APUSH Sem1

Indian Peace Commission (1867)

"remove cause of indian war"

Johnathan Edwards

"sinners in the hand of an angry god"

john bull

"uncle sam" of britain

Spanish Colonies

1/5 income goes to crown, people are temporary, all seen as one colony

Military Reconstruction Act (1867)

10 states left divided into 5 military districts

Lincoln's 10% Plan

10% of eligible voters pledge loyalty, elect new government (never used)

Prince Henry's Navigation school

1419, Portuguese exploration schools

Cartier

1535, establishes new france

Sir Walter Raleigh

1584, establishes Roanoke

Champlain

1603, looks for route to China, found Quebec in 1608

Jamestown

1607, problems with indians, swampland, bugs

Colonial america

1607-1776, jamestown - declaration of independence

fort albany

1614, first dutch colony

Jamestown Massacre

1622, native americans attack

2nd Virginia Charter

1624 - replaces old one and gives power to Crown

King Charles I

1625-40, Mass, Maryland, Connecticut, RI, NH

Massachusetts Bay Colony

1630, largest settlement group so far, non-seperatist, rivalry with plymouth

carolina colony

1663, royal colony created by Charles II, split in 1729

New York

1664 James II takes New Amsterdam

King Philip's War

1675 - conflict in American NE with natives

Bacons Rebellion

1676, backwoods westerns vs tidewater eastern

William Penn

1681 - founds Philadelphia, city of brotherly love

La Salle

1681, finds louisiana and gulf coast

Dominion of New England

1685-88 ; unification of 5 new england puritan colonies

King James II (Duke of York)

1685-88, Delaware and NJ split off PA

Glorious revolution

1688 - James II removed from the thrones

King George II

1720-1760, Georgia

Georgia

1733 - land given to james oglethorpe, buffer between SC and Florida

Albany Plan

1754 - 4 new england colonies attempt to unify

French and Indian War

1754-1763

fall of montreal

1760 - end of fighting in America

Treaty of Paris

1763 - ended french indian war, french cede canada + others

Stamp act congress

1765 - delegate from 9 colonies wrote declaration of rights and grievances

Stamp Act

1765 - first direct tax, official documents require stamp

declaration of rights and grievances

1765 - listen of problems with britain, respectful, written by stamp act congress

Virginia Resolves

1765 - patrick henry + virginia legislature denying parliaments right to tax colonists

Massachusetts Circular

1767 - 92 signatures to repeal townsend duties

Townsend Duties

1767 - replace stamp act, harsher

Boston Massacre

1770 - not actual massacre

Boston tea Party

1773 - americans threw tea into the Boston harbor

Tea Act

1773 - direct tax on tea

1st Continental Congress

1774 - 12 colonies (not georgia) meet and write declaration and resolves

declaration and resolves

1774 - 1st continental congress, calls them american, less respectful and very angry, response to intolerable acts

Intolerable / Coercive acts

1774 - remove Massachusetts legislature

Battle of Bunker (Breed's) Hill

1775 - first real battle, american loss but killed a lot

Battle of yorktown

1781 - Cornwallis retreats to Yorktown with Greene chasing from the S, Lafayette from the N, and GW blocks of Chesapeake, Cornwallis surrenders

Shay's Rebellion

1786 - led by Daniel Shays, mad about high taxes and no pay for veterans

Annapolis Convention

1786 - only 5 states showed up

Pinckney's treaty

1795 - settled the border and trade disputes with Spain

XYZ Affair + Quasi War

1798 - diplomats sent to France asked for a bribe to see Napoleon

Luoisiana Purchase

1803 - doubled size of america, bought from french, diplomats signed w/o consulting jefferson

Marbury v. Madison

1803 - john marshall and SC say congress cant decide what SC says, strike down part of judiciary act of 1789 determining jurisdiction of SC, established judicial review

Chesepeake Incident

1807 - british try to capture american ship the leopard, sailors resist, brings attention to problem

Non-Intercourse Act

1809 - cant trade with countries who have people actively fighting, opens up trade to latin america

Macon's Bill No. 2

1810 - will resume trade with whoever drops trade policies first, france or britain

General Van Rensselaer

1812: at niagara river, NY militia wont enter canada bc they dont support war

battle of the thames

1813 - tecumseh killed, americans advance on York

battle of plattsburgh

1814 - americans stop invasion of NY

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

1814 - andrew jackson fights indians follows ones escaping into spanish-florida, almost creates two front war

Hartford Convention

1814-15, federalists conspiring, send ultimatum to Pres. with list of amendments, want reason to secede, end of federalist party

Battle of New Orleans

1815 - british commander pakenham attacks, stopped by andrew jackson who happens to be there,

peace of ghent

1815- ends the war, takes time for news to reach capitol

"era of good feeling"

1815-24, only one political party

Rush-Bagot Agreement

1817 - remove navy from great lakes

2nd Great Awakening

1820s-40s, religious revival started in burned over district of NY

Tariff of Abominations

1828 tariff, made worse in 1832

antebellum south

1840-1860

"Gilded Age"

1870s - 1890s; looked good on the outside but had many problems

1st Battle of Bull Run

1st battle of civil war

Grover Cleveland

2 non-consecutive terms. 1: haymarket bombing, dawes act and interstate commerce act. 2:panic of 1893, pullmans strike, coxeys army, plessy v ferguson

Checks and Balances

3 branches of government each making sure others dont get too powerful, proposed by James Madison

Columbus

4 voyages for Spain, get wealth and converts

Filipino Insurrection

4 year aguinaldo-led resistance, guerilla warfare against gov't led by William Howard Taft who was appointed by teddy R

Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

50% of voters must take "Ironclad Oath" (vetoed)

Judiciary act of 1789

6 supreme court justices, creates lower federal courts, defines jurisdiction of each level

June 21, 1788

9th state ratifies the Constitution

Chisholm Trail

A former cattle trail from Texas to Kansas

Judicial Review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws, not explicitly given in constitution, assumed in Marbury v Madison in 1803

Article V (Constitution)

Amendment Process

Peter Cartwright

Best known circuit rider

Tweed Ring

Boss tweed led corruption in NY

Battle of Saratoga

Burgoyne meets Gen. Horatio Gates w/o backup from Howe, has to surrender

Jackson's cabinent

Calhoun is VP for first term, Van Buren is secretary of state then VP for second term

Captain Preston

Captain of the British soldiers in the Boston Massacre

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, most important and powerful justice

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

writ of mandamus

Court order directing an official to perform an official duty.

battle of quebec

Dec 31, 1775, benedict arnold attacks w/o montgomery, injured and defeated

Crossing the Delaware

December 25, 1776, washington crosses delaware river to surprise hessians, washington doesnt follow their retreat so he can protect Philly

Portuguese Explorers

Diaz, De Gama, Cabral

Article II (Constitution)

Executive Branch: qualifications, powers, electoral college

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the Constitution, promised to patrick henry and Va., written in 1791

Virginia Dare

First English child born in America

Albany Regency

First political machine in the US led by Martin Van Buren

4th Amendment

Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures

1st Amendment (Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses)

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

Citizen Genet

French diplomat, 1793 tries to draw america into war on frances side

Homestead Strike (1892)

Frick suspected union in US Steel, provoked strike and fired all strikers

the Battle of Tippecanoe

Gen. Harrison finds shawnee village vulnerable, massacres them

George Washington

General of the Continental Army, unanimously elected 1st president, establishes precedents and appoints federal judges and justices, establishes cabinent

Mount Vernon

George Washington's home

John Winthrop

Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, "City upon a Hill" sermon

The Great Administration (1869-1877)

Grant's administration when AA rights were protected, still scarred by scnadals

New Immigrants

Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, unskilled labor

eli whitney

Invented the cotton gin

Midnight Appointments

John Adams made judicial appointments in his last hours of presidency

Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer

John Dickinson - 1767/8 - no precedent for direct tax, no actual representation, solutions of representation or home rule

Second Treatise of Government

John Locke - 1690 - social contract

Article III (Constitution)

Judicial Branch: no qualifications, life term

george custer

Killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn when supposed to be scouting

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Admiral de Grasse

Leader of the French Navy aiding America

Battle of Antietam (1862)

Lee's first invasion of N, Burnside holds bridge w/o help, McClellan fired for second and final time

Article I (Constitution)

Legislative branch: qualifications, procedure, powers

Edwin Stanton

Lincoln's Secretary of War, protected by tenure of office act, fired which started impeachment process

14th Amendment

Makes former slaves citizens

Evacuation Day

March 17 1776, the day the British troops left (evacuated) Boston

8th Amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment

3rd Amendment

No quartering of soldiers

anaconda plan

Northern strategy to cut off south

Halifax

Nova Scotia, where british went after evacuation day

Pennsylvania

Penn family given land by Charles II, oldest son is Quaker so embarrassment, he goes to create colony

Constitutional Convention

Philadelphia in 1787, GW agrees to be chair, 55 men from 12 states (RI not there)

Federalism

Power divided between national and state governments

Calvinists

Predestination, followers of John Calvin

force bill

Pres can use troops if people dont pay tariff

Command of the Army Act (1868)

Pres. cant change commander of army w/o senate approval

Tenure of Office Act (1868)

Pres. cant remove cabinet member w/o senate approval

jefferson davis

President of the Confederacy

Foraker Act of 1900

Puerto Rico became "unincorporated territory", no citizenship

Queen Liliuokalani

Queen of Hawaii, reduces advantage for american planters

Queen Isabella

Queen of Spain, finished inquisition in 1491, approved Columbus' voyage to get converts

Credit Mobilier Scandal

RR company bribes Congressman and Grant's VP for contracts

The great awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

robber baron

Rich businessman who put other companies out of business

6th Amendment

Right to a fair, speedy trial

7th Amendment

Right to a trial by jury in civil cases

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

nullification crisis

SC secedes after tariff of 1832 passes

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Says that slaves are not citizens, slavery is ok bc of right to own property

Ostend Manifesto (1854)

Secret negotiation attempting to acquire Cuba

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory, go all the wat to pacific

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Separate but equal

Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890)

Sioux killed during ghost dance

border states

Slave states that did not secede

Herbert Spencer

Social Darwinism inventor

Cortez

Spanish, conquered Aztecs in 1520's

Pizarro

Spanish, conquered Incas in 1530's

Article VI (Constitution)

Supremacy Clause

election of 1900

TR made mckinleys VP so he isnt governor of NY, the mckinley is assassinated so TR is "accidental president"

"Rough Riders"

Teddy Roosevelt's volunteer regiments in spanish-american war

General Thomas Gage

The British Military Governor of Massachusetts, took troops to lexington and concord looking for weapons stockpile + sam adams and john hancock

5th Amendment (Due Process clause)

The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process

Clovis People

The earliest known people to inhabit the Americas

Mayflower Compact (november 11, 1620)

The first agreement for self-government in America, plymouth colony before they arrived, only rich white men signed

Middle passage

The journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas

Common Sense

Thomas Pains - Jan. 1776 - argues for independence

Adams-Onis Treaty

US gets florida, drops claims to texas (1819), spain drops claims on oregon

Platt Amendment (1901)

US gets guantanamo bay on lease cant interfere in cuban affairs whenever

Andrew Carnegie

US steel, wrote gospel of wealth, sold company, real rags to riches story

Monroe doctrine

US will stop foreign intervention in latin america

Battle of Long Island

William Howe's army + hessians take long island and then NYC (1776), washington's army runs away, not under orders

joseph smith

Wrote the Book of Mormon

William Marbury

a midnight judge that did not receive his commission

13th Amendment (1865)

abolished slavery

no double jeopardy

accuser cant appeal a decision that they lose

Thomas Hooker

adopted Fundamental Orders, founded Hartford (Conn.) in 1635

Jay Cooke and Co.

advised people to invest in a RR that failed, started Panic of 1873

John Wheelright

after Hutchinson so needs to be punsihed, banished 1639, founds New Hampshire

Annexation of Hawaii (1898)

after realizing revolution was probably fake, cleveland wont annex, eventually mckinley annexes

Pullman Strike (1894)

after wage cuts, governor Altgeld refused to send troops so attorney general olney does

anti-imperialist league

against treaty of paris and annexation of phillipines

Washington DC

agreement between hamilton and jefferson to move capitol closer to the S

court of appeals

appellate jurisdiction, appealed up from district court

Battle of Lexington and Concord

april 1775, start of revolutionary war

The Old Northwest

area given up by 1785, what first two land ordinances apply to

general hull

army surrenders in war of 1812 w/o shots fired, at lake erie

"Cross of Gold" speech

attacking gold standard/hard money

harpers ferry raid

attempted violent slave uprising led by john brown

mexica

aztec and mayans

Ordinances of Discovery

banned encomienda licenses, other brutality in colonies

Sherman Anti-Trust act

bans "combinations in hindrance of trade" but used to limit unions

burke act (1887)

bans indian citizenship

William Pitt

becomes british foreign minister, more in tune with colonists issues, later elected prime minister

John Tyler

becomes president after WHH dies, says he will do his own thing, annexes texas during lame duck period

Teller Amendment (1898)

before war is over says US wont annex Cuba

Anne Hutchinson

begins female discussion of religion, charged with sedition

french revolution

begins in 1789, napoleon emperor in 1804, creates instability in Europe

gallatin's national road

better transportation, vetoed by madison

The Great Compromise (the connecticut compromise)

bicameral legislature, NJ and Va. plan

Civil rights act of 1866

black citizenship, troops can protect rights, less representation for states limiting AA rights. VETOED

Phillis Wheatley

black poet

Battle of Gettysburg (1863)

bloodiest single day, Pickett's charge was failed charge, last S invasion of N

General Wolfe

british commander, killed taking quebec

Impressment

british forcing people into service in the navy

Major Andre

british spy Arnold works with

George Canning

british, suggest partnership with US to protect latin america

fort necessity

built on french claimed land by george washington

Chesapeake Invasion

burn capitol, head to baltimore

South Carolina Exposition and Protest

calhoun hating on the tariff of abominations, talking about compact theory

The triumvirate

calhoun, clay, and webster -> leaders of the Whigs

Compromise of 1850

cali is free state, harsh fugitive slave act, and more

Specie Circular

cant buy land with bank notes

Senate caning

charles sumner caned by preston brooks for criticizing slavery

Pendleton Act

civil service reform

corrupt bargain

clay convinces house to pick JQA as president in 1824, then JQA makes Clay secretary of state

The Federalist Papers

collection of articles and essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay under pseudonym "Publius"

Salutary Neglect

colonies make their own policies for politics, economy is still uniform

Ethan Allen

commander of green mountain boys, helped take fort ticonderoga

Reconcentrado Policy

concentration camps for cuban revolt leaders

Aaron Burr

conspired to create new country on western land, tried for treason (1807) but only one witness

indirect tax

control trade

gag order

couldnt talk about slavery in congress

"Range Wars"

cowboys and farmers fighting over land ownership

National Bank

created in 1791 with 20 year charter

henry ford

created the assembly line, $5 a day wage

copperheads

critics of lincoln in the N

Treaty of Paris (1898)

cuba is free, US gets puerto rico and guam, us pays $20 million for phillipines

Fidel Castro

cuban nationalist, led revolt against a pro-american business gov't

Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876

custer killed and blamed, army returns with more force and defeats Sioux

tariff of 1791

customs tax on imports, protectionism

Webster-Hayne Debate

debate over western land sales

robert e lee

denied cabinent position with lincoln, joined VA in the confederacy, military leader

"Grantism"

describes corruption in politics

the insular cases

determines status of people is hawaii, PR, guam, and phillipines, says they arent citizens

nicholas trist

diplomat sent with winfield scott, negotiates end of war

Treaty of Amnity and Commerce

diplomatic recognition from french, receive aid and trade

John Rolfe

discovered how to cure tobacco, make profit

Whiskey ring

distiller bribing gov't to avoid taxes

Embargo act of 1806

dont trade with european countries at war, kept ships off seas to stop violation of neutrality

National Conscription Act (1863)

draft in the N

Articles of Confederation

drafted by 2nd continental congress in 1777, lasts from 1781-88, weak central government

Decleration of Independence

drafted by thomas jefferson with help from john adams, signed July 4, 1776

Patroons

dutch families permanently living in New world

New Jersey Plan

each state would have equal representation (senate)

James K. Polk

elected 1844, manifest destiny, starts mexican-american war

franklin pierce

elected 1852, led young america movement

buchanan

elected 1856, didnt do anything to prevent war

the log cabin campaign

election of 1840, WHH wins, dies soon after

Treaty of Paris 1783

ends revolutionary war

King James I

established first successful colonies, 1603-25

Freedmen's Bureau Act

established freedmens bureau to send white men into S to help AAs

Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)

establishes N boundary of maine

Charter Colony

everyone elected, little interference from Crown

USS Maine

explodes in havana

Quebec Act (1774)

extended religious toleration to catholics

McCormick Harvester Strike

factory banned unions so laborers went on strike

Leisler's Rebellion

failed attempt to overthrow royalist NY governor

charles finney

famous revivalist preacher

George Whitefield

famous sermoner in methodist revivals

adam smith

father of capitalism, believed economy could regulate itself with "invisible hand"

Jeffersonians (Democratic-Republicans)

favored a weak central government,believed that common men should hold political power, pro-france, agrarian

Sojourner Truth

feminist and abolitionist advocate

election of 1796

first contested partisan election, john adams wins, jefferson is VP

2nd continental congress

first meet 1775, pass declaration of independence, governs during war

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

first meeting of feminist group

knights of labor

first national level union, lead by uriah stephens and terence powderly

National RR strike of 1877

first national strike, organized by Knights, Hayes sent troops and ended strikes

1619 - Jamestown

first slaves, first women/families, formation of House of Burgesses, knew they would be success

battle of fort mchenry

for protects baltimore

acadians

forced from canada to louisiana by british

general dearborn

forces on lake champlain, NY militia wont cross bc they dont support the war

Democratic Party

formed by jackson in 1825

The Klan

formed in 1867 as "Invisible Empire"

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

foudned by Samuel Gompers, only skilled workers

New Amsterdam

founded 1626, later becomes NYC

Turner's Frontier

frederick jackson turner, the frontier is closing

Lafayette

french, snuck over to america and followed washington around, given some command in army

chester arthur

garfields VP, passeed pendleton act, chinese exclusion act

Henry Knox

gets cannons from fort ticonderoga to dorchester heights in march 1776

Plymouth Company

gets permission and first goes to Netherlands

Cahokia

giant native american settlement, gone before Europeans arrived

Maryland

given to Calvert family by Charles I, colony created by George, Lord of Baltimore, haven for Catholics

Brazil

given to portugal by the pope

15th Amendment (1870)

gives AAs the right to vote

admiral dewey

goes to hong kong before war, then attacks manila bay immediately

Bartholomew de las Casas

got encomienda licenses banned in 1540s

Virginia company

got permission from James I, found Jamestown

Encomienda License

gov't given licenses to enslave native americans

Homestead Act of 1862

gov't gives land in W, people must live there for at least 5 years

Actual Representation

gov't members represent people who elect them, everyone in empire elects someone

Virtual Representation

gov't officials represent everyone in empire

social contract

government protect rights of people, if they are violating them people have the right to revolt

William Berkeley

governor of Virginia colony, royalist

John White

governor of roanoke

Wabash v. Illinois (1886)

grange law struck down, states cant regulate interstate trade

Munn v. Illinois (1877)

grange law upheld, states regulate RR

compromise of 1877

hayes wins election, troops leave S, one Southerner in cabinet, gov't funds rebuilding of S RR

Battle of Fredericksburg (1862)

heavy union loss, Burnside fired

Iroquois

help british in french and indian war

McKinley Tariff of 1890

highest peace-time tariff, supports big business

Fur Trade

how french made an alliance with native americans

yeoman farmer

how jefferson saw the ideal average american, small self-working farmer

British Offensive of 1777

howe and burgoyne to pincer and cut off new england from other colonies, instead howe attacks Philly, congress on the run

Headright System

if you come to jamestown, will give you land

native american empires

in S and central america (mayan, aztec, incas)

Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause)

in constitution, says congress can get more power, in opposition to the reserve clause

Algonquins

indian tribe french trade with (1650's), eventually ally with french in french and indian war (1763)

Sugar Act and Currency act

indirect taxes in 1764

navigation acts

indirect taxes to control trade by english, hurt Dutch

Tobacco

introduced by Raleigh

bank war

jackson removes fund from nat'l bank, puts in state banks

Maysville Road Veto

jackson vetoes interstate highway

roger b taney

jackson's 3rd secretary of state, approved bank war, later was chief justice of supreme court for Dred Scott decision

pet banks

jackson's chosen state banks

election of 1800

jefferson and burr tie, jefferson picked by house

Open Door Policy

john hay, america decides who can and cant trade with China

Emacipation day

june 19, 1865 - when last slaves were freed

Chivington's Massacre (1864)

killing of women and children of Cheyenne and Arapho tribes

Royal Colony

king picks governor and upper house, lower house is elected

Bering Strait

land bridge from asia to alaska

Proprietary Colony

land given to family by King, Md., Pa., Ga, proprietor picks governor and upper house, lower house elected

Siege of Vicksburg (1863)

last S fort on Miss. river, taken by Grant

General Clinton

lead British army in the N

General Cornwallis

lead british army in the S

Nicholas Biddle

leader of 2nd national bank

Peter Stuyvesant

leader of New Amsterdam

sam houston

leader of americans in mexico, leads texans army, first president of texas

Geronimo

leader of apache resistance

Emilio Aguinaldo

leader of filipino insurrection

Rochambeau

leader of french army, met americans in 1781

John Smith

leader of jamestown, saved by Pocahontas, establishes relationship with indians

Conkling

leader of the Stalwarts

Francis Marrion (the swamp fox)

leads guerilla fighting in the south, slows Cornwallis down

Nathaniel Bacon

leads rebellion, dies of dysentery and rebellion falls apart

Ulysses S. Grant

leads western campaign, after Gettysburg becomes moved to army of the potomac, eventually president after andrew Johnson

Brigham Young

led Mormons to Utah

Chief Joseph

led Nez Perce resistance

francis willard

led WCTU

Chief Osceola

led seminole resistance

Winfield Scott

led southern invasion of mexico

Battle of Chancellorsville (1863)

lee's last major victory, stonewall jackson killed

Committees of Correspondence

letter writing campaigns for independence

Spot Resolutions

lincoln challenging start of mexican-american war, polk's honesty

Farmers Grange

local activism by farmers in 1870s

confederacy

loosely connected groups of otherwise independent tribes (NA, NE)

Enforcement Acts

made it illegal to limit someone else's rights

Short Staple Cotton

main variety of cotton in south

direct tax

make money for gov't

Triangle of trade

manufactured goods to africa, slaves to new world, raw materials to europe

farming technology

mccormick reaper, sodbuster, barbed wire, prairie fan

the peninsular campaign (1861)

mclellan leads troops from yorktown close to richmond, waits, then isdefeate by Lee

Reconstruction Act of 1867

military enrolls AA votes, new state constitutions, ratify 13th and 14th amendments. VETOED and OVERRULED

Missouri Compromise

missouri is slave state, maine is free, not slave states above line

Gen. Zachary Taylor

mobilizes troops at texas-mexico border, later become president and soon after dies

"higher law"

moral law of god for chirstians

High Church vs. Low Church

more ritual vs less ritual

Medicine Creek Lodge Treaty

moves tribes into indian territory in Ok.

Populist Movement

national movement combing farmers and other social movements

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

nationalist and isolationist rebels in china, US send troops to stop it

Incas

native american empire in peru

fort duquense

near fort necessity, troops there took fort necessity

Burea of Indian Affairs (BIA)

negotiates with indians

Treaty of Fort Laramie

new indian reservations, clothes every year, must give up all other land, allow RR to be there and let white people do their thing

Restoration Colonies

new york, carolinas, pennsylvania

Crittenden Compromise (1860)

no expansion of slavery but will never end in S, failed

Wilmot Proviso (1846)

no slavery in land won from mexico, didnt pass

Dawes Severalty Act (1887)

offered land and citizenship to indians, most land actually went to whites and citizenship was deferred

Put-In-Bay

on lake erie where perry put ships in, eventually took the lake

Sally Hemmings

one of jeffersons slaves with whom he had an affair

inaugural levee

open party at white house after jackson is inaugurated

Whig party

opposition to Jackson

District Court

original jurisdiction

Fort Ticonderoga

outside Boston, taken by benedict arnold 1775

Indentured Servitude

paid for voyage, serve someone for 7 years then free in the colony

Northwest Passage

passage through NA to Asia that Europeans were looking for, not actually there

Hamilton's Program

pay bonds back at par value, creating debt, nat'l gov't takes state war debts, issue new series of bonds, national bank, new taxes

war hawk faction

people of either party who think war could help

Popular Sovereignty

people who live there decide if slavery is allowed there

Bleeding Kansas

period violence in kansas over issue of slaverg

Haymarket Bombing (1886)

police called for mccormick strike, anarchists plant bomb, Knights blamed and ended

Pontiacs rebellion

pontiac led indian rebellion after french and indian war

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

popular sovereignty in territories, proposed by stephen douglas

freeport doctrine

popular soveriegnity vs dred scott decision

10th Amendment (The Reserve Clause)

powers not given to congress or states go to states

Nashville Convention

prepared to discuss secession in 1850

James Garfield

pres after hayes, killed by guiteau for being a half-breed

Van buren

pres after jackson, deals with problems from him, trail of tears

benjamin harrison

pres between clevelands two terms, sherman anti-trust act and mckinley tariff

Indian Removal Act

pres could negotiate with tribes

the spoils system

president fills executive branch with people that help/support him and his campaign

The Northwest Ordinance (Land Ordinance of 1787)

prohibits slavery in old NW, says all new states have same power as original, sets precedent for how a new states join the union

"American System"

proposed by Clay, wanted internal imporvements, tariff, and national bank

Roger Sherman

proposed the Great Compromise

Von Steuben

prussian general that trains americans winter of 1776-77

Gadsden Purchase (1853)

purchase of land from mexico for route of trans continental railroad

Oliver Cromwell

puritan leader during the Interregnum 1649-58

Alien and Sedition Acts

put down opposition to the government

Presidential Reconstruction

put troops in, johnson picks governors and states must ratify 13th amendment and revoke secession

samuel adams

radical propagandist, leader of Sons of Liberty

Paul revere

radical propagandist, warned colonists that british were moving towards lexington and concord with william dawes

panic of 1819

rapid expansion then prices drop after napoleonic wars end causing recession

Article VII (Constitution)

ratification process

Worcester v. Georgia

re-affirms states cant take action against tribes

Jay's Treaty

re-establish trade with britain in 1794

Benedict Arnold

reassigned to west point in 1780, commits treason

Specie Resumption Act of 1875

reduce money in circulation by printing new money, making people turn in old money

Judiciary Act of 1801

reduces SC justice # to 5, adds courts so john adams can appoint more judges

Dorothea Dix

reformist, leader of reform for the mentally ill

Farmers' Alliance

regional groups lobbying congress in 1880s

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

regulate RR but not enforced

"Bloody Mary"

rejoins church, persecutes non-Christians

established church

religion government supports, not a theocracy

Methodist Revival

removed formality to make more welcoming

Virgnia Plan

representation based on population (house of reps)

Elizabeth I

return tp anglican church, doesnt marry, defeats Spanish Armada, allows for colonization of Ireland

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

ruled states cant take action against tribes

Harriet Tubman

runaway slave, led underground railroad

Battle of San Jacinto (1836)

santa anna captured, forced to negotiate

taylorism

scientific managements as describes in "the principles of scientific management" in 1911

horace mann

sec. of mass board of education, led education reform movement

Fort Detroit

seized by William Henry Harrison in war of 1812

james slidell

sent by polk to purchase cali from mexico

General William Henry Harrison

sent to stop tecumseh

home rule

separate parliament for colonies

Roger Williams

separation of church and state, rights for indians, religious toleration. founds rhode island in 1636 after banished

12th Amendment

separation of votes for President and Vice President

PLymouth colony

seperatists went to netherlands, then took mayflower to plymouth in 1620, intend to join Va. Colony

Lincoln-Douglas debates

series of debates for illinois senate seat

Jeremiad

sermon meant to scare people about god

Tecumseh and the Prophet

shawnee brothers, try to form confederation

Sherman's March to the Sea

sherman leading western army to east coast, destroying part of the S

Appomattox Court House

site of the end of the civil war

Preamble to the Constitution

six goals for writing constitution

Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831)

slave revolt, puts fear in slaveowners

Peculiar Institution

slavery

3/5 Compromise

slaves would count as 3/5 of a person for taxes and representation

Market Revolution

small scale in N, mechanizing labor in factories

quartering

soldiers stay in people's homes

De Lome Letter (1898)

spanish ambassador criticizing mckinley

Presidios

spanish military bases in the new world

"butcher" weyler

spanish military leader, brutal to cubans

Henry VIII

split from church in 1530's because Pope wouldnt let him get divorce

Sanford Dole

stages revolution on hawaii, cleveland sent troops to protect americans and depose queen, dole elected president of hawaii

rockefeller

standard oil, immoral, exposed by ida tarbell

Battle of Fort Sumter (1861)

start of Civil war

Pottawatomie Massacre

start of bleeding kansas, led by john brown

slave code

state laws regarding slavery

Article IV (Constitution)

state relations

compact theory

states gave congress power, can take it away by nullifying a law

Land Ordinance of 1785

states need to give western land to national government, grid system to sell land

limited liability

stockholders only lose what they invested

Federalists

strong central gov't, pro-british, urban + industrial

compromise tariff

supported by clay, slow reduction to 1816 level

Nathaniel greene (the fighting quaker)

takes part of washington's army south

"Boom or Bust" towns

temporary towns for mining

The Alamo (1836)

texans refuse to surrender, are all killed

King Charles II

the Restoration, Carolina, NY, Penssylvania 1660-85

trail of tears

the forced removal of cherokee indians

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

the mexican cession, santa anna deposed and settles texas border dispute

Columbian Exchange

the over time exchange between native americans and european nations

American Colonization Society

thought slaves should return to africa, establishes liberia

Georgia Platform

threaten secession in 1850

lame duck period

time between elections and when newly elected people take office

Land Proclamation of 1763

to prevent further westward expansion, avoid indian conflict

Gen. Montgomery

took montreal november 13, 1775, advanced towards quebec

Mercantilism

trade controlled by central gov't, to make country wealthier as a whole

supreme court

treason, write of mandamus, other things

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

tries to colonize Ireland

general braddock

tries to reclaim fort necessity,

the great trek

trip to utah by mormons

the western campaign (1862-63)

trying to tkae miss. river, cut S in two

fusion politics

two parties nominating the same person

utopias

uniform societies (brook farm, new harmony, nashoba, oneida)

Essex Junto

unify new england and secede, want to do this during war

the great skidaddle

union troops running away @ first battle of bull run

Coxey's Army (1894)

veterans march on washington for pensions

pocket veto

veto after congress adjourns, cant be overturned

ohio company

virginia planters that built fort necessity

Lee's Resolution

vote on if independence is the goal, create a committee to draft declaration

Puritans

wanted low church unlike James I

free soil party

wanted to prevent expansion of slavery

Separatists

wanted to split from church, eventual civil war

Non-seperatists

wanted to stay with church, just fix it

King Ferdinand

wants to compete with Portugal, get money, wealth, and power

yellow journalism

war sells newspapers

Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

warren bridge broke monopoly, allowed to stay because it was more equal

hessians

well trained german mercenaries

Pike's Expedition

went into spanish-mexican land

Valley Forge

where americans spend 1777/78 winter, little food and clothing, low point

Carlisle School

white boarding school where some indians were sent

Redeemer Governments

white southerners taking power back in gov't

English Reformation

why England was late to colonizing

Peggy eaton

wife of john eaton in jackson cabinent

Rutherford B. Hayes

wins election of 1876 by special commission (Old 8 to 7)

william mckinley

wins election of 1896, "mark hannas boy", annexes hawaii, assassinated at start of 2nd term

Samuel Tilden

wins popular vote in 1876 but doesnt get electoral majority (1 short without contested states)

"Starving Time"

winter of 1609-1610, jamestown struggled

yellow dog contract

workers agree to not join union

Panic of 1873

worst economic crisis at that point, Grant did little to help

Emancipation Proclamation

would take effect in 1863, slaves in rebelling states would be freed, after battle of antietam

William Lloyd Garrison

writer of the liberator, abolitionist newspaper

Admiral Mahan

writes "the influence of sea power in history" and says US needs pacific navy

Francis Scott Key

writes star spangled banner after watching battle of fort mchenry from british ship

Democracy in America

written by De tocqueville, showed freedom in US

Contsitution

written by james madison, preamble + 7 articles

Declaration of Sentiments

written by seneca falls convention

Horatio Alger

wrote rags to riches stories

millard filmore

zach taylor's VP, signs compromise pf 1850 after taylor said he wouldnt

Burning of York

zebulin pike blown up by land mines left behind, his men burn down the city