nutrition exam 2
non-nutritive sweeteners
-developed through food technology -determined to be safe --acceptable daily intake rates
insoluble fiber
-generally do not dissolve in water -promote regular bowel movement -whole grains, vegetables
Lactose Intolerance
-insufficient lactase production causes inability to digest the disaccharide lactose found in dairy products
symptoms of lactose intolerance
-intestinal gas, bloating, nausea, cramping, diarrhea -specifically formulated milk products or oral consumption of the lactase enzyme can be used to treat lactose intolerance
glucose
-most abundant sugar molecule in our diet -good energy energy source
Carbs
-one of the three macronutrients -a primary energy source, especially for nerve cells -composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -good sources include fruits and vegetables
glycogen
-stored form of glucose in body -helps maintain blood sugar level
Glucose
-the most naturally abundant carb -produced by plants through photosynthesis -found in plants as a component of disaccharides and complex carbs -principle form of carbohydrate found in blood --"blood sugar"
when exercising at maximum effort, carbohydrates provide almost _____ percent of the energy
100
what is the recommended adequate intake of fiber?
14 grams per 100 kcal of energy consumed
The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for fat it____ of one's total energy intake
20-35%
which of the following foods contains the most protein?
3 ounce chicken breast
the cells lining our intestinal tract are replaced every ____ days
3 to 6
the recommended intake of cholesterol is less than ____ mg per day
300
what is the percentage of calories from fat for a piece of pie that contains 300 calories and 12 grams of fat?
36%
if a cereal contains 30 grams of carbohydrate and a total of 240 calories per serving, calculate the percentage of calories derived from carbohydrate
50%
If mary weighs 140 pounds and her RDA for protein is .8 grams per kilogram body weight, what would be her recommended protein intake?
51 grams
dietary fat provides_______kilocalories per gram
9
T/F people with diabetes test their blood glucose only once daily
False
carbs are fattening T/F
False. At 4kcals/g, carbohydrates have less than half the energy of a gram of fat. Eating a high-carbohydrate diet will not cause people to gian body fat unless their total diet contains more energy (kcals) than they expend. In fact, eating a diet high in complex, fiber-rich carbohydrates, is associated with a lower risk for obesity.
T/F vegetarian diets are inadequate in protein
False. Vegetarian diets can meet and even exceed a person's protein needs, assuming that they also consume an adequate amount of energy-yielding macronutrients, a variety of protein sources, and complementary protein sources.
T/F Sometimes we have an appetite even when were not hungry
True
T/F lactose intolerance occurs when not enough lactase enzymes are produced to break down the milk sugar
True
T/F pre-diabetes may have impaired fasting glucose levels
True
T/F the entire digestion process takes about 24 hours
True
T/F type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease
True
alternative sweeteners such as aspartame, are safe to consume. T/F
True. Contrary to reports claiming harmful consequences related to consuming alternative sweetners, major health agencies have determined that these products are in fact safe for most people to consume in limited quantities.
T/F most ulcers result from a type of infection
True. Most ulcers result from an infection from the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Contrary to popular belief, ulcers are not caused by stress or spicy food.
soluble fiber
brans and legumes -prevent cancers
digestion
breaking large molecules into smaller ones
fat is important to the body because it
carries fat-soluble vitamins
which of the following conditions can be treated successfully with a gluten free diet?
celiac disease
triglycerides are classified by
chain length
the component of the cell membrane that makes it flexible is
cholesterol
which one of the following may contribute to GERD?
cigarette smoking
eggs
complete protein
which of the following can cause ulcers?
consuming the bacteria heliobacter pylori
a complete protein _____
contains all 9 amino acids
which of the following foods is allowed for someone on a diet to control celiac disease?
corn
saturated fat
dairy fat, meat fat
In meal planning, mutual supplementation of proteins is most important to which of the following individuals?
david, a student who doesnt eat animal products
saturated fats
degree of saturations determines how solid something is at room temperature
when proteins uncoil and lose their shape due to certain exposures (e.g heat, acid, pressure) this process is referred to as _____
denaturation
Galactose
does not
Which of the following may help to alleviate constipation?
eating a cereal that contains at least 2-3 grams of fiber per serving
which of the following would contribute to traveler's diarrhea?
eating raw fruits and vegetables
ovo-veg
eggs no milk
8 allergenic foods
eggs, milk, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soy
main function of carbs & fat is
energy
linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids are ____ fatty acids
essential
linoleic & alpha linolenic
essential fatty acids
T/F A common test for lactose intolerance is a blood test
false
T/F complications of diabetes are inevitable
false
T/F diabetes occurs most commonly among caucasians
false
T/F food intolerances are usually caused by immune system hypersensitivity
false
T/F people with lactose intolerance must avoid all foods containing lactose
false
T/F protein is a primary source of energy for our body
false
T/F there is a cure for celiac disease
false
T/F there is a cure for diabetes
false
diets high in sugar cause hyperactivity in children
false
tf: Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins do not occur
false
tf: humans can synthesize all the vitamins they need
false
tf: minerals can be synthesized in the laboratory
false
tf: minerals exist only in a single chemical compound
false
tf: organ damage from megadosing of vitamins isreversible
false
tf: trace minerals are not essential nutrients
false
tf: water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts
false
T/F very few people experience lactose intolerance
false (70% & most common)
the primary energy source during aerobic activities is _______
fat
A symptom of celiac disease is
fatty stool
Hypersensitvity reaction of the immune system to a component in a food is called
food allergy
A cluster of GI symptoms that occur after eating a particular food is called
food intolerance
cholesterol
found in animal sources
the sweetest monosaccharide is
fructose
nondigestible carbohydrate that have known health benefits are called _______.
functional fiber
which sugar does NOT occur alone in foods?
galactose
diagnostic tests for celiac disease may include
genetic markers
brain works on
glucose
plants make ______ through the process of photosynthesis
glucose
monosaccharides (GFG)
glucose, fructose, galactose
humans store glucose as
glycogen
glycemic index
has to do with sugar, index of foods that can raise blood sugar. higher glycemic index=higher blood sugar gets
trans fat is often associated with
heart disease
which of the following statements is correct concerning honey?
honey is not more nutritious than table sugar
food allergy
immune system problem
A person that does not contain all of the essential amino acids is called _____
incomplete
plants
incomplete protein
Symptoms of lactose intolerance include
intestinal gas
vegetarians lack
iron & b12 but have plenty of vitamin C and fiber
which of the following statements concerning aspartame is TRUE?
it is 180 times sweeter than sucrose
which of the following statements is most correct concerning irritable bowel syndrome?
it may lead to diarrhea
which of the following statements is correct about the functions of the liver?
it produces bile
Excessive protein intakes are associated with ______
kidney disease
which of the following is a disaccharide consisting of one glucose and one galactose molecule?
lactose
which of the following is a simple carbohydrate?
lactose
once nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine, most are carried to the
liver
glucose can be stored as glycogen is our
liver and muscles
insulin ________ blood sugar
lowers
fat is transported in the..
lymphatic system, slowly introduces into blood stream
fast foods and convenience foods high in fat because fat ______
makes the food taste better
which of the following sweeteners is classified as a sugar alcohol?
mannitol
the type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by a general lack of protein, energy AND nutrients in the diet is called
marasmus
which of the following people is LEAST likely to experience GERD?
michael, who ate one slice of pizza then took a walk
which of the following foods contains proteins with high digestibility?
milk
lacto-ovo veg
milk and eggs in diet
lacto-veg
milk no eggs
olive oil
mono
more saturated=
more solid
The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called_____
mutual supplementation
unlike the other macronutrients, proteins also contain ______
nitrogen
celiac
no wheat, barley, rice & potatoes fine
incomplete protein=
not all 9 amino acids
diverticulosis
not enough fiber in diet
which of the following is the highest in monounsaturated fatty acids?
olive oil
which of the following would provide the LEAST fiber?
one cup of tuna fish
simple carbohydrates contain
one or two molecules
monosaccharides contain
only one molecule
insulin and glucogon made in
pancreas
which of the following ingredients on a food label is responsible for the presence of trans fats in the product?
partially hydrogenated corn oil
food manufacturers are required to identify the presence of _____ on the food labels
peanuts
which of the following foods commonly cause an allergic reaction?
peanuts
A person whose only source of animal protein is fish is known as a
pesco-vegetarian
the strongest association between dietary fat and cancer is for
prostate cancer
foods with the highest satiety value are high in
protein
enzymes
proteins that catalize (speed up reactions in body)
appetite is
psychological
glycogen _______ blood sugar
raises
macrobiotic vegetarian
religious, deficient diet
cellular structures that are used to make proteins are
ribosomes
which of the following foods are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
salmon and other cold water fish
limiting your dietary intake of animal products can help to reduce your intake of cholesterol and _____
saturated fat
which of the following foods most likely contains trans fatty acids?
shortening
The majority of fat digestion takes place in the _____
small intestine
most of digestion and absorption occurs
small intestine
the most complete source of vegetable protein is found in ______
soybean
salivary amylase
starts digestion in mouth. breaks down amylose, tastes sweet
Protein digestion begins in the _____
stomach
in which organ would you find gastrin, pepsin and lipase?
stomach (pepsi in the stomach)
place the following body parts in the correct order of their involvement in the digestive system from beginning to end
stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum
fiber
stuff that is not absorbed
which of the following is made from sucrose?
sucralose
disaccharides (SLM) diet slim
sucrose, lactose, maltose
Nutritive sweeteners
sugar, honey, syrups, brown sugar sugar alcohols ~2-3 kcal/gram due to incomplete digestion
fructose
sweetest natural sugar; found in fruit, high-fructose syrup
which of the following statements concerning celiac disease is TRUE?
symptoms of celiac disease often mimic those of other intestinal disturbances
which of the following statements is correct concerning nonnutritive sweeteners?
the acceptable daily intakes (AD)) include a 100-fold safety factor
what dictates the structure of the protein molecule synthesized by the body?
the dna inside the nucleus of the cell
which of the following statements is most correct concerning celiac disease?
the intestinal villi are damaged
which of the following statements is correct concerning simple carbohydrates?
they cause tooth decay
Which of the following statements concerning sugar alcohol is TRUE?
they may cause diarrhea if eaten in large amounts
Triglycerides are made of
three fatty acids & one glycerol
hunger is
Physiological
which of the following statements regarding HDL-cholosterol levels is true?
a diet high in omega 3 fatty acids increases HDL
which of the following is a health benefit associated with a vegetarian diet?
a reduced risk of some cancers
stomach
acidic protein digestion!
cell membrane
act as a barrier, selectively permeable
in order to estimate your 10 year risk for cardiovascular disease, you need your _____
age
complete protein=
all 9 amino acids
adipose tissue
another word for body fat
a positive blood text for food allergy must include
antibodies
the smallest unit of matter is called an
atom
which of the following is a strategy to decrease one's intake of trans fatty acids?
avoid foods that contain "partially hydrogenated" oil
gluten is naturally occurring in
barley
the chemical that neutralizes the acidic chyme so that the lining of the duodenum is not eroded is
bicarbonate (ABC acidic bicarbonate chyme)
which of the following is an important function of proteins?
to help maintain a strong immune system
hydrogenation makes
trans fats
T/F a registered dietitian may help in designing a diet that provides adequate nutrients for people with food intolerances
true
T/F eating allergen foods can be life-threatening for some people
true
T/F in type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin
true
T/F more children and adolescents are being diagnosed with diabetes
true
T/F oats are allowed on a gluten-free diet
true
T/F people with celiac disease must avoid wheat, rye, barley, and triticale
true
T/F people with diabetes must control the amounts of carbs in their diet
true
T/F the body tries to expel the excess glucose by excreting it in the urine
true
most people in the united states consume more protein than they need
true
tf: fat-soluble vitamins are better absorbed when the meal contains some dietary fat
true
tf: much of our knowledge of vitamins and minerals come from observations
true
tf: overconsumption of vitamin supplements is the most common cause of vitamin toxicity
true
there are 9 essential amino acids
true.
most of the proteins in your body are made from combinations of ______
twenty amino acids
disaccharides contain
two molecules
which of the following in a fat-soluble vitamin?
vitamin E
vegan diets may be lacking in which of the following vitamins?
vitamins D and B12 and riboflavin
lactose is present if a food label includes
whey
givin equivalent calories of the following foods, which would provide the most satiety?
whole grapes
which of the following terms on a bread label would indicate that the bread provides high levels of nutrients and fiber?
whole wheat