nutrition exam 2

non-nutritive sweeteners

-developed through food technology -determined to be safe --acceptable daily intake rates

insoluble fiber

-generally do not dissolve in water -promote regular bowel movement -whole grains, vegetables

Lactose Intolerance

-insufficient lactase production causes inability to digest the disaccharide lactose found in dairy products

symptoms of lactose intolerance

-intestinal gas, bloating, nausea, cramping, diarrhea -specifically formulated milk products or oral consumption of the lactase enzyme can be used to treat lactose intolerance

glucose

-most abundant sugar molecule in our diet -good energy energy source

Carbs

-one of the three macronutrients -a primary energy source, especially for nerve cells -composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -good sources include fruits and vegetables

glycogen

-stored form of glucose in body -helps maintain blood sugar level

Glucose

-the most naturally abundant carb -produced by plants through photosynthesis -found in plants as a component of disaccharides and complex carbs -principle form of carbohydrate found in blood --"blood sugar"

when exercising at maximum effort, carbohydrates provide almost _____ percent of the energy

100

what is the recommended adequate intake of fiber?

14 grams per 100 kcal of energy consumed

The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for fat it____ of one's total energy intake

20-35%

which of the following foods contains the most protein?

3 ounce chicken breast

the cells lining our intestinal tract are replaced every ____ days

3 to 6

the recommended intake of cholesterol is less than ____ mg per day

300

what is the percentage of calories from fat for a piece of pie that contains 300 calories and 12 grams of fat?

36%

if a cereal contains 30 grams of carbohydrate and a total of 240 calories per serving, calculate the percentage of calories derived from carbohydrate

50%

If mary weighs 140 pounds and her RDA for protein is .8 grams per kilogram body weight, what would be her recommended protein intake?

51 grams

dietary fat provides_______kilocalories per gram

9

T/F people with diabetes test their blood glucose only once daily

False

carbs are fattening T/F

False. At 4kcals/g, carbohydrates have less than half the energy of a gram of fat. Eating a high-carbohydrate diet will not cause people to gian body fat unless their total diet contains more energy (kcals) than they expend. In fact, eating a diet high in complex, fiber-rich carbohydrates, is associated with a lower risk for obesity.

T/F vegetarian diets are inadequate in protein

False. Vegetarian diets can meet and even exceed a person's protein needs, assuming that they also consume an adequate amount of energy-yielding macronutrients, a variety of protein sources, and complementary protein sources.

T/F Sometimes we have an appetite even when were not hungry

True

T/F lactose intolerance occurs when not enough lactase enzymes are produced to break down the milk sugar

True

T/F pre-diabetes may have impaired fasting glucose levels

True

T/F the entire digestion process takes about 24 hours

True

T/F type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease

True

alternative sweeteners such as aspartame, are safe to consume. T/F

True. Contrary to reports claiming harmful consequences related to consuming alternative sweetners, major health agencies have determined that these products are in fact safe for most people to consume in limited quantities.

T/F most ulcers result from a type of infection

True. Most ulcers result from an infection from the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Contrary to popular belief, ulcers are not caused by stress or spicy food.

soluble fiber

brans and legumes -prevent cancers

digestion

breaking large molecules into smaller ones

fat is important to the body because it

carries fat-soluble vitamins

which of the following conditions can be treated successfully with a gluten free diet?

celiac disease

triglycerides are classified by

chain length

the component of the cell membrane that makes it flexible is

cholesterol

which one of the following may contribute to GERD?

cigarette smoking

eggs

complete protein

which of the following can cause ulcers?

consuming the bacteria heliobacter pylori

a complete protein _____

contains all 9 amino acids

which of the following foods is allowed for someone on a diet to control celiac disease?

corn

saturated fat

dairy fat, meat fat

In meal planning, mutual supplementation of proteins is most important to which of the following individuals?

david, a student who doesnt eat animal products

saturated fats

degree of saturations determines how solid something is at room temperature

when proteins uncoil and lose their shape due to certain exposures (e.g heat, acid, pressure) this process is referred to as _____

denaturation

Galactose

does not

Which of the following may help to alleviate constipation?

eating a cereal that contains at least 2-3 grams of fiber per serving

which of the following would contribute to traveler's diarrhea?

eating raw fruits and vegetables

ovo-veg

eggs no milk

8 allergenic foods

eggs, milk, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soy

main function of carbs & fat is

energy

linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids are ____ fatty acids

essential

linoleic & alpha linolenic

essential fatty acids

T/F A common test for lactose intolerance is a blood test

false

T/F complications of diabetes are inevitable

false

T/F diabetes occurs most commonly among caucasians

false

T/F food intolerances are usually caused by immune system hypersensitivity

false

T/F people with lactose intolerance must avoid all foods containing lactose

false

T/F protein is a primary source of energy for our body

false

T/F there is a cure for celiac disease

false

T/F there is a cure for diabetes

false

diets high in sugar cause hyperactivity in children

false

tf: Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins do not occur

false

tf: humans can synthesize all the vitamins they need

false

tf: minerals can be synthesized in the laboratory

false

tf: minerals exist only in a single chemical compound

false

tf: organ damage from megadosing of vitamins isreversible

false

tf: trace minerals are not essential nutrients

false

tf: water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts

false

T/F very few people experience lactose intolerance

false (70% & most common)

the primary energy source during aerobic activities is _______

fat

A symptom of celiac disease is

fatty stool

Hypersensitvity reaction of the immune system to a component in a food is called

food allergy

A cluster of GI symptoms that occur after eating a particular food is called

food intolerance

cholesterol

found in animal sources

the sweetest monosaccharide is

fructose

nondigestible carbohydrate that have known health benefits are called _______.

functional fiber

which sugar does NOT occur alone in foods?

galactose

diagnostic tests for celiac disease may include

genetic markers

brain works on

glucose

plants make ______ through the process of photosynthesis

glucose

monosaccharides (GFG)

glucose, fructose, galactose

humans store glucose as

glycogen

glycemic index

has to do with sugar, index of foods that can raise blood sugar. higher glycemic index=higher blood sugar gets

trans fat is often associated with

heart disease

which of the following statements is correct concerning honey?

honey is not more nutritious than table sugar

food allergy

immune system problem

A person that does not contain all of the essential amino acids is called _____

incomplete

plants

incomplete protein

Symptoms of lactose intolerance include

intestinal gas

vegetarians lack

iron & b12 but have plenty of vitamin C and fiber

which of the following statements concerning aspartame is TRUE?

it is 180 times sweeter than sucrose

which of the following statements is most correct concerning irritable bowel syndrome?

it may lead to diarrhea

which of the following statements is correct about the functions of the liver?

it produces bile

Excessive protein intakes are associated with ______

kidney disease

which of the following is a disaccharide consisting of one glucose and one galactose molecule?

lactose

which of the following is a simple carbohydrate?

lactose

once nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine, most are carried to the

liver

glucose can be stored as glycogen is our

liver and muscles

insulin ________ blood sugar

lowers

fat is transported in the..

lymphatic system, slowly introduces into blood stream

fast foods and convenience foods high in fat because fat ______

makes the food taste better

which of the following sweeteners is classified as a sugar alcohol?

mannitol

the type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by a general lack of protein, energy AND nutrients in the diet is called

marasmus

which of the following people is LEAST likely to experience GERD?

michael, who ate one slice of pizza then took a walk

which of the following foods contains proteins with high digestibility?

milk

lacto-ovo veg

milk and eggs in diet

lacto-veg

milk no eggs

olive oil

mono

more saturated=

more solid

The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called_____

mutual supplementation

unlike the other macronutrients, proteins also contain ______

nitrogen

celiac

no wheat, barley, rice & potatoes fine

incomplete protein=

not all 9 amino acids

diverticulosis

not enough fiber in diet

which of the following is the highest in monounsaturated fatty acids?

olive oil

which of the following would provide the LEAST fiber?

one cup of tuna fish

simple carbohydrates contain

one or two molecules

monosaccharides contain

only one molecule

insulin and glucogon made in

pancreas

which of the following ingredients on a food label is responsible for the presence of trans fats in the product?

partially hydrogenated corn oil

food manufacturers are required to identify the presence of _____ on the food labels

peanuts

which of the following foods commonly cause an allergic reaction?

