APUSH Progressive Era MCQ

8. Jacob Riis's principal involvement in the reform movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was his effort to (A) bar obscene materials from the United States mail system (B) organize the transfer of urban orphans to homes in rural areas (C) publicize poor housing and sanitation in urban tenements (D) establish special homes for juvenile delinquents (E) pass federal laws to end prostitution

(C) publicize poor housing and sanitation in urban tenements

5. A key goal of the Progressive movement was to (A) replace capitalism with socialism (B) transform the United States into an agrarian republic (C) use government power to regulate industrial production and labor conditions (D) eliminate class differences in the United States (E) bring about racial integration in public accommodations

(C) use government power to regulate industrial production and labor conditions

9. Which of the following best characterizes the muckrakers of the early twentieth century? (A) They were primarily concerned with racial issues. (B) They were mostly recent immigrants to the United States. (C) They were leading critics of urban boss politics. (D) Their influence on public opinion was greatest after the First World War. (E) They wrote primarily for an academic audience.

(C) They were leading critics of urban boss politics.

"To turn the administration of our civic affairs wholly over to men may mean that the American city will continue to push forward in its commercial and industrial development, and continue to lag behind in those things which make a city healthful and beautiful. . . . If women have in any sense been responsible for the gentler side of life which softens and blurs some of its harsher conditions, may they not have a duty to perform in our American cities? . . . [I]f woman would fulfill her traditional responsibility to her own children; if she would educate and protect from danger factory children who must find their recreation on the street . . . then she must bring herself to the use of the ballot—that latest implement for self-government." Jane Addams, "Why Women Should Vote," Ladies' Home Journal, 1910 1. The ideas expressed in the excerpt most clearly reflect the ideals of which of the following? (A) Progressivism (B) Conservatism (C) Expansionism (D) States' rights

(A) Progressivism

"To turn the administration of our civic affairs wholly over to men may mean that the American city will continue to push forward in its commercial and industrial development, and continue to lag behind in those things which make a city healthful and beautiful. . . . If women have in any sense been responsible for the gentler side of life which softens and blurs some of its harsher conditions, may they not have a duty to perform in our American cities? . . . [I]f woman would fulfill her traditional responsibility to her own children; if she would educate and protect from danger factory children who must find their recreation on the street . . . then she must bring herself to the use of the ballot—that latest implement for self-government." Jane Addams, "Why Women Should Vote," Ladies' Home Journal, 1910 2. The concerns Addams raises in the excerpt were most directly a reaction to which of the following? (A) Social injustice and rising economic inequality (B) The expansion of government regulation of corporations (C) The transformation of rural society by mechanized agriculture (D) Fears about the growing number of immigrants in the United States

(A) Social injustice and rising economic inequality

2. One reason early twentieth century muckrakers were able to have a significant impact on society was because (A) sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased (B) most citizens of the United States were already convinced that Jim Crow laws must be overturned (C) they had the sympathy and support of industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller (D) drought conditions in the Midwest drew attention to social problems (E) radio programs devoted to the problems in cities attracted wide listening audiences

(A) sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased

"All the fresh air that ever enters these stairs comes from the hall-door that is forever slamming, and from the windows of dark bedrooms that in turn receive from the stairs their sole supply of the elements God meant to be free.... The sinks are in the hallway, that all the tenants may have access—and all be poisoned alike by their summer stenches.... When the summer heats come with their suffering they have meaning more terrible than words can tell.... This gap between dingy brick-walls is the yard. That strip of smoke-colored sky up there is the heaven of these people.... A hundred thousand people lived in... tenements in New York last year." Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 1890 7. The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments? (A) The first Red Scare (B) Industrialization (C) The Great Depression (D) Reconstruction

(B) Industrialization

"Free should the scholar be,—free and brave. . . . We have listened too long to the courtly muses of Europe. . . . We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds. Then shall man be no longer a name for pity, for doubt, and for sensual indulgence. . . . A nation of men will for the first time exist." Ralph Waldo Emerson, transcendentalist writer, 1837 4. Which of the following developments best represents a logical extension of the ideas expressed in the excerpt? (A) The rise of big business in the Gilded Age (B) The expansion of participatory democracy in the Progressive Era (C) The rise of Social Darwinism in the late nineteenth century (D) The increasing support for the annexation of overseas territories

(B) The expansion of participatory democracy in the Progressive Era

6. Although Progressive Era reformers held different opinions about many issues of the day, they shared a belief in (A) the creation of a classless society (B) the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems (C) an ideal society based on shared ownership through voluntary organizations rather than increasing government power (D) the expanding role of the United States as an imperial power (E) the creation of an organization to promote international peace

