretation that the US was transformed by the idea of equality is supported by the fact that the leaders of the revolution recognized the idea that "all men are created equal" and took some corrective steps. The continental congress abolished importation of slaves, and several northern states ended slavery, while some owners in the south voluntarily freed their slaves.
president jackson's veto of the bank bill contributed most significantly to
a financial panic
john pory's letter to sir dudley carleton abt virginia illistrates what vision for VA?
a land that would provide agricultural products that would enrich england
whichof the following groups would most strongly agree w jefferson's views about the future impact of the Missouri compromise?
abolitionists demanding immediate end to slavery
philosophical basis behind the excerpt (resolutions of the stamp act congress 1765) was that the writers
accepted parliament's authority generally but not for direct taxation
what does the source imply was the cause of the wide variety of systems of social and political organization among natives? (p 7)
adaptation to diverse and demanding environments
which of the following was most necessary for the passage of the Missouri compromise?
admission of maine as a free state
event / development that supports cozzen
afte siouxwarthefed govt put plains indians on smaller reservations w govt support, but gold miners continued to encroach onto indian land if gold was found in them (example is dakota's black hills), wwhich led to a new round of conflicts in 1870s
explain how one historical event or development 1863-1877 supports foner
after the war, african americans founded hundreds of churches and left white dominated ones for their own Black Baptist and African Methodist churches. Black ministers becae leaders for their communities
people who advocated for ratification of the constitution responded to lee and others who shared his views by
agreeing to add a bill of rights
describe a specific similarity between cultures of indigenous peoples of north america and those in central and south america 1491-1607
all indigenous peoples adapted to their varied envrionments, allowing the environments to shape their cultures, social/political organization, and religion
The Union was most disturbed because they believed that Britain was supporting the Confederates by doing which of the following?
allowing british shipyards to build warships for the confederacy
one specific role that native americans played in the american revolution 1774-1783
american indians were eventually promped to support the british after more attacks by colonists. indians joined british bc they promised to limit colonial settlements int the west
one specific way in whcih devemopments in the mid 1800s supported emerson's point of view
american peole became more nationalistic and interested to read works about american themes by american writers after the war of 1812. these writers helped to create a literature that was romantic but american
Locke's writings had the most direct influence on the
american revolution through his ideas on govt
one specific criticism of americann expansionism 1840-1855
americans claimed expansionism was for expanding democracy, but when they ratified the mexican cession they were adding a huge region into whcih slavery could expand, bc it was south of 36 30.
explain how one president who came before lincoln was both democratic and autocratic
andrew jackson: during jacksonian democracy a larger proportion of state and local officials were elected to office isntead of appointed, giving voters more say in their govt. he also was known as protector of the common man against the rch and provileged, and opposed federal spending. however, he also persuaded congress to pass the force bill, giving him authority to act against south carolina when they nullified federal tariffs, and prepared the military.
explain how fed govt actions taken during reconstruction were similar to fed govt actions taken during the civil war
andrew johnson vetoed civil rights bill that nullified black codes and granted full citizenship and equal rights to african americans, showing little progress in fed govt efforts to give african americans equal rights
one specific way in which developments in the mid 1800s challenged emerson's point of view
architecture of the mid 1800s was instpred by democracy of classical athens, like columned facades on the entryways of public buildings, banks, hotels, and some homes, which shows that elements of american culture were not yet as separate from europe as emerson said
explain one specific criticism brought forth by anti feds concerning the power of the new fed govt
argued that a stronger central govt would destroy the work of the revolution, limit democracy, and restrict state's rights
jefferson's statement that "we are all republicans, we are all feds" is most directly refuted by his actions to
attempt to impeach fed judges
one historical event or development during 7 year's war that demonstrated a fundemental change in colonial view of its relathionship w its british govt
bc colonists were not impressed with british troops or leadership (methods of warfare seemed badly suited to densely wooded terrain of eastern America) they gained confindence that they could successfully defend colonies on their own.
one specific long term effect ont he southern economy as a result of its lack of a large manufacturing base
bc the south had a much bigger focus on investments in growing cotton to export, and then buying everything else, the economy was left stunted in terms of capital after slavery was ended because they did not have the infrastructure for their economy to succeed without slavery
one effect of the closing of the frontier on american society or economy
bc there was no more west to expand into, the americans began moving instead from rural to urban areas in 1890s, to take advantage of opportunity in industry
explain one major difference between beard's and hofstadter's interpretations of influences on the constitution (p 134 3.9)
beard says that individual colonists' support or opposition for the constitution depended more on their personal economic / societal interests than on political ideals, whereas hofstadter says that the revolution inspired new idealized opinions about civic life and the constitution
one specific historical benefit the colonies received under british mercantilism 1607-1754
benefits: aided new england shipbuilding (bc trade to and from coloies could be carried only be english or colonial built ships), provided chesapeake tobacco a monopoly in england, provided english military forces to protect colonies from attacks by spain or france
hamilton's position expressed in excerpt most clearly reflected his dissatisfaction with which of the following?
