APUSH Sem1
Indian Peace Commission (1867)
"remove cause of indian war"
Johnathan Edwards
"sinners in the hand of an angry god"
john bull
"uncle sam" of britain
Spanish Colonies
1/5 income goes to crown, people are temporary, all seen as one colony
Military Reconstruction Act (1867)
10 states left divided into 5 military districts
Lincoln's 10% Plan
10% of eligible voters pledge loyalty, elect new government (never used)
Prince Henry's Navigation school
1419, Portuguese exploration schools
Cartier
1535, establishes new france
Sir Walter Raleigh
1584, establishes Roanoke
Champlain
1603, looks for route to China, found Quebec in 1608
Jamestown
1607, problems with indians, swampland, bugs
Colonial america
1607-1776, jamestown - declaration of independence
fort albany
1614, first dutch colony
Jamestown Massacre
1622, native americans attack
2nd Virginia Charter
1624 - replaces old one and gives power to Crown
King Charles I
1625-40, Mass, Maryland, Connecticut, RI, NH
Massachusetts Bay Colony
1630, largest settlement group so far, non-seperatist, rivalry with plymouth
carolina colony
1663, royal colony created by Charles II, split in 1729
New York
1664 James II takes New Amsterdam
King Philip's War
1675 - conflict in American NE with natives
Bacons Rebellion
1676, backwoods westerns vs tidewater eastern
William Penn
1681 - founds Philadelphia, city of brotherly love
La Salle
1681, finds louisiana and gulf coast
Dominion of New England
1685-88 ; unification of 5 new england puritan colonies
King James II (Duke of York)
1685-88, Delaware and NJ split off PA
Glorious revolution
1688 - James II removed from the thrones
King George II
1720-1760, Georgia
Georgia
1733 - land given to james oglethorpe, buffer between SC and Florida
Albany Plan
1754 - 4 new england colonies attempt to unify
French and Indian War
1754-1763
fall of montreal
1760 - end of fighting in America
Treaty of Paris
1763 - ended french indian war, french cede canada + others
Stamp act congress
1765 - delegate from 9 colonies wrote declaration of rights and grievances
Stamp Act
1765 - first direct tax, official documents require stamp
declaration of rights and grievances
1765 - listen of problems with britain, respectful, written by stamp act congress
Virginia Resolves
1765 - patrick henry + virginia legislature denying parliaments right to tax colonists
Massachusetts Circular
1767 - 92 signatures to repeal townsend duties
Townsend Duties
1767 - replace stamp act, harsher
Boston Massacre
1770 - not actual massacre
Boston tea Party
1773 - americans threw tea into the Boston harbor
Tea Act
1773 - direct tax on tea
1st Continental Congress
1774 - 12 colonies (not georgia) meet and write declaration and resolves
declaration and resolves
1774 - 1st continental congress, calls them american, less respectful and very angry, response to intolerable acts
Intolerable / Coercive acts
1774 - remove Massachusetts legislature
Battle of Bunker (Breed's) Hill
1775 - first real battle, american loss but killed a lot
Battle of yorktown
1781 - Cornwallis retreats to Yorktown with Greene chasing from the S, Lafayette from the N, and GW blocks of Chesapeake, Cornwallis surrenders
Shay's Rebellion
1786 - led by Daniel Shays, mad about high taxes and no pay for veterans
Annapolis Convention
1786 - only 5 states showed up
Pinckney's treaty
1795 - settled the border and trade disputes with Spain
XYZ Affair + Quasi War
1798 - diplomats sent to France asked for a bribe to see Napoleon
Luoisiana Purchase
1803 - doubled size of america, bought from french, diplomats signed w/o consulting jefferson
Marbury v. Madison
1803 - john marshall and SC say congress cant decide what SC says, strike down part of judiciary act of 1789 determining jurisdiction of SC, established judicial review
Chesepeake Incident
1807 - british try to capture american ship the leopard, sailors resist, brings attention to problem
Non-Intercourse Act
1809 - cant trade with countries who have people actively fighting, opens up trade to latin america
Macon's Bill No. 2
1810 - will resume trade with whoever drops trade policies first, france or britain
General Van Rensselaer
1812: at niagara river, NY militia wont enter canada bc they dont support war
battle of the thames
1813 - tecumseh killed, americans advance on York
battle of plattsburgh
1814 - americans stop invasion of NY
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
1814 - andrew jackson fights indians follows ones escaping into spanish-florida, almost creates two front war