peanuts

A person whose only source of animal protein is fish is known as a

pesco-vegetarian

the strongest association between dietary fat and cancer is for

prostate cancer

foods with the highest satiety value are high in

protein

enzymes

proteins that catalize (speed up reactions in body)

appetite is

psychological

glycogen _______ blood sugar

raises

macrobiotic vegetarian

religious, deficient diet

cellular structures that are used to make proteins are

ribosomes

which of the following foods are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids?

salmon and other cold water fish

limiting your dietary intake of animal products can help to reduce your intake of cholesterol and _____

saturated fat

which of the following foods most likely contains trans fatty acids?

shortening

The majority of fat digestion takes place in the _____

small intestine

most of digestion and absorption occurs

small intestine

the most complete source of vegetable protein is found in ______

soybean

salivary amylase

starts digestion in mouth. breaks down amylose, tastes sweet

Protein digestion begins in the _____

stomach

in which organ would you find gastrin, pepsin and lipase?

stomach (pepsi in the stomach)

place the following body parts in the correct order of their involvement in the digestive system from beginning to end

stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum

fiber

stuff that is not absorbed

which of the following is made from sucrose?

sucralose

disaccharides (SLM) diet slim

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Nutritive sweeteners

sugar, honey, syrups, brown sugar sugar alcohols ~2-3 kcal/gram due to incomplete digestion

fructose

sweetest natural sugar; found in fruit, high-fructose syrup

which of the following statements concerning celiac disease is TRUE?

symptoms of celiac disease often mimic those of other intestinal disturbances

which of the following statements is correct concerning nonnutritive sweeteners?

the acceptable daily intakes (AD)) include a 100-fold safety factor

what dictates the structure of the protein molecule synthesized by the body?

the dna inside the nucleus of the cell

which of the following statements is most correct concerning celiac disease?

the intestinal villi are damaged

which of the following statements is correct concerning simple carbohydrates?

they cause tooth decay

Which of the following statements concerning sugar alcohol is TRUE?

they may cause diarrhea if eaten in large amounts

Triglycerides are made of

three fatty acids & one glycerol

hunger is

Physiological

which of the following statements regarding HDL-cholosterol levels is true?

a diet high in omega 3 fatty acids increases HDL

which of the following is a health benefit associated with a vegetarian diet?

a reduced risk of some cancers

stomach

acidic protein digestion!

cell membrane

act as a barrier, selectively permeable

in order to estimate your 10 year risk for cardiovascular disease, you need your _____

age

complete protein=

all 9 amino acids

adipose tissue

another word for body fat

a positive blood text for food allergy must include

antibodies

the smallest unit of matter is called an

atom

which of the following is a strategy to decrease one's intake of trans fatty acids?

avoid foods that contain "partially hydrogenated" oil

gluten is naturally occurring in

barley

the chemical that neutralizes the acidic chyme so that the lining of the duodenum is not eroded is

bicarbonate (ABC acidic bicarbonate chyme)

which of the following is an important function of proteins?

to help maintain a strong immune system

hydrogenation makes

trans fats

T/F a registered dietitian may help in designing a diet that provides adequate nutrients for people with food intolerances

true

T/F eating allergen foods can be life-threatening for some people

true

T/F in type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin

true

T/F more children and adolescents are being diagnosed with diabetes

true

T/F oats are allowed on a gluten-free diet

true

T/F people with celiac disease must avoid wheat, rye, barley, and triticale

true

T/F people with diabetes must control the amounts of carbs in their diet

true

T/F the body tries to expel the excess glucose by excreting it in the urine

true

most people in the united states consume more protein than they need

true

tf: fat-soluble vitamins are better absorbed when the meal contains some dietary fat

true

tf: much of our knowledge of vitamins and minerals come from observations

true

tf: overconsumption of vitamin supplements is the most common cause of vitamin toxicity

true

there are 9 essential amino acids

true.

most of the proteins in your body are made from combinations of ______

twenty amino acids

disaccharides contain

two molecules

which of the following in a fat-soluble vitamin?

vitamin E

vegan diets may be lacking in which of the following vitamins?

vitamins D and B12 and riboflavin

lactose is present if a food label includes

whey

givin equivalent calories of the following foods, which would provide the most satiety?

whole grapes

which of the following terms on a bread label would indicate that