bill of rights
one historical event or development 1848 - 1861 that could be used to support wineapple's interpretation
bleeding kansas supports wineapple's view bc large numbers of slaveholders from missouri moved to kansas in order to gain a majority for their party and win control for the south. proslavery missourians ("border ruffians") created a pro slavery legislature in lecompton, kansas, in order to gain recognition as a slave state, even though the legislature was not recognized by the antislavery settlers and did not have majority support
one major difference between Wood's and Raphael's historical interpretations of how radical the American Revolution was
both Wood and Raphael acknowledged how radical the idea of authority by the body of the people was, but Raphael acknowleges that this "body" only included the majority, and the power was exercised at the expense of the minority, whereas Wood claims that the revolution transformed America through equality.
one historical event or development during 7 year's war that demonstrated a fundemental change in british view of its relathionship w american colonies
british came away from 7 years war with low opinion of the colonial military abilities, sense of superiority. held american militia in contempt as poorly trained and disorderly, noted that some colonies had not contirbuted troops or money to war effort. resulted in relationship in which britian took safety of colonies into its own hands, less independence for colonies
one example of a negative effect on the native americans caused by spanish settlements during 15 and 16th centuries
brutality and disease killed most of the indians when spaniards tried to use them for forced labor
explain one historical event or development in the period 1820-1860 that influenced the westward movement from the states along the atlantic coast
building of canals and railroads that established common markets between the west and the east coast (railroads were critical for carrying passengers and freight starting 1830s, and eerie canal)
one specific disadvantage the colonies had under british mercantilism 1607-1754
chesapeake farmers could only sell their rops to england, so they had to accept low prices for their crops (example is in 1660s high production caused low tobacco prices and brought hard times to chesapeake, maryland, and VA)
what best summarizes the attitude toward religious beliefs expressed in the maryland act of toleration
christians should be able to practice their faith without fear of persecution
Intolerable Acts
colonists' name for Coercive Acts (1774), that punished people of MA. Port act closed boston's port until destroyed tea was paid for, administration of justice act allowed royal officials to be tried for crimes in britain instead of in colonies
one specific criticism of a compromise passed at the constitutional convention that would have altered the development of the US
commercial compromise: if export taxes would have been allowed, then the south would have made less of a profit off of exporting tobacco and rice, and been less dependent on their exports
explain one additional cause that led to european colonization in the americans during the 15th and 16th centuries
competition for foreign trade among new small kingdoms (instead of huge empires), and the closing of land route to asia when ottoman turks seized control of constantinople in 1453
one specific part of the confederate strategy to counteract the union strategy illustrated here (scott's anaconda plan)
confederates' strategy was war of attrition, in which they were trying to make the war last as long as possible and be as costly as possible so that the people of the union would turn against lincoln and repubs, force them to quit the war.
bacon's rebellion was initiated by a group of farmers who felt most directly threatened by
conflicts with american indians
opponents of douglas's views in this excerpt were mainly concerned that
congress was repealing a law that had held the union together for more than 30 years
based on the excerpt, one difference between columbus and coronado was that coronado had little interest in
converting the natives to christianity
increases in what contributed most to john locke's ideas about a govt consisting of free men
criticism of the idea of abolute monarchy
explain how one historical event or development 1776-1789 supports hofstadter's interpretation
debate on bill of rights: anti feds objected to constitution bc they wanted to prevent another tyrannical govt like britain from violating their rights. shows they cared more about individual rights than economic interests
the statement that "british subjects in america are entitled to the same rights and privileges as their fellow subjects in britain" indicates that the writers of this document believed that colonists should
demand that parliament reduce their overall level of taxes
one historical event or development that supports genovese's interpretation
despite the hard, hopeless circumstances of enslaved life, African Americans maintained a strong sense of family and religious faith as a form of protest
A)briefly explain one specific factor that contributed to the lack of manufacturing in the south during the first half of the 1800s (252)
development of textile mills in england, and eli whitney's cotton gin, made cotton so profitiable that it made it the south's chief economic activity
one of the primary reasons washington and others warned against political paraties was concern about
divisive sectionalism
one historical event or development 1848 - 1861 that could be used to support brinkley's interpretation
dred scott decision supports brinkley's view that national policy matters were the cause of division bc, when the supreme court delivered its decision, which inclyded a policy decision that it was unconstitutional to exclude slavery from new territories, it caused thousands of dems to vote republican, and left northern dems without a way to come to a compromise over slavery (bc it outlawed popular sovereigty). this shows it was policy matters related to expansionism that incited division and inability to compromise
one specific cause of religious revivalism in the mid 18th century
early 18th century, protestant sermons portrayed god as the creator of a perfect universe, gave less emphasis to human sinfulness and damnation, causing great awakening movement of fervent expressions of religious feeling among the masses
explain one historical development that contributed to the perspective presented by washington
economic discrimination that became widespread thorughout south after reconstruction ended in 1870s and they struck down protections contributed to washington's perspective bc it kept many african americans out of skilled trades and factory jobs. this caused washington to advocate for african americans to seek their own trade schools and be able to climb the ranks financially
one factor that accounts for the difference in fed govt actions during the two periods
election of 1866, repubs branded southerners and dems a party of rebellion and treason, and repubs then won a significant victory in election. republicans then had a more than 2/3 majority in the house and senate, which allowed the to take more radical reconstruction acts
explain one specific action of lincoln during the civil war that supports the view that he was one of the most democratic presidents
emancipation proclamation in july 1862, lincoln used his power to free all enslaved people in the confed states outside union control
explain one perspective expressed by emerson on the reform movements in the mid 1800s
emerson encouraged america to create its own distinctive culture apart from europe as an exension of his support for the concept of independent thinking
one specific example of how the spanish managed their american colonial empire during the 15th and 16th centuries:
encomienda or spanish caste system are possible answers. Spanish caste system established a hierarchy based on heritage to assign status to those in the colonies. First were pure blooded spaniards, then were several levels of people according to their mixture of european, native, and african heritage, and at the bottom were people of pure indian or black heritage
winthrop's position about territory in oregon was based primarily on his desire to
end all british power in north america
one historical event or development leading up to independence that challenged the views expressed here by Abigail Adams (view: that people are prejudiced to ancient customs and regulations, and will always abuse power)
enlightenment idea of social contract (concept that power to rule came from below, not above) became popular and had deep influence on educated americans in 1760s and 1770s leading up to independence, showing that people were changing their idea of how power and government worked
at the time this excerpt was written , in which of the following was the largest amount of southern capital invested?
enslaved people who performed mostly agricultural labor
one historical action the colonies took in response to british mercantilism 1607-1754
esp in new england, colonists defied the regulatory laws imposed by british govt by smuggling goods from other countries
the british had earlier attempted to solve the problem expressed in excerpt by
establishing a boundary between indian lands and lands open for colonial settlement
what would best explain the british failure to follow the spanish and portuguese in exploring the new world
establishment of the church of england
explain one specific cause that led to european colonization in the americas during the 15th and 16th centuries:
european kingdoms' desire to spread their version of christianity (protestant vs roman catholic)
according to stannard, which of the following most accurately describes the context in which columbus lived? (17)
europeans believed they should spread christianity to people in other parts of the world
one historical event or development that supports stampp's interpretation
families could be separated at any time at the owner's discretion.
describe one way the economics of western farming changed in the period 1865-1898
farmers began raising single cash crops for national and international markets, and increased production of these crops drove down the prices and farmers' profits. this forced independent farmers to become tenants and sharecroppers
providion of the compromise of 1850 that appealed most to advocates for slavery was the one regarding
features of a new fugitive slave law
the ocala platform was primarily based on the belief that
fed income taxes fell mainly on avg working americans
one major difference between foner's and egerton's historical interpretations of the success or failure of reconstruction
foner says that reconstruction was successful bc it set up Black Americans to achieve equality in the future and allowed them to survive the oppression that would follow, whereas egerton says that reconstruction failed bc of white violence
one effect of contact between europeans and natives that is not consistent w columbus's narative of generosity and freedom towards natives
forced labor of natives under the Encomienda system established by the Spanish. In the passage Columbus says the natives will be "made free and converted ... more by love than by force," but the Encomienda system that was put in place allowed Spain's king to give plots of land in the Americans to Spanish colonists, along with ownership of whichever natives lived on that plot, so that the Spaniard could force the natives to work in mines or with crops and then benefit from the natives' labor
The NW ordinance established both an immediate and long lasting process for which of the following?
formation of new states
urban workers attempted to improve their conditions thorugh organized labor unions and
forming political parties
one specific example of the efforts of formerly enslaved african americans to use their freedom during the period of reconstruction
founded hundreds of independent Black churches after the war. black members left white dominated churches for their own baptist and african methodist episcopal churches, and black ministers became leaders in Black community
one specific way that france influenced the american revolution 1774-1783
france allied w american revolutionaries after their surprising victory at battle of saratoga bc france wanted to weaken britain, and france's alliance was decisive in war bc it widened the war and forced british to divert military resources away from america
one specific effect of a european country other than spain's policy toward native americans during the period 1492-1607
france: bc france viewed natives as economic and military allies (traded with them) instead of subjects to be dominated, and bc they had smaller presence (few colonists, farms, or towns), they posed less threat to the native population
stevans said "many complain of this tax, not so much on account of its amount, as bc it is for the benefit of others and not themselves. this is a mistake." this statment supported what position?