Hartford Convention
1814-15, federalists conspiring, send ultimatum to Pres. with list of amendments, want reason to secede, end of federalist party
Battle of New Orleans
1815 - british commander pakenham attacks, stopped by andrew jackson who happens to be there,
peace of ghent
1815- ends the war, takes time for news to reach capitol
"era of good feeling"
1815-24, only one political party
Rush-Bagot Agreement
1817 - remove navy from great lakes
2nd Great Awakening
1820s-40s, religious revival started in burned over district of NY
Tariff of Abominations
1828 tariff, made worse in 1832
antebellum south
1840-1860
"Gilded Age"
1870s - 1890s; looked good on the outside but had many problems
1st Battle of Bull Run
1st battle of civil war
Grover Cleveland
2 non-consecutive terms. 1: haymarket bombing, dawes act and interstate commerce act. 2:panic of 1893, pullmans strike, coxeys army, plessy v ferguson
Checks and Balances
3 branches of government each making sure others dont get too powerful, proposed by James Madison
Columbus
4 voyages for Spain, get wealth and converts
Filipino Insurrection
4 year aguinaldo-led resistance, guerilla warfare against gov't led by William Howard Taft who was appointed by teddy R
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
50% of voters must take "Ironclad Oath" (vetoed)
Judiciary act of 1789
6 supreme court justices, creates lower federal courts, defines jurisdiction of each level
June 21, 1788
9th state ratifies the Constitution
Chisholm Trail
A former cattle trail from Texas to Kansas
Judicial Review
Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws, not explicitly given in constitution, assumed in Marbury v Madison in 1803
Article V (Constitution)
Amendment Process
Peter Cartwright
Best known circuit rider
Tweed Ring
Boss tweed led corruption in NY
Battle of Saratoga
Burgoyne meets Gen. Horatio Gates w/o backup from Howe, has to surrender
Jackson's cabinent
Calhoun is VP for first term, Van Buren is secretary of state then VP for second term
Captain Preston
Captain of the British soldiers in the Boston Massacre
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, most important and powerful justice
9th Amendment
Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution
writ of mandamus
Court order directing an official to perform an official duty.
battle of quebec
Dec 31, 1775, benedict arnold attacks w/o montgomery, injured and defeated
Crossing the Delaware
December 25, 1776, washington crosses delaware river to surprise hessians, washington doesnt follow their retreat so he can protect Philly
Portuguese Explorers
Diaz, De Gama, Cabral
Article II (Constitution)
Executive Branch: qualifications, powers, electoral college
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments to the Constitution, promised to patrick henry and Va., written in 1791
Virginia Dare
First English child born in America
Albany Regency
First political machine in the US led by Martin Van Buren
4th Amendment
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
1st Amendment (Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses)
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
Citizen Genet
French diplomat, 1793 tries to draw america into war on frances side
Homestead Strike (1892)
Frick suspected union in US Steel, provoked strike and fired all strikers
the Battle of Tippecanoe
Gen. Harrison finds shawnee village vulnerable, massacres them
George Washington
General of the Continental Army, unanimously elected 1st president, establishes precedents and appoints federal judges and justices, establishes cabinent
Mount Vernon
George Washington's home
John Winthrop
Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, "City upon a Hill" sermon
The Great Administration (1869-1877)
Grant's administration when AA rights were protected, still scarred by scnadals
New Immigrants
Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, unskilled labor
eli whitney
Invented the cotton gin
Midnight Appointments
John Adams made judicial appointments in his last hours of presidency
Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer
John Dickinson - 1767/8 - no precedent for direct tax, no actual representation, solutions of representation or home rule
Second Treatise of Government
John Locke - 1690 - social contract
Article III (Constitution)
Judicial Branch: no qualifications, life term
george custer
Killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn when supposed to be scouting
Jim Crow Laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
Admiral de Grasse
Leader of the French Navy aiding America
Battle of Antietam (1862)
Lee's first invasion of N, Burnside holds bridge w/o help, McClellan fired for second and final time
Article I (Constitution)
Legislative branch: qualifications, procedure, powers
Edwin Stanton
Lincoln's Secretary of War, protected by tenure of office act, fired which started impeachment process
14th Amendment
Makes former slaves citizens
Evacuation Day
March 17 1776, the day the British troops left (evacuated) Boston
8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishment
3rd Amendment
No quartering of soldiers
anaconda plan
Northern strategy to cut off south
Halifax
Nova Scotia, where british went after evacuation day
Pennsylvania
Penn family given land by Charles II, oldest son is Quaker so embarrassment, he goes to create colony
Constitutional Convention
Philadelphia in 1787, GW agrees to be chair, 55 men from 12 states (RI not there)
Federalism
Power divided between national and state governments
Calvinists
Predestination, followers of John Calvin
force bill
Pres can use troops if people dont pay tariff
Command of the Army Act (1868)
Pres. cant change commander of army w/o senate approval
Tenure of Office Act (1868)
Pres. cant remove cabinet member w/o senate approval
jefferson davis
President of the Confederacy
Foraker Act of 1900
Puerto Rico became "unincorporated territory", no citizenship
Queen Liliuokalani
Queen of Hawaii, reduces advantage for american planters
Queen Isabella
Queen of Spain, finished inquisition in 1491, approved Columbus' voyage to get converts
Credit Mobilier Scandal
RR company bribes Congressman and Grant's VP for contracts
The great awakening
Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
robber baron
Rich businessman who put other companies out of business
6th Amendment
Right to a fair, speedy trial
7th Amendment
Right to a trial by jury in civil cases
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
nullification crisis
SC secedes after tariff of 1832 passes
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Says that slaves are not citizens, slavery is ok bc of right to own property
Ostend Manifesto (1854)
Secret negotiation attempting to acquire Cuba
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory, go all the wat to pacific
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Separate but equal
Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890)
Sioux killed during ghost dance
border states
Slave states that did not secede
Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism inventor
Cortez
Spanish, conquered Aztecs in 1520's
Pizarro
Spanish, conquered Incas in 1530's
Article VI (Constitution)
Supremacy Clause
election of 1900
TR made mckinleys VP so he isnt governor of NY, the mckinley is assassinated so TR is "accidental president"
"Rough Riders"
Teddy Roosevelt's volunteer regiments in spanish-american war
General Thomas Gage
The British Military Governor of Massachusetts, took troops to lexington and concord looking for weapons stockpile + sam adams and john hancock
5th Amendment (Due Process clause)
The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process
Clovis People
The earliest known people to inhabit the Americas
Mayflower Compact (november 11, 1620)
The first agreement for self-government in America, plymouth colony before they arrived, only rich white men signed
Middle passage
The journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas
Common Sense
Thomas Pains - Jan. 1776 - argues for independence
Adams-Onis Treaty
US gets florida, drops claims to texas (1819), spain drops claims on oregon
Platt Amendment (1901)
US gets guantanamo bay on lease cant interfere in cuban affairs whenever
Andrew Carnegie
US steel, wrote gospel of wealth, sold company, real rags to riches story
Monroe doctrine
US will stop foreign intervention in latin america
Battle of Long Island
William Howe's army + hessians take long island and then NYC (1776), washington's army runs away, not under orders
joseph smith
Wrote the Book of Mormon
William Marbury
a midnight judge that did not receive his commission
13th Amendment (1865)
abolished slavery
no double jeopardy
accuser cant appeal a decision that they lose
Thomas Hooker
adopted Fundamental Orders, founded Hartford (Conn.) in 1635
Jay Cooke and Co.