(B) the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems

"The remedy for... inefficiency lies in systematic management.... The fundamental principles of scientific management are applicable to all kinds of human activities, from our simplest individual acts to the work of our great corporations.... At the works of Bethlehem Steel, for example,... thousands of stop-watch observations were made to study just how quickly a laborer... can push his shovel into the pile of materials and then draw it out properly loaded.... With data of this sort before him, . . . the man who is directing shovelers can first teach them the exact methods which should be employed to use their strength to the very best advantage." Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 6. Which of the following groups of people would have been most likely to oppose Taylor's management ideas? (A) Tenant farmers (B) Owners of large businesses (C) Factory workers (D) White-collar professionals

(C) Factory workers

"Hetch Hetchy Valley, far from being a plain, common, rock-bound meadow, as many who have not seen it seem to suppose, is a grand landscape garden, one of Nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. . . . The sublime rocks of its walls seem to glow with life, whether leaning back in repose or standing erect in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to storms and calms alike, their brows in the sky, their feet set in the groves and gay flowery meadows, while birds, bees, and butterflies help the river and waterfalls to stir all the air into music. . . . "This most precious and sublime feature of the Yosemite National Park, one of the greatest of all our natural resources for the uplifting joy and peace and health of the people, is in danger of being dammed and made into a reservoir to help supply San Francisco with water and light, thus flooding it from wall to wall and burying its gardens and groves one or two hundred feet deep. This grossly destructive commercial scheme has long been planned and urged . . . because of the comparative cheapness of the dam. . . . "That anyone would try to destroy [Hetch Hetchy Valley] seems incredible; but sad experience shows that there are people good enough and bad enough for anything. The proponents of the dam scheme bring forward a lot of bad arguments to prove that the only righteous thing to do with the people's parks is to destroy them bit by bit as they are able." John Muir,The Yosemite, published in 1912 4. Which of the following arguments could best be supported by the purpose of the excerpt? (A) Urbanization led to the transformation of the natural landscape in every part of the country. (B) Industrialization resulted in the use of fewer raw materials because of efficient production. (C) Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources. (D) Wartime mobilization contributed to the use of national parks for military purposes.

(C) Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources.

"Hetch Hetchy Valley, far from being a plain, common, rock-bound meadow, as many who have not seen it seem to suppose, is a grand landscape garden, one of Nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. . . . The sublime rocks of its walls seem to glow with life, whether leaning back in repose or standing erect in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to storms and calms alike, their brows in the sky, their feet set in the groves and gay flowery meadows, while birds, bees, and butterflies help the river and waterfalls to stir all the air into music. . . . "This most precious and sublime feature of the Yosemite National Park, one of the greatest of all our natural resources for the uplifting joy and peace and health of the people, is in danger of being dammed and made into a reservoir to help supply San Francisco with water and light, thus flooding it from wall to wall and burying its gardens and groves one or two hundred feet deep. This grossly destructive commercial scheme has long been planned and urged . . . because of the comparative cheapness of the dam. . . . "That anyone would try to destroy [Hetch Hetchy Valley] seems incredible; but sad experience shows that there are people good enough and bad enough for anything. The proponents of the dam scheme bring forward a lot of bad arguments to prove that the only righteous thing to do with the people's parks is to destroy them bit by bit as they are able." John Muir,The Yosemite, published in 1912 3. The excerpt could best be used to explain the significance of which of the following historical situations? (A) The impact of segregation in the South (B) The result of federal policies toward American Indian nations (C) The role of journalism in reform movements (D) The challenges faced by immigrants settling in the West

(C) The role of journalism in reform movements

3. Around 1920, the number of children aged 10 to 15 in the industrial workforce began to decline for which of the following reasons? (A) The Supreme Court sustained laws barring the interstate sale of goods produced by child labor. (B) Introduction of the minimum wage made child labor uneconomical. (C) The American birth rate declined, thus reducing the number of children available to work. (D) Factory owners advocated state child labor laws. (E) States began to require children to attend school until a certain age and to limit the ages at which they could be employed.

(E) States began to require children to attend school until a certain age and to limit the ages at which they could be employed.

1. The term "muckrakers" was used in the early twentieth century to refer to (A) laborers who worked in the meatpacking industry (B) baseball players who lost important games on purpose to collect large bribes (C) writers who wrote articles sympathetic to big business (D) captains of industry who defended the accumulation of wealth in lectures and pamphlets (E) journalists who wrote articles exposing political corruption and urban poverty

(E) journalists who wrote articles exposing political corruption and urban poverty

5. The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily (A) farmers interested in improving agricultural production (B) immigrant activities attempting to change restrictive immigration laws (C) representatives of industries seeking higher tariffs (D) workers concerned with establishing industrial unions (E) middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues

(E) middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues