APUSH Relationhip between the US and countries of Latin America Quiz

Causes of the Spanish-American War

1. The Cuban War led to a loss of $300,000,000 in trade between America and Cuba, while AMerican industires in Cuba were destroyed. 2. The SPanish butchered Cubans, with blood everywhere (even on the elderly), necessitating someone to restore peace. 3. Enrique Depuy DeLome, the Spanish minister, expressed sharp criticisms of President McKinley, trying to keep on good terms with supporters of Cuban revolutionaries while not making advancements in the assistance of Cuba (not fully committing), thus escalating Spanish-American tensions. 4. Even though DeLome resigned after outrage over his statement against the US, the American public was already inflamed. 5. The "yellow press" promised promoted AMericna asympathy for Cuban revolutionaries and disgust for Spanish rule, while playing up every incident that might lead to a break with Spain (promoted international manifest destiny). 6. The overexaggerated calls for war in the press, greatly exaggerating incidents in Cuba, confused the "patient citizen," but with its sprinkle of truth allowed for its ideas to be considered. 7. General Stewart L. Woodford, the American minister in SPain, called for the freeing of Cuba from Spain (either with autonomy, independence, or cession), confident that the present government is going "as far as it can."

On several occasions the US used the Monroe Doctrine to keep European countries out of the Western Hemisphere. What specific actions were taken in 1867, 1895, and 1903 to protect the Latin American countries?

1867: An American army forced France to withdraw its troops from Mexico in what came to be known as the "Maximilian Affair," named for Archduke Maximilian whom the French had made the Emperor of Mexico. 1895: The U.S. used the Monroe Doctrine to force Great Britain to accept an American offer to settle a boundary dispute between British Guiana and Venezuela. 1903: The United States protected Venezuela by persuading Italy, German, and Great Britain to peacefully settle the issue of overdue bank loans owed to them by Venezuela.

Latin American Countries Resent American Interference #1

At first the United State and the countries of Latin America were good friends. The Pan American Union was formed to promote friendship, trade, and understanding between the U.S. and the Latin American countries. Several events in the early 1900's led Latin America to distrust the United States: After building a great naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, the U.S. Navy built a second base on the island of Puerto Rico. When Colombia refused to accept an American offer of $10,000,000 for the right to build a canal through Panama, President Theodore Roosevelt sent a fleet of war-ships to help Panama win its independence from Colombia. Panama and the United States then signed an agreement which led to the construction of the Panama Canal.

Latin American Countries Resent American Interference #2

Colonel William C. Gorgas wiped out yellow fever and other tropical diseases in Panama which years earlier had helped ruin attempts by a French company to build a canal there. American army engineers under Colonel George W. Goethals completed the canal in 1913, and in the "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine, President Theodore Roosevelt announced that the U.S. could intervene in any Latin American country that was guilty of "wrongdoing" or whose government was weak and ineffective. Roosevelt's policy toward Latin America, popularly known as the "big stick policy," led to military intervention in the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Haiti, Honduras, Cuba, and Mexico. President Woodrow Wilson purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark in order to establish a naval base which would protect the Panama Canal.

From Isolationism to World Power #1

During the 1790's, President George Washington warned the American people to remain neutral in wars and disputes between other countries. The policy suggested by President Washington came to be known as "isolationism" because the United States isolated itself (kept itself apart) from foreign countries. Isolationism remained the basis of American foreign policy during most of the 1800's. The United States became much more involved in world affairs as a result of the Spanish-American War in 1898, as in the treaty that ended this war, the US acquired Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico.

Relations Improve Between the U.S. and Latin America

In 1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the Good Neighbor Policy which improved relations with Latin America by ending U.S. military intervention, promoting trade, and sending experts and economic aid to the region. In 1948 21 countries joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in order to provde for the defense of member nations, cooperate to solve problems between members, and work to achieve conomic, social, and cultural progress.

The United States Becomes Involved in Other Parts of Latin America #1

In the late 1800's and early 1900's, many Americans believed that the US should not get involved in world affairs, that it should continue to follow a policy of isolationism. But several presidents, including Theodore Roosevelt, favored an active role in the affairs of Latin America, the Far East, and other areas in order to protect U.S. interests. The U.S. Navy wanted bases in the Caribbean Sea, and Latin American nations sent sugar, bananas, coffee, and other products to the United States, while also providing American industries with war materials. American businessmen sold manufactured goods to the people of Latin America.

Puerto Rico Becomes a U.S. Territory

Spain ceded Puerto Rico, a beautiful island located in the Caribbean Sea to the east of Cuba, to the US at the end of the Spanish-American War. When the US acquired the island, most of the people were poor and could not read or write, causing the American government to spend large sums of money on roads, schools, hospitals, and sanitary facilities, giving Puerto Rico all of the rights of an American territory (e.g. the right of its people to become U.S. Citizens). The "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico" today governs itself but still remains a part of the US, electing its own governor and legislature while sending a delegate to the House in D.C. (many have favored complete independence while others have wanted to become the 51st state; overpopulation has forced many Puerto Ricans to come to the US in search of jobs).

Relations with Cuba

Spain gave Cuba its independence in the treaty that ended the Spanish-American War, but the U.S. Army remained in Cuba for several years after the war to help feed the people and build roads, railroads, hospitals, and schools. Major Walter Reed, an army doctor, proved that mosquitoes spread yellow fever (which took the lives of many Cubans), and Colonel William C. Gorgas led efforts to clean up the breeding grounds of the mosquitoes, while eliminating unsanitary conditions that caused disease and death. Cuba signed a treaty with the US which permitted the Americans to establish a naval base at Guantanamo Bay, as well as giving the US the right to intervene in Cuban affairs whenever law and order or the country's independence was threatened (with the US later interfering in Cuban affairs and causing Cuban people to resent them, with Cuba becoming more like an American "protectorate" than an independent country)

What did the "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine say?

The "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine said that the US could intervene in any Latin American country that was guilty of "wrongdoing" or whose government was weak and ineffective.

The United States Becomes Involved in Other Parts of Latin America #2

The US used the Monroe Doctrine on numerous occasions to keep European countries out of the Western Hemisphere. In 1867 an American army forced France to withdraw its troops from Mexico in what came to be known as the "Maximilian Affair," named for Archduke Maximilian, whom the French had made the Emperor of Mexico. The US used the Monroe Doctrine again in 1895 to force Great Britain to accept an American offer to settle a boundary dispute between British Guiana and Venezuela; in 1903 the US protected Venezuela by persuading Italy, Germany, and Great Britain to peacefully settle the issue of overdue bank loans owed to them by Venezuela.

Imperialism

The USA justified imperialism at the start of the 20th century: Between Civil War + WWI, expansionist US joined ranks of great world powers; before Civil War had repeatedly extended frontier + developed lucrative foreign trade with most of world and promoted American culture wherever they trveled. After the Civil ar, they rekindled this expansionism through building, managing, and promoting an overseas empire, with Europe carving up Africa and large parts of Asia and Oceania. With engineering advances such as the Suez Canal, British Trans-Indian railroad, and Russian Trans-Siberian Railway, while steampshios, machine guns, malaria drugs, and telegraphs facilitated the imperialists' task, while European political discourse's optimism gve way to pessimism and a sense of impending warfare informed by notions of racial conflict and srurvival of the fittest. This transformation made Americans feaer being "left behind," with "civilization and the advancement of the Anglo-Saxon race" being at stake (Henry Cabot Lodge of MA). Theodore Roosevelet = leading spokesman for imperialist cause in 1890s, and as president sought to consolidate this newfound power. People like Lottie Moon, in the late 19th century, went to China in the goal of "civilizing" them with Christianity, displacining Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism (when a "storm of persecution" against foreigners swept China in the 1890s, missionaries conceded that in "believing Jesus," girls and women alarmed men who worried that "disobedient wives and daughters" would no longer "worship the idols when told" (converts = beaten + missionaries/"foreign devils" ordered to move out) (converted very small amount of people). They felt that they had a superior religion and culture, although some, such as Moon, also wanted to stir up a "mighty wave of enthusiasm for Woman's Work for Woman," lobbying to recruit a band of ardent, enthusiastic, and experienced Chinese women (she began to stop being as derogatory and questioned Chinese oppression of women: sexual segregation, foot binding, arranged marriages, confinement). In the late 19th-early 20th centuries, American culture and influence was spread abroad

From Isolationism to World Power #2

The United States had entered the war in order to help Cuba win its independence from Spain. Our country now was much more interested in events taking place in the Far East and Latin America (made up of all of the countries of the Western Hemisphere that are located South of the United States, including Mexico, the island nations in the Caribbean Sea, and all of the countries of Central and South America).

The government of the US spent large sums of money to build schools, hospitals, roads, railroads, and sanitary facilities in various Latin American countries. Steps were also taken to wipe out yellow fever, malaria, and other tropical diseases. The US warned European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere, thus protecting the weaker countries there. Yet despite this aid and protection, the countries of Latin American eventually came to resent the US. Why did this happen?

The countries of Latin america came to resent the United States because of the US building navy bases in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and Puerto Rico, helping Panama win independence from Colombia for the right to build a canal, and eliminating yellow fever (which had protected Panama from the French), as well as because of the "Roosevelt Corollary" and "big stick policy," with the US interfering in any "weak" governments and purchasing the Virgin Islands for a naval base to protect the Panama Canal.

Imperialism #2

Three factors pushed the US to join the grab for land (also competing to gain a trade foothold in China): Economic competition for raw materials and markets for its manufactured goods. Political and military competition, based in pat of the creation of a powerful new navy. A belief in the racial and cultural superiority of the people of England and their descendants- which led many Americans to believe that the US had a mission to spread civilization and Christianity. They justified imperialism in the Philippines with gaining a foothold in Asia and building business ties with China.