advised people to invest in a RR that failed, started Panic of 1873
John Wheelright
after Hutchinson so needs to be punsihed, banished 1639, founds New Hampshire
Annexation of Hawaii (1898)
after realizing revolution was probably fake, cleveland wont annex, eventually mckinley annexes
Pullman Strike (1894)
after wage cuts, governor Altgeld refused to send troops so attorney general olney does
anti-imperialist league
against treaty of paris and annexation of phillipines
Washington DC
agreement between hamilton and jefferson to move capitol closer to the S
court of appeals
appellate jurisdiction, appealed up from district court
Battle of Lexington and Concord
april 1775, start of revolutionary war
The Old Northwest
area given up by 1785, what first two land ordinances apply to
general hull
army surrenders in war of 1812 w/o shots fired, at lake erie
"Cross of Gold" speech
attacking gold standard/hard money
harpers ferry raid
attempted violent slave uprising led by john brown
mexica
aztec and mayans
Ordinances of Discovery
banned encomienda licenses, other brutality in colonies
Sherman Anti-Trust act
bans "combinations in hindrance of trade" but used to limit unions
burke act (1887)
bans indian citizenship
William Pitt
becomes british foreign minister, more in tune with colonists issues, later elected prime minister
John Tyler
becomes president after WHH dies, says he will do his own thing, annexes texas during lame duck period
Teller Amendment (1898)
before war is over says US wont annex Cuba
Anne Hutchinson
begins female discussion of religion, charged with sedition
french revolution
begins in 1789, napoleon emperor in 1804, creates instability in Europe
gallatin's national road
better transportation, vetoed by madison
The Great Compromise (the connecticut compromise)
bicameral legislature, NJ and Va. plan
Civil rights act of 1866
black citizenship, troops can protect rights, less representation for states limiting AA rights. VETOED
Phillis Wheatley
black poet
Battle of Gettysburg (1863)
bloodiest single day, Pickett's charge was failed charge, last S invasion of N
General Wolfe
british commander, killed taking quebec
Impressment
british forcing people into service in the navy
Major Andre
british spy Arnold works with
George Canning
british, suggest partnership with US to protect latin america
fort necessity
built on french claimed land by george washington
Chesapeake Invasion
burn capitol, head to baltimore
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
calhoun hating on the tariff of abominations, talking about compact theory
The triumvirate
calhoun, clay, and webster -> leaders of the Whigs
Compromise of 1850
cali is free state, harsh fugitive slave act, and more
Specie Circular
cant buy land with bank notes
Senate caning
charles sumner caned by preston brooks for criticizing slavery
Pendleton Act
civil service reform
corrupt bargain
clay convinces house to pick JQA as president in 1824, then JQA makes Clay secretary of state
The Federalist Papers
collection of articles and essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay under pseudonym "Publius"
Salutary Neglect
colonies make their own policies for politics, economy is still uniform
Ethan Allen
commander of green mountain boys, helped take fort ticonderoga
Reconcentrado Policy
concentration camps for cuban revolt leaders
Aaron Burr
conspired to create new country on western land, tried for treason (1807) but only one witness
indirect tax
control trade
gag order
couldnt talk about slavery in congress
"Range Wars"
cowboys and farmers fighting over land ownership
National Bank
created in 1791 with 20 year charter
henry ford
created the assembly line, $5 a day wage
copperheads
critics of lincoln in the N
Treaty of Paris (1898)
cuba is free, US gets puerto rico and guam, us pays $20 million for phillipines
Fidel Castro
cuban nationalist, led revolt against a pro-american business gov't
Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876
custer killed and blamed, army returns with more force and defeats Sioux
tariff of 1791
customs tax on imports, protectionism
Webster-Hayne Debate
debate over western land sales
robert e lee
denied cabinent position with lincoln, joined VA in the confederacy, military leader
"Grantism"
describes corruption in politics
the insular cases
determines status of people is hawaii, PR, guam, and phillipines, says they arent citizens
nicholas trist
diplomat sent with winfield scott, negotiates end of war
Treaty of Amnity and Commerce
diplomatic recognition from french, receive aid and trade
John Rolfe
discovered how to cure tobacco, make profit
Whiskey ring
distiller bribing gov't to avoid taxes
Embargo act of 1806
dont trade with european countries at war, kept ships off seas to stop violation of neutrality
National Conscription Act (1863)
draft in the N
Articles of Confederation
drafted by 2nd continental congress in 1777, lasts from 1781-88, weak central government
Decleration of Independence
drafted by thomas jefferson with help from john adams, signed July 4, 1776
Patroons
dutch families permanently living in New world
New Jersey Plan
each state would have equal representation (senate)
James K. Polk
elected 1844, manifest destiny, starts mexican-american war
franklin pierce
elected 1852, led young america movement
buchanan
elected 1856, didnt do anything to prevent war
the log cabin campaign
election of 1840, WHH wins, dies soon after
Treaty of Paris 1783
ends revolutionary war
King James I
established first successful colonies, 1603-25
Freedmen's Bureau Act
established freedmens bureau to send white men into S to help AAs
Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)
establishes N boundary of maine
Charter Colony
everyone elected, little interference from Crown
USS Maine
explodes in havana
Quebec Act (1774)
extended religious toleration to catholics
McCormick Harvester Strike
factory banned unions so laborers went on strike
Leisler's Rebellion
failed attempt to overthrow royalist NY governor
charles finney
famous revivalist preacher
George Whitefield
famous sermoner in methodist revivals
adam smith
father of capitalism, believed economy could regulate itself with "invisible hand"
Jeffersonians (Democratic-Republicans)
favored a weak central government,believed that common men should hold political power, pro-france, agrarian
Sojourner Truth
feminist and abolitionist advocate
election of 1796
first contested partisan election, john adams wins, jefferson is VP
2nd continental congress
first meet 1775, pass declaration of independence, governs during war
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
first meeting of feminist group
knights of labor
first national level union, lead by uriah stephens and terence powderly
National RR strike of 1877
first national strike, organized by Knights, Hayes sent troops and ended strikes
1619 - Jamestown
first slaves, first women/families, formation of House of Burgesses, knew they would be success
battle of fort mchenry
for protects baltimore
acadians
forced from canada to louisiana by british
general dearborn
forces on lake champlain, NY militia wont cross bc they dont support the war
Democratic Party
formed by jackson in 1825
The Klan
formed in 1867 as "Invisible Empire"
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
foudned by Samuel Gompers, only skilled workers
New Amsterdam
founded 1626, later becomes NYC
Turner's Frontier
frederick jackson turner, the frontier is closing
Lafayette
french, snuck over to america and followed washington around, given some command in army
chester arthur
garfields VP, passeed pendleton act, chinese exclusion act
Henry Knox
gets cannons from fort ticonderoga to dorchester heights in march 1776
Plymouth Company
gets permission and first goes to Netherlands
Cahokia
giant native american settlement, gone before Europeans arrived
Maryland
given to Calvert family by Charles I, colony created by George, Lord of Baltimore, haven for Catholics
Brazil
given to portugal by the pope
15th Amendment (1870)
gives AAs the right to vote
admiral dewey
goes to hong kong before war, then attacks manila bay immediately
Bartholomew de las Casas
got encomienda licenses banned in 1540s
Virginia company
got permission from James I, found Jamestown
Encomienda License
gov't given licenses to enslave native americans
Homestead Act of 1862
gov't gives land in W, people must live there for at least 5 years
Actual Representation
gov't members represent people who elect them, everyone in empire elects someone
Virtual Representation
gov't officials represent everyone in empire
social contract
government protect rights of people, if they are violating them people have the right to revolt
William Berkeley
governor of Virginia colony, royalist
John White
governor of roanoke
Wabash v. Illinois (1886)
grange law struck down, states cant regulate interstate trade
Munn v. Illinois (1877)
grange law upheld, states regulate RR
compromise of 1877
hayes wins election, troops leave S, one Southerner in cabinet, gov't funds rebuilding of S RR
Battle of Fredericksburg (1862)
heavy union loss, Burnside fired
Iroquois
help british in french and indian war
McKinley Tariff of 1890
highest peace-time tariff, supports big business
Fur Trade
how french made an alliance with native americans
yeoman farmer
how jefferson saw the ideal average american, small self-working farmer
British Offensive of 1777
howe and burgoyne to pincer and cut off new england from other colonies, instead howe attacks Philly, congress on the run
Headright System
if you come to jamestown, will give you land
native american empires
in S and central america (mayan, aztec, incas)
Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause)
in constitution, says congress can get more power, in opposition to the reserve clause
Algonquins
