APUSH period 3 CB Multiple choice
The rough map above was used by Thomas Jefferson to
begin planning the division of federal lands into new states
"The petition of a great number of blacks detained in a state of slavery in the bowels of a free and Christian country humbly showeth that . . . they have in common with all other men a natural and inalienable right to that freedom which the Great Parent of the Universe has bestowed equally on all mankind, and which they have never forfeited by any compact or agreement whatever. . . . ". . . Every principle from which America has acted in the course of her unhappy difficulties with Great Britain pleads stronger than a thousand arguments in favor of your petitioners. They therefore humbly beseech your honors to give this petition its due weight and consideration, and cause an act of the legislature to be passed, whereby they may be restored to the enjoyment of that [freedom] which is the natural right of all men." Petition to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, January 1777 Question Arguments such as that in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following in the nineteenth century? Responses
A growing sectional divide about slavery and its expansion
"'I ordered my company to fire,' [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754-60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756-63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: 'The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.'" Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997 Question Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) in North America? Responses
Intensified competition between France and Britain over colonies
Which of the following contributed most directly to the change in the number of Africans transported to the New World after 1800? Responses
The outlawing of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States
"We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . . "We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. "In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms." Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775 Question Which of the following most immediately built on the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
The publication of the pamphlet Common Sense
By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in
the people
"We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . . "We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. "In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms." Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775 Question Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to challenge the assertion in the excerpt that British attacks on the colonists had been "unprovoked"?
A series of popular boycotts, mob protests, and violence against royal officials
"[George] Washington's gratitude was genuine . . . but the fact remains that the members of the association, who had embarked on a very unfeminine enterprise, were ultimately deflected into a traditional domestic role.... Ironically and symbolically, the Philadelphia women of 1780, who had tried to establish an unprecedented nationwide female organization, ended up as what one amused historian has termed 'General Washington's Sewing Circle.' "Male Revolutionary leaders too regarded women's efforts with wry condescension. . . . The women, on the other hand,... could reflect proudly that 'whilst our friends were exposed to the hardships and dangers of the fields of war for our protection, we were exerting at home our little labours to administer to their comfort and alleviate their toil.'" Mary Beth Norton, historian, "The Philadelphia Ladies Association," American Heritage, 1980 Question Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to support the argument in the excerpt?
Correspondence between husbands and wives involved in Revolutionary politics
"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 Question Which of the following contributed most directly to the enactment of the law in the excerpt?
Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)
"[George] Washington's gratitude was genuine . . . but the fact remains that the members of the association, who had embarked on a very unfeminine enterprise, were ultimately deflected into a traditional domestic role.... Ironically and symbolically, the Philadelphia women of 1780, who had tried to establish an unprecedented nationwide female organization, ended up as what one amused historian has termed 'General Washington's Sewing Circle.' "Male Revolutionary leaders too regarded women's efforts with wry condescension. . . . The women, on the other hand,... could reflect proudly that 'whilst our friends were exposed to the hardships and dangers of the fields of war for our protection, we were exerting at home our little labours to administer to their comfort and alleviate their toil.'" Mary Beth Norton, historian, "The Philadelphia Ladies Association," American Heritage, 1980 Question During and immediately after the Revolutionary era, which of the following resulted most directly from the efforts of women such as those described in the excerpt?
During and immediately after the Revolutionary era, which of the following resulted most directly from the efforts of women such as those described in the excerpt?
"From infancy I was taught to love humanity and liberty. Inquiry and experience have since confirmed my reverence for the lessons then given me, by convincing me more fully of their truth and excellence. Benevolence towards mankind excites wishes for their welfare, and such wishes endear the means of fulfilling them. Those can be found in liberty alone, and therefore her sacred cause ought to be espoused by every man, on every occasion, to the utmost of his power. . . . "These being my sentiments, I am encouraged to offer you, my countrymen, my thoughts on some late transactions, that in my opinion are of the utmost importance to you. . . . "If the BRITISH PARLIAMENT has a legal authority to order, that we shall furnish a single article for the troops here, and to compel obedience to that order; they have the same right to order us to supply those troops with arms, clothes, and . . . to compel obedience to that order also. . . . What is this but taxing us at a certain sum, and leaving to us only the manner of raising it? How is this mode more tolerable than the STAMP ACT?" John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, 1768 Question Which of the following would have been most likely to agree with the sentiments expressed in the excerpt? Responses
Merchants in New England
"[George] Washington's gratitude was genuine . . . but the fact remains that the members of the association, who had embarked on a very unfeminine enterprise, were ultimately deflected into a traditional domestic role.... Ironically and symbolically, the Philadelphia women of 1780, who had tried to establish an unprecedented nationwide female organization, ended up as what one amused historian has termed 'General Washington's Sewing Circle.' "Male Revolutionary leaders too regarded women's efforts with wry condescension. . . . The women, on the other hand,... could reflect proudly that 'whilst our friends were exposed to the hardships and dangers of the fields of war for our protection, we were exerting at home our little labours to administer to their comfort and alleviate their toil.'" Mary Beth Norton, historian, "The Philadelphia Ladies Association," American Heritage, 1980 Question The women described in the excerpt would have most typically engaged in which of the following activities during the Revolutionary era?
Producing goods for the Patriot cause
"As its preamble promised, the Constitution would 'ensure domestic tranquility' by allowing the federal government to field an army powerful enough to suppress rebellions like those that had flared up in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and other states. Even more important, the Constitution would 'establish justice' by preventing the state assemblies from adopting relief measures that screened their citizens from either their Continental taxes or their private debts. . . . Excoriating [harshly criticizing] the legislatures for collecting too little money from taxpayers, the bondholders and their sympathizers noted with approval that the Constitution would take the business of collecting federal taxes away from the states and place it firmly in the hands of a powerful new national government." Woody Holton, historian, "'From the Labours of Others': The War Bonds Controversy and the Origins of the Constitution in New England," William and Mary Quarterly, 2004 Question Which of the following most directly resulted from concerns over the increased power of the federal government in the late 1700s?
Rebellions over the right to tax goods, such as the Whiskey Rebellion
"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Question Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s? Responses
Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies
The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following?
Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle.
A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above?
Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.
"That a British and American legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of America, be proposed and established in America, including all the said colonies; within, and under which government, each colony shall retain its present constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases whatsoever. "That the said government be administered by a President General, to be appointed by the King and a Grand Council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years." Joseph Galloway, "A Plan of a Proposed Union Between Great Britain and the Colonies," proposal debated by the First Continental Congress, 1774 Question The excerpt most strongly suggests that in 1774 which of the following was correct?
Some members of the First Continental Congress sought a compromise between submission to British authority and independence.
"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Question Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams' theory about the Revolution?
The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause
"The Anti-Federalists charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon them under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." Cecelia M. Kenyon, historian, "Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government," 1955 Question The Anti-Federalists' view of government power during the 1780s, as described in the excerpt, is best reflected by which of the following? Responses
The existence of many state constitutions that limited executive authority
"As its preamble promised, the Constitution would 'ensure domestic tranquility' by allowing the federal government to field an army powerful enough to suppress rebellions like those that had flared up in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and other states. Even more important, the Constitution would 'establish justice' by preventing the state assemblies from adopting relief measures that screened their citizens from either their Continental taxes or their private debts. . . . Excoriating [harshly criticizing] the legislatures for collecting too little money from taxpayers, the bondholders and their sympathizers noted with approval that the Constitution would take the business of collecting federal taxes away from the states and place it firmly in the hands of a powerful new national government." Woody Holton, historian, "'From the Labours of Others': The War Bonds Controversy and the Origins of the Constitution in New England," William and Mary Quarterly, 2004 Question Which of the following historical events in the 1790s most directly followed from the developments described in the excerpt? Responses
The federal government established a new economic policy in part by assuming states' debts from the American Revolution.
"As its preamble promised, the Constitution would 'ensure domestic tranquility' by allowing the federal government to field an army powerful enough to suppress rebellions like those that had flared up in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and other states. Even more important, the Constitution would 'establish justice' by preventing the state assemblies from adopting relief measures that screened their citizens from either their Continental taxes or their private debts. . . . Excoriating [harshly criticizing] the legislatures for collecting too little money from taxpayers, the bondholders and their sympathizers noted with approval that the Constitution would take the business of collecting federal taxes away from the states and place it firmly in the hands of a powerful new national government." Woody Holton, historian, "'From the Labours of Others': The War Bonds Controversy and the Origins of the Constitution in New England," William and Mary Quarterly, 2004 Question Which of the following issues did the framers of the United States Constitution most directly address? Responses
The strengthening of central government powers
"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 Question Which of the following was the American colonists' immediate response to the attempts of the British Parliament to enforce the claims made in the excerpt? Responses
They initiated boycotts of imported British goods.
"The Anti-Federalists charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon them under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." Cecelia M. Kenyon, historian, "Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government," 1955 Question During the constitutional ratification process, Anti-Federalists' concerns, as described in the excerpt, were most directly addressed by an agreement to Responses
adopt the Bill of Rights
"We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . . "We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. "In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms." Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775 Question The British Crown's response to actions like those in the excerpt was to
declare the American colonies to be in open rebellion
"'I ordered my company to fire,' [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754-60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756-63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: 'The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.'" Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997 Question Britain attempted to pay for the debt resulting from the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) by
increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies
"That a British and American legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of America, be proposed and established in America, including all the said colonies; within, and under which government, each colony shall retain its present constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases whatsoever. "That the said government be administered by a President General, to be appointed by the King and a Grand Council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years." Joseph Galloway, "A Plan of a Proposed Union Between Great Britain and the Colonies," proposal debated by the First Continental Congress, 1774 Question The key concern that Galloway's plan was designed to address was the
lack of American representation in the British Parliament
"Threatened by popular political victories [in the states] and widespread resistance, many elite Pennsylvanians launched an effort to remake the state and national governments so that they were less democratic. . . . Popular policies and resistance . . . threatened elite ideals. . . . Popular calls for a revaluation of war debt certificates, bans on for-profit corporations, progressive taxation, limits on land speculation, and every other measure designed to make property more equal promised to take wealth away from the elite. . . . It was also threatening that popular politics frightened off potential European investors. . . . [They] were alarmed by the Pennsylvania legislature's 1785 [cancellation] of the Bank of North America's corporate charter. . . . . . . The push for the Constitution was based in part on the belief that state governments across the new nation had been too democratic and, as a result, had produced policies . . . that threatened elite interests. Most of the men who assembled at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 were also convinced that the national government under the Articles of Confederation was too weak to counter the rising tide of democracy in the states." Terry Bouton, historian, Taming Democracy: "The People," the Founders, and the Troubled Ending of the American Revolution, 2007 Question One piece of evidence Bouton uses to support his argument about why some United States political leaders sought to replace the Articles of Confederation in 1787 was that they
opposed the economic policies that some state legislatures pursued
"The emancipation of slaves in New England, beginning around 1780, was a gradual process, whether by post nati statute [laws freeing enslaved people born after a certain date], as in Rhode Island and Connecticut, or by effect, as in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, where ambiguous judicial decisions and constitutional interpretations discouraged slaveholding without clearly outlawing it. The gradual nature of the process encouraged Whites to transfer a language and set of practices shaped in the context of slavery to their relations with a slowly emerging population of free people of color. The rhetoric of antislavery and revolutionary republicanism fostered this transfer, undergirding Whites' assumptions that emancipated slaves, likely to be dependent and disorderly, would constitute a problem requiring firm management in the new republic. . . . "Even more problematic was the promise implicit in antislavery rhetoric that abolition, by ending 'the problem'—the sin of slavery and the troublesome presence of slaves—would result in the eventual absence of people of color themselves. In other words, Whites anticipated that free people of color, would, by some undefined moment (always imminent), have disappeared." Joanne Pope Melish, historian, Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and "Race" in New England, 1780-1860, published in 1998 Question The author claims in the excerpt that antislavery rhetoric in the late eighteenth century was based on
the belief that emancipated people would not be a presence in society