free public education would help everyone in a society
support for the war of 1812 was strongest among
frongier settlers who wanted more land from indians
one historical event or development 1840s that contributed to US victory in mexican war
general winfield scott led an army to invade central mexico, which succeeded in capturing mexico city. this forced mexican govt to agree to US terms
one specific reason for american expansionism 1840-1855
greater land opportunites with the purchase of oregon territory and LP, and bc of depleted soil in the east and low land prices in the west, there were better economic opportunities
What policy of Jefferson's reflects his attitude of bipartisanship towards the federalists
he attempted to gain trust of feds by continuing the national bank
How did Bartolome de Las Casas' attitudes compare to those of most europeans?
he was more sympathetic toward the suffering of indians
one specific effort by british authorities during 17th and early 18th centures to increase the population levels of colonists
headright system - virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for his own passage and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant's passage
the description of "a system of railroads and cheap transport already begins to supply the seaboard cities with some fruits of the fertile west" expresses which of the following visious of the united states
henry clay's plan for economic growth
hamilton's argument that a fed bank is constitutional is based on which of the following types of powers?
implied powers
the excerpt (about unions p 203) supports the argument that primary reason to form a union during the 1820s was to
improve working conditions so people would have better lives
explain how one event or development 1830-1860 supports wilentz
in 1834, general antonio lopez de santa anna became dictator of mexico and abolished mexico's fed system of govt, which led to the American settlers' revolt against mexico, which shows that americans were expanding democracy by revolting
explain one specific part or aspect of johnson's approach to reconstruction
in addition to lincoln's terms, johnson disenfranchised all former leaders and officeholders in confederacy and confederates with more than $20000 in property.
one example of historical evidence that supports the idea that it was mostly less wealthy brits who came to the new world
in early 1600s, england''s population was growing faster than its economy, so the number of poor and landless families was growing, and they were attracted to opportunities in americas
one specific govt response to the reform movements 1820-1860
in response to temperance movement, Maine became first state to prohibit sale of alcohol in 1851, and 12 states followed within the next decade
one historical event or development leading up to independence that led to the view expressed here by Abigail Adams
in the first two years of peace after 7 years war. king george the thir's chancellor and prime minister pushed through three acts that impeded on colonists' liberties (the first, sugar act 1764, was pushed through parliament along with a companion law that said that those accused of smuggling would be tried in admiralty courts by british judges without juries)
explain one specific historical development that led to the perspective expressed in the image
in the late 1800s, increased production of crops drove down prices and profits for farmers. then, railroads started charging discriminatory rates for the shipment of the crops, charging higher for small farmers and rebates for bigger shippers, further taking advantage of farmers.
one specific historical development or circumstance that led to the increase in african american enslaved population 1660-1780
increased demand for enslaved africans bc of reduced supply of immigrants from england (bc of increases of wages in england), dependable workforce (plantation owners disturbed by political demands of small farmers and indentured servants and disorders of bacons rebellion), and low cost labor (rice and indigo became most profitable crops, and they required many inexpensive, unskilled field hands)
which of the following groups is described in the sentence "from involuntary idleness, servile dependence, poverty, and useless labor he has passed tot oils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence" ?
indientured servants who became free after working for a master for several years
explain one effect that resulted from european colonization in americas during 15th and 16th centuries
introduced crops, livestock, and diseases to natives in americas (horses, sugar, wheat, chicken pox)
how did the great awakening influence the development of a democratic society in the colonies?
it had democratizing effect by changing the way people viewed authority. since people made their own religious decisions without the higher authority of ministers, they could also make thier own political decisions.
one historical event or development that supports remini's interpretation 1824-1844
jackson created the bureau of indian affairs in 1836 to assist resettled tribes, showing he was acting to benefit indians
explain how one person or group in the US 1789-1800 challenged the US govt's foreign policy
jefferson resigned from washington's cabinet when he issued proclamation of neutrality in 1793
explain one historical development that resulted from the perspectives presented by washington
jim crow laws (stemmed from 1896 plessy vs ferguson supreme court case that allowed for separate but equal. washington said african americans should focus on their jobs and not on challenging segregation, which encouraged separate but equal philosophy
finney's views (excerpt says christians must take a stand against slavery) would find the greatest support from whom among the following?
john quincy adams and others whos upported steps to end slavery
most direct initial cause of slavery was
landowners wanted more workers than were arriving from europe
what development in the 1600s supports the reference to servants john pory makes in the second paragraph?
large numbers of english citizens emigrated to the colonies as indentured laborers
as expressed in this excerpt (p 219) jackson's guiding principle to check "the injustices of govt" was
limited govt
one historical development or event 1861-1865 that supports horwitz
lincoln and north wanted to keep the border states in the union bc of military strategy, did not want confeds to gain their strength and population, so lincoln's emancipation proclamation in 1863 did not apply to the border states so that they wouldn't be tempted to join the south. this shows that the union's goal in the war was not simply to abolish slavery
explain how fed govt actions taken during reconstruction were different than fed govt actions taken during the civil war
lincoln put proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction inplace during the war (1863), saying that state could be reestablished and readmitted as soon as 10 percent of voters in the state took a oath of loyalty. in reconstruction acts of 1867, requirements to be readmitted to union were increased: state had to ratify 14th amendment and put guarantees in constitution to grant all males the right to vote
one specific effect of spain's policy toward native americans during the period 1492-1607
many natives died because spanish viewed natives as inferior and established encomienda system to use them as laborers, treat them brutally
which statement best explains the reason for the demand for "election of US senators by direct vote"
many voters felt that the Senate had become dominated by powerful business interests
one major difference between mcPherson's and horwitz's historical interpretations of the civil war
mcpherson says the north fought the civil war for the noble cause of eliminating slavery and redefining the country, whereas horwitz says the war was less noble, considering that the costs were so great and the north did not go into it with the pure intentions of ending slavery, nor did they even succeed in creating a truly free country
who would be most likely to agree with german's rubicon refernce?
merchants from new england
one historical event or development in the 1840s that contributed to causing mexican war
mexico and us disputed texas border, us saying it was farther south along rio grande. polk sent general zachary tayylor and his army toward rio grande (farther south border), so mexico captired the american army, which polk then used to justify sending war message to congress (it was approved).
the excerpt best illustrates whihc of the following issues of that time? (chief red cloud, p 363)
migrants and natives were clashing over tribal lands
the spoanish and portuguese explorers in the americas in the 1500s depended primarily on the support of
monarchs
who also led a group that was in a similar situation as paxton boys in excerpt
nathaniel bacon bc his supporters also wanted stronger govt action against indians
describe how one group of people were profoundly impacted by america's expanssionism 1800-1860
native americans had been promised western lands like black hills in south dakota in treaties, and settlers then encroached onto these lands bc of expansionism. They hunted the buffalo almost to extinction to make way for settlers and railroads, even thoguh they were primary souorce of food for natives
which of the following best explains the relationship of the united states govt and native american tribes before 1871
native americans had no legal status and were treated like foreigners
one example of a positive or negative result in the period 1789 - 1800 of the american foreign policy of avoiding the war
negative = jefferson's resignation from the cabinet in disagreement w policy (1793), positive = kept american out of a war it was not financially prepared or strong enough for
explain how one event or hsitorical development was used by opponents of going to war against britain in 1812
new england merchants opposed the war bc, after embargo act was repealed, they were making good profits from the european war.
According to the excerpt, one contrast between natives and europeans before contact was that (p 7)
no natives had certain military tech that were common in europe
one difference between cultures of natives in north america and those in central/south america 1491-1607
northern native societies included fewer people and had less complex social structures than those in mexico and south america. one reason was that corn spread more slowly into north america, and corn cultivation allowed for larger and denser settled populations which led to more socially diverse and specialized societies
explain one critic's response to Banneker's position(questions jefferson's support for slavery)
one critic's response is that at that time, Eli Whitney had invented the cotton gin, which made the cotton industry very productive with the work of enslaved African Americans. If the US had suddenly freed all slaves, the economy would have collapsed bc other industries in other areas also depended on the cotton.
explain how one historical event or development 1776-1789 supports beard's interpretation
one event that shows support for constitution was more dependent on personal interests was the three fifths compromise. southerners pushed for slaves to be counted in state populations so that they would have more representation and power.
one historical event or development in the period 1861 -1865 that resulted from the union strategy to win the war
one part of scott's plan for the union was to blockade confederate ports. this led to the Monitor vs Merrimac battle bc, during the peninsula campaign in 1862, the union's blockade was disrupted by the confed ship merrimac that sunk several union ships bc it was ironclad instead of wooden. the union's boat "Monitor", which was also ironclad, fought merrimac, and nded in a draw, but the monitor stopped merrimac from breaking the US naval blockade.
one reaction of natives to european policies during period 1492-1607
one reaction was to ally with one european power or another. Example: several tribes allied w the spanish to help them win their freedom from the aztecs in the 16th century
explain how one reason for or against the war of 1812 played a major role in US politics and policies after the war
one reason for the war, western americans' desire for more land on the frontier, caused the indians to be forced to surrender land to white settlement after the war bc they were abandoned by the british
explain one reason for Banneker's letter (p 154, questions jefferson's support for slavery)
one reason is the newly popular Enlightenment ideals of equality and liberty, which slavery defied. It was also an important question at the time because plantation owners wanted to expand slavery west to grow more cotton, while northerners wanted to settle these lands without competion from enslaved workers .
one specific way the market revolution caused the population to increase
opportunities in cities offered by industrial revolution attracted immigrants from europe
which of the following describes a reason not mentioned by strong in the excerpt (p 311) that discouraged britain from recognizing the confederacy
opposition to slavery among the british working class
explain one development in the period 1840 to 1854 that challenged the perspective expressed by the artist
passage of compromise of 1850, whcih provided for popular sovereignty in mexican cession territory
one historical event/developent 1754-1776 that supports the idea that the revolution was directly inspired and caused by England's actions after 1763
passage of stamp act in 1765, which was the first direct tax (collected by those who used the goods, not by merchants on imports), caused representatives from nine colonies to meet in NY in 1765 to form the "Stamp act congress," which resolved that only their own elected reps had the elgal authority to approve taxes). shows that britain's infringement on colonies' liberty after 1763 directly inspired efforts to form their own united govt
explain one specific strength that patriots had in the american revolution 1774-1783
patriots had a strong commitment to independence, so they were a solid core of people resilient enough to undergo hardships, whereas british were less motivated or passionate about the war
sugar act (1764)
placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries to regulate sugar trade and raise revenue
the remarks in the excerpt (p 251, says US needed to branch out from cotton) were directed toward what group
plantation owners whoprogited from proudicing crops they could sell overseas
Richard Henry Lee's concerns about new constitution expressed in excerpt would have been supported most by which of the following groups?
politicians who philosophically favored more local autonomy
which historical development illustrates the fulfillment of winthrop's argument?
polk negotiated a compromise with the british over oregon
explain one historical event or development in the period 1824-1840 that demonstrated the growth of political parties
popular campaigning: candidates in 1830s and 1840s had parades and marching bands and rallies with food and drink bc candidates had to direct their campaigns at common people bc of expanded suffrage
(p103) One specific perspective expressed by Abigail Adams in excerpt:
power, whether held by one monarch or by many people, is inevitably used to impede on others' liberties
explain one historical event or development that demonstrated jackson's view of the role of non white people in america
president used his exevutive power to stop antislavery literatyre from beign sent through the US mail. Southerners trusted that Jackson wouldn't extend democracy to african americans
explain one specific part or aspect of lincoln's plan for reconstruction
proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction 1863: a state govt could be reestablished and accepted as legit by the US president once 10 % of voters in the state took the loyalty oath
explain one specific part of henry clay's proposed american system
protective tariffs: would make imported goods more expensive, promote american manufacturing and raise revenue for the govt to build roads and canals
which of the following groups would have most likely supported levin's concern "to attain unity of national character"? p 288
protestants who viewed roman catholicism as a foreign faith
views of stevens on education were most similar to those of whic of the following groups during the colonial era
puritans in new england
which of the following best demonstrates a change or condition that reflected grady's hopes for the south
railroads, textile mills, and steel factories developed
one specific way the market revolution caused changes in the urban areas
rapid growth of cities as people moved to urban areas for industrial jobs, which caused slums to expand (crowded housing, poor sanitation, infectious diseases, hgih rates of crime)
one historical event or development 1754-1800 that supports Van Cleve (stalemate)
ratified in 1781, the AOC didn't give the national govt the power to tax. This caused the ineffective governing Van Cleve describes bc the natl govt had massive debts from the war, but couldn't implement taxes to pay them. The unpaid debts caused bad credit and reduced foreign trade for the US.
The victor in the 1876 presidential election was decided by
recommendation of a special electoral commission
which of the following statements best describes the issues causing the sentiments expressed in the excerpt
reformers in many states were advocating for publicly funded education
explain why one region opposed the american system 1800-1848
regions other than north (south and west) opposed protective tariffs bc it made goods more expensive for the consumer, but only protected the manufacturers, which were in the n orth
the intentions of the english government in passing the molasses act were most similar to the intentions motivating ___
regulations imposed by the dominion of new england
describe one major difference between remini's and wallace's historical interpretations of jackson's indian removal policies
remini said jackson removed indians out of concerns the indians, whereas wallace says jackson removed them purely out of a desire to harass indians and take their land
dems agreed to accept Rutherford B Hayes as president in 1876 bc he agreed to
remove fed troops from the south
this excerpt provides support for the argument that hamilton believed the articles of confederation should be
replaced w a new constitution
quartering act 1765
required colonists to provide food and living quarters for british soliders stationed in colonies
Stamp Act of 1765
required revenue stamps be placed on most printed paper to raise money for british military forces in colonies. it was the first direct tax paid by people, instead of by merchants on imports.
which of the following was most important in enabling the Dem party to regain political power in the south
restrictions on the voting rights of freedmen
what colony practiced greater religious tolerance than the excerpt about maryland calls for?
roger williams' rhode island
the authors of the maryland act of toleration were primarily trying to protect which of the following religious groups?
roman catholics who felt threatened by growing numbers of protestant settlers
thoreau's ideology about the individual and society was most similar to
sam adam's ideas about the tactics colonists should use to win independence
explain one historical event or development 1820-1860 that supports appleby's interpretation(p 233)
second great awakening instpired social reform movements like the efforts to reduce drinking end slavery, and provide better treatment for poeple with mental illness. activist religious groups drove many reform movements during the era
what section of virginia declaration fo rights 1776 was the most direct reason for conflicts between VA and british govt?
section 2: legitimate government power comes from the people
what section most clearly reflected a belief in the social contract theory of govt?
section 2: origins of govt power
describe one specific way that washington's policies were similar to the goals of the new south movement
similar bc both wasignton and new south movement advocated for self sufficiency in economy. washington's Atlanta Compromise said that both black and white southerners should focus on making their region prosper, just like goals of new south
immieate response to the passing of the molasses act was an increase in
smuggling by new england merchants
grady's comments best express the viewpoint of which group?
southerners who advocated developing a new south
to which politician or politicians was clay directing the last line of the second excerpt?
southerners who were threatening to secede
one factor that influenced the spanish in their treatment of native americans during 15th and 16th centuries
spanish believed that natives were inferior bc they were not converted to catholicism, which meant that they treated them as slaves and free laborers instead of as fellow humans
One major difference between Stampp's and Genovese's historical interpretations of the nature of slavery p 246
stampp says that slavery ruined the slaves' culture and social order, whereas genovese says that slavery did not disrupt African Americans' opportunities to have a family, nor did it force them to lead especially hard lives
explain how one legal change impacted the cultural life of the colonies and the US 1754-1800
state laws abolished legislature's ability to grant aristocratic titles, which weaked aristocracy. also, legislature ended feudal practice of primogeniture (first born son inherits land), changing power structure of cultural life
one reason immigrants had for settling in one specific region of the country 1830-1860
stayed in northern seacost cities where they landed instead of journeyeing south bc the plantation economy and slavery limited opportunities for free labor
one specific effect the immigrantes who settled in the US 1830-1860 had on the development of the country
strengthened the economy by providing both a steady stream of inexpensive labor and an increased demand for mass produced consumer goods
describe one way the mining frontier changed 1865-1898
strikes created boomtowns that served the mines, in which saloons and vigilante justice were common. many of these were abandoned after the gold or silver ran out, however. the mining towns that continued to be inhabited became industrial cities
one way in which puritanism influenced development of new england from 1630 to 1685
strong religious convictions led Puritan leaders to be intolerant of anyone who questioned their religious teachings or did not fully commit to puritanism, so many settlers who were not puritan were banished to settlements of rhode island and connecticut (example is roger williams, who was banished and founded colony of RH for freedom of religion)
explain how one specific group 1824-1840 did not share in the spread of demovracy and the politics of the common man
suffrage was only extended to white males, leaving the restrictions for other races and for women
explain one specific action of lincoln during the civil war that supports the view that he was one of the most autocratic presidents
suspended the law of habeas corpus under solely his own authority bc congress was not in session
craftworkers and artisans in the 1820s were most negatively affected by
technological changes
explain one consequence of mexican war for US
terms of treaty of guadalupe hidalgo 1848 were favorable to US, and let US take possession of former mexican provinces of CA and NM (mexican cession). bc these were below missouri compromise line, they were regionos into which slavery couold expand
explain how one compromise passed at the constitutional convention altered the development of the US
the Three Fifths Compromise altered the development of the US by giving the south more delegates, even though the slaves couldn't vote, which gave the state a higher level of representation
what best explains why thoreau stated that "under a govt which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison?"
the US was at awar with mexico, which some people supported as an effort to extend slavery
what action by the colonists is most similar to the one recommended by VA legislature to stop imports from britain
the actions taken by MA legislature in response to the passing of the townshend acts (boycotted goods)
sojourner truth saw connections between women's rights movement and
the antislavery movement
Hamilton's comment that "there is something diminutive and contemptible in the prospect of a number of petty states with the appearance only of union" is a criticism of
the articles of confederation
which of the following actions by the confederates was the first sign of their rejection of lincoln's words in the excerpt above? (p 302)
the attack on fort sumter by south carolina
explain one perspective expressed by the author of this political cartoon
the author sees gen winfield scott's strategy for the union as slow progress and long term, bc it uses an anaconda, which squeezes its victims to death. (his plan was called anaconda plan for that reason)
describe one way the cattle frontier changed 1865-1898
the cattle frontier became more tame and industrial by the 1890s. after the civil war, cowboys would drive the cattle up from texas to the railroads through the midwest, where they would be sold. but cattle drives were replaced with ranches and scientific techniques for raising cattle bc homesteaders used barbed wire to cut off their land, and winter blizzards and droughts in the 1880s .
which of the following ideas best describes what douglas is proposing in this excerpt (his speech defending KA NE bill page 295)?
the concept of popular sovereignty
the clearest way to refute the answer given in the excerpt to the question "what then is the american, this new man?" would be to point out the important role of (p 148)
the enslaved African Americans who worked on plantations
event/development that supports marshall
the fed govt began assigning plains tribes defined tracts of land w boundaries at their Fort Laramie and Fort Atkinson councils in 1851. most tirbes refused to be restricted in their movements and continued to follow the buffalo, which led to the fighting and conflict w us army
describe one perspective about railroads expressed through the image(p 356)
the image shows the perspective of farmers who were indebted and exploited by railroads, trying to tell the middleclass businessmen who worked for the railroads about how corrupt and exploitative the railroad corporations were
which of the following s the best support for German's claim that the US has "abundant cause for war"
the impressment of the US sailors (by the british)
The resolutions of the stamp act congress in 1765 was primarily directed to which person or group?