indian tribe french trade with (1650's), eventually ally with french in french and indian war (1763)
Sugar Act and Currency act
indirect taxes in 1764
navigation acts
indirect taxes to control trade by english, hurt Dutch
Tobacco
introduced by Raleigh
bank war
jackson removes fund from nat'l bank, puts in state banks
Maysville Road Veto
jackson vetoes interstate highway
roger b taney
jackson's 3rd secretary of state, approved bank war, later was chief justice of supreme court for Dred Scott decision
pet banks
jackson's chosen state banks
election of 1800
jefferson and burr tie, jefferson picked by house
Open Door Policy
john hay, america decides who can and cant trade with China
Emacipation day
june 19, 1865 - when last slaves were freed
Chivington's Massacre (1864)
killing of women and children of Cheyenne and Arapho tribes
Royal Colony
king picks governor and upper house, lower house is elected
Bering Strait
land bridge from asia to alaska
Proprietary Colony
land given to family by King, Md., Pa., Ga, proprietor picks governor and upper house, lower house elected
Siege of Vicksburg (1863)
last S fort on Miss. river, taken by Grant
General Clinton
lead British army in the N
General Cornwallis
lead british army in the S
Nicholas Biddle
leader of 2nd national bank
Peter Stuyvesant
leader of New Amsterdam
sam houston
leader of americans in mexico, leads texans army, first president of texas
Geronimo
leader of apache resistance
Emilio Aguinaldo
leader of filipino insurrection
Rochambeau
leader of french army, met americans in 1781
John Smith
leader of jamestown, saved by Pocahontas, establishes relationship with indians
Conkling
leader of the Stalwarts
Francis Marrion (the swamp fox)
leads guerilla fighting in the south, slows Cornwallis down
Nathaniel Bacon
leads rebellion, dies of dysentery and rebellion falls apart
Ulysses S. Grant
leads western campaign, after Gettysburg becomes moved to army of the potomac, eventually president after andrew Johnson
Brigham Young
led Mormons to Utah
Chief Joseph
led Nez Perce resistance
francis willard
led WCTU
Chief Osceola
led seminole resistance
Winfield Scott
led southern invasion of mexico
Battle of Chancellorsville (1863)
lee's last major victory, stonewall jackson killed
Committees of Correspondence
letter writing campaigns for independence
Spot Resolutions
lincoln challenging start of mexican-american war, polk's honesty
Farmers Grange
local activism by farmers in 1870s
confederacy
loosely connected groups of otherwise independent tribes (NA, NE)
Enforcement Acts
made it illegal to limit someone else's rights
Short Staple Cotton
main variety of cotton in south
direct tax
make money for gov't
Triangle of trade
manufactured goods to africa, slaves to new world, raw materials to europe
farming technology
mccormick reaper, sodbuster, barbed wire, prairie fan
the peninsular campaign (1861)
mclellan leads troops from yorktown close to richmond, waits, then isdefeate by Lee
Reconstruction Act of 1867
military enrolls AA votes, new state constitutions, ratify 13th and 14th amendments. VETOED and OVERRULED
Missouri Compromise
missouri is slave state, maine is free, not slave states above line
Gen. Zachary Taylor
mobilizes troops at texas-mexico border, later become president and soon after dies
"higher law"
moral law of god for chirstians
High Church vs. Low Church
more ritual vs less ritual
Medicine Creek Lodge Treaty
moves tribes into indian territory in Ok.
Populist Movement
national movement combing farmers and other social movements
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
nationalist and isolationist rebels in china, US send troops to stop it
Incas
native american empire in peru
fort duquense
near fort necessity, troops there took fort necessity
Burea of Indian Affairs (BIA)
negotiates with indians
Treaty of Fort Laramie
new indian reservations, clothes every year, must give up all other land, allow RR to be there and let white people do their thing
Restoration Colonies
new york, carolinas, pennsylvania
Crittenden Compromise (1860)
no expansion of slavery but will never end in S, failed
Wilmot Proviso (1846)
no slavery in land won from mexico, didnt pass
Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
offered land and citizenship to indians, most land actually went to whites and citizenship was deferred
Put-In-Bay
on lake erie where perry put ships in, eventually took the lake
Sally Hemmings
one of jeffersons slaves with whom he had an affair
inaugural levee
open party at white house after jackson is inaugurated
Whig party
opposition to Jackson
District Court
original jurisdiction
Fort Ticonderoga
outside Boston, taken by benedict arnold 1775
Indentured Servitude
paid for voyage, serve someone for 7 years then free in the colony
Northwest Passage
passage through NA to Asia that Europeans were looking for, not actually there
Hamilton's Program
pay bonds back at par value, creating debt, nat'l gov't takes state war debts, issue new series of bonds, national bank, new taxes
war hawk faction
people of either party who think war could help
Popular Sovereignty
people who live there decide if slavery is allowed there
Bleeding Kansas
period violence in kansas over issue of slaverg
Haymarket Bombing (1886)
police called for mccormick strike, anarchists plant bomb, Knights blamed and ended
Pontiacs rebellion
pontiac led indian rebellion after french and indian war
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
popular sovereignty in territories, proposed by stephen douglas
freeport doctrine
popular soveriegnity vs dred scott decision
10th Amendment (The Reserve Clause)
powers not given to congress or states go to states
Nashville Convention
prepared to discuss secession in 1850
James Garfield
pres after hayes, killed by guiteau for being a half-breed
Van buren
pres after jackson, deals with problems from him, trail of tears
benjamin harrison
pres between clevelands two terms, sherman anti-trust act and mckinley tariff
Indian Removal Act
pres could negotiate with tribes
the spoils system
president fills executive branch with people that help/support him and his campaign
The Northwest Ordinance (Land Ordinance of 1787)
prohibits slavery in old NW, says all new states have same power as original, sets precedent for how a new states join the union
"American System"
proposed by Clay, wanted internal imporvements, tariff, and national bank
Roger Sherman
proposed the Great Compromise
Von Steuben
prussian general that trains americans winter of 1776-77
Gadsden Purchase (1853)
purchase of land from mexico for route of trans continental railroad
Oliver Cromwell
puritan leader during the Interregnum 1649-58
Alien and Sedition Acts
put down opposition to the government
Presidential Reconstruction
put troops in, johnson picks governors and states must ratify 13th amendment and revoke secession
samuel adams
radical propagandist, leader of Sons of Liberty
Paul revere
radical propagandist, warned colonists that british were moving towards lexington and concord with william dawes
panic of 1819
rapid expansion then prices drop after napoleonic wars end causing recession
Article VII (Constitution)
ratification process
Worcester v. Georgia
re-affirms states cant take action against tribes
Jay's Treaty
re-establish trade with britain in 1794
Benedict Arnold
reassigned to west point in 1780, commits treason
Specie Resumption Act of 1875
reduce money in circulation by printing new money, making people turn in old money
Judiciary Act of 1801
reduces SC justice # to 5, adds courts so john adams can appoint more judges
Dorothea Dix
reformist, leader of reform for the mentally ill
Farmers' Alliance
regional groups lobbying congress in 1880s
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
regulate RR but not enforced
"Bloody Mary"
rejoins church, persecutes non-Christians
established church
religion government supports, not a theocracy
Methodist Revival
removed formality to make more welcoming
Virgnia Plan
representation based on population (house of reps)
Elizabeth I
return tp anglican church, doesnt marry, defeats Spanish Armada, allows for colonization of Ireland
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
ruled states cant take action against tribes
Harriet Tubman
runaway slave, led underground railroad
Battle of San Jacinto (1836)
santa anna captured, forced to negotiate
taylorism
scientific managements as describes in "the principles of scientific management" in 1911
horace mann
sec. of mass board of education, led education reform movement
Fort Detroit
seized by William Henry Harrison in war of 1812
james slidell
sent by polk to purchase cali from mexico
General William Henry Harrison
sent to stop tecumseh
home rule
separate parliament for colonies
Roger Williams
separation of church and state, rights for indians, religious toleration. founds rhode island in 1636 after banished
12th Amendment
separation of votes for President and Vice President
PLymouth colony
seperatists went to netherlands, then took mayflower to plymouth in 1620, intend to join Va. Colony
Lincoln-Douglas debates
series of debates for illinois senate seat
Jeremiad
sermon meant to scare people about god
Tecumseh and the Prophet
shawnee brothers, try to form confederation
Sherman's March to the Sea
sherman leading western army to east coast, destroying part of the S
Appomattox Court House
site of the end of the civil war
Preamble to the Constitution
six goals for writing constitution
Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831)
slave revolt, puts fear in slaveowners
Peculiar Institution
slavery
3/5 Compromise
slaves would count as 3/5 of a person for taxes and representation
Market Revolution
small scale in N, mechanizing labor in factories
quartering
soldiers stay in people's homes
De Lome Letter (1898)
spanish ambassador criticizing mckinley