the king
Las Casas was primarily trying to influence ___ by describing spaniards' treatment of indians
the monarchs of spain who shaped colonial policies
hamilton's comments in the excerpt were similar to his concerns about
the need to repay state debts after the war
which of the following process provided the best model for how the principles expressed in article 3 of NW Ordinance could work? (article 3 = good faith observed towards indians, their lands and property never taken away from them w/o their consent)
the negotiations between american indians and colonsits in PA in the 17th century
the development of commercial farming in the old NW contributed to increases in
the number and size of towns and cities
The Ocala Platform proved an important link between the alliance movement and which of the following later groups
the populists
one of the outcomes of the farewell address was
the precedent of the two term limit
one specific historical event, development, or circumstance 1491-1607 that could be used to support the idea that the columbian exchange fueled the industrial revolution (18)
the rise of capitalism that replaced feudalism, beginning in the 16th century. As trade and crop production in the New World increased, the economic system in Europe became more oriented around capital than land because this trade was so profitable. The system of capitalism is a corner stone of the industrial revolution and thus supports this idea
which of the following developments most directly supports the claim in the excerpt that "the old party lines are nearly obliterated"
the rise of new parties such as the workingmen's party
one specific historical event, development, or circumstance 1491-1607 that could be used to support the idea that the columbian exchange increased land productivity in europe
the significant population growth that Europe experienced as a result of the Columbian Exchange, starting in the 16th century. As crops like potatoes and beans were brought from the New World, Europeans' food sources became more secure and diversified, which allowed for populations to grow.
In July of 1861, President Lincoln was particularly concerned about how his policies on slavery would affect which areas?
the states in white bc they were slave states that remained in the union
sojourner truth most clearly rejects criticisms of women that are based on which of the following?
the teachings of religion
what would best serve as the basis for modifying or refuting hamilton's position expressed in the excerpt
the tenth amendment, which reserves powers to the states
why was the period of expansion between 1842 and 1853 so significant to development of US
the us established borders that still exist today
B) one specific advantage the north ahd over the south in developing manufacturing durin the first half of the 1800s
the value of a slave rose to almost $2000 while a typical wage for a laborer was $1 a day, making enslaved field hands a heavy capital investment. this meant the south had much less capital than the north to undertake industrialization
how successful were levin and hsi supporters in the mid 19th century
they formed a secretive society that evolved into a political party
which of the following statements best describes the states in the medium grey (northeast)
they included most of the country's population
which of the following statements best describes the states in dark gray (south)
they were fighting a defensive war
The group most likely to oppose the ideas expressed in this excerpt would have been
tories such as william franklin, bc they supported the british
explain one social or political response to the conflict over slavery in the 1850s
underground railroad was a social response to fugitive slave law of 1850 and other pro slavery measures. The UR was a network of activists, many of whome were free or escaped African Americans who helped slaves escape from the south to the north or canada.
remarks in the excerpt (new york journal of commerce 1829) were most likely made in response to which of the following?
universal white male suffrage
explain how one specific group 1820-1860 did not benefit from the westward movement
west was made available through military campaigns by federal troops that drove american indians from the land
one historical development or event 1861-1865 that supports mcpherson
when congress tried to appease southern secessionists with crittenden compromise that allowed slavery everywhere south of 36 30 line, lincoln struck down hopes of appeasement by saying the compromise was unacceptable bc it violated the republican position against expanding slavery into the territories. this shows that the war was fought with slavery at stake from the beginning, like mcpherson says.
explain how one historical event or development demonstrated the efforts of president andrew jackson to increase the powers of the fed govt
when south carolina held a convention where it passed a resolution forbidding collection of tariffs within the state, hackson persuaded congress to pass the force bill, which gave him authority to act against south carolina
one specific contrast between language families among native americans and europeans 1491-1607
while almost all euro languages were part of one language family, indo-european, american indian languages made up more than 20 language families.
explain one major difference between wilentz's and hahn's historical interpretations of manifest destiny
wilentz says manifest destiny motive was simply a pure will to spread democratic values to areas that did not yet have them, whereas hahn says that they did not care to soread genuine democracy but instead wanted to eliminate racial mixing, catholicism, etc
one specific development in the opposition to slavery 1820-1860
william lloyd garrison began publishing abolitionist newspaper, the liberator, in 1831, which started the radical abolitionist movement. Garrison called for uncompromising abolition of slavery everywhere, without compensating the owners.
One major difference between wineapple's and brinkley's historical interpretations of manifest destiny
wineapple says expansionism was used by southerners to gain power in congress, whereas brinkley sees manifest destiny as having incited the division between north and south bc of the policy questions it brought up
A major part of the Confederate strategy for winning independence was based on
winning recognition and support from great britain
one additional factor shaped american culture or character 1865-1898
with closing of frontier era, americans became more concerned about loss of public lands. passed forest reserve act of 1891 and other acts to conserve and regulate the use of natural resources.