Presidios
spanish military bases in the new world
"butcher" weyler
spanish military leader, brutal to cubans
Henry VIII
split from church in 1530's because Pope wouldnt let him get divorce
Sanford Dole
stages revolution on hawaii, cleveland sent troops to protect americans and depose queen, dole elected president of hawaii
rockefeller
standard oil, immoral, exposed by ida tarbell
Battle of Fort Sumter (1861)
start of Civil war
Pottawatomie Massacre
start of bleeding kansas, led by john brown
slave code
state laws regarding slavery
Article IV (Constitution)
state relations
compact theory
states gave congress power, can take it away by nullifying a law
Land Ordinance of 1785
states need to give western land to national government, grid system to sell land
limited liability
stockholders only lose what they invested
Federalists
strong central gov't, pro-british, urban + industrial
compromise tariff
supported by clay, slow reduction to 1816 level
Nathaniel greene (the fighting quaker)
takes part of washington's army south
"Boom or Bust" towns
temporary towns for mining
The Alamo (1836)
texans refuse to surrender, are all killed
King Charles II
the Restoration, Carolina, NY, Penssylvania 1660-85
trail of tears
the forced removal of cherokee indians
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
the mexican cession, santa anna deposed and settles texas border dispute
Columbian Exchange
the over time exchange between native americans and european nations
American Colonization Society
thought slaves should return to africa, establishes liberia
Georgia Platform
threaten secession in 1850
lame duck period
time between elections and when newly elected people take office
Land Proclamation of 1763
to prevent further westward expansion, avoid indian conflict
Gen. Montgomery
took montreal november 13, 1775, advanced towards quebec
Mercantilism
trade controlled by central gov't, to make country wealthier as a whole
supreme court
treason, write of mandamus, other things
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
tries to colonize Ireland
general braddock
tries to reclaim fort necessity,
the great trek
trip to utah by mormons
the western campaign (1862-63)
trying to tkae miss. river, cut S in two
fusion politics
two parties nominating the same person
utopias
uniform societies (brook farm, new harmony, nashoba, oneida)
Essex Junto
unify new england and secede, want to do this during war
the great skidaddle
union troops running away @ first battle of bull run
Coxey's Army (1894)
veterans march on washington for pensions
pocket veto
veto after congress adjourns, cant be overturned
ohio company
virginia planters that built fort necessity
Lee's Resolution
vote on if independence is the goal, create a committee to draft declaration
Puritans
wanted low church unlike James I
free soil party
wanted to prevent expansion of slavery
Separatists
wanted to split from church, eventual civil war
Non-seperatists
wanted to stay with church, just fix it
King Ferdinand
wants to compete with Portugal, get money, wealth, and power
yellow journalism
war sells newspapers
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
warren bridge broke monopoly, allowed to stay because it was more equal
hessians
well trained german mercenaries
Pike's Expedition
went into spanish-mexican land
Valley Forge
where americans spend 1777/78 winter, little food and clothing, low point
Carlisle School
white boarding school where some indians were sent
Redeemer Governments
white southerners taking power back in gov't
English Reformation
why England was late to colonizing
Peggy eaton
wife of john eaton in jackson cabinent
Rutherford B. Hayes
wins election of 1876 by special commission (Old 8 to 7)
william mckinley
wins election of 1896, "mark hannas boy", annexes hawaii, assassinated at start of 2nd term
Samuel Tilden
wins popular vote in 1876 but doesnt get electoral majority (1 short without contested states)
"Starving Time"
winter of 1609-1610, jamestown struggled
yellow dog contract
workers agree to not join union
Panic of 1873
worst economic crisis at that point, Grant did little to help
Emancipation Proclamation
would take effect in 1863, slaves in rebelling states would be freed, after battle of antietam
William Lloyd Garrison
writer of the liberator, abolitionist newspaper
Admiral Mahan
writes "the influence of sea power in history" and says US needs pacific navy
Francis Scott Key
writes star spangled banner after watching battle of fort mchenry from british ship
Democracy in America
written by De tocqueville, showed freedom in US
Contsitution
written by james madison, preamble + 7 articles
Declaration of Sentiments
written by seneca falls convention
Horatio Alger
wrote rags to riches stories
millard filmore
zach taylor's VP, signs compromise pf 1850 after taylor said he wouldnt
Burning of York
zebulin pike blown up by land mines left behind, his men burn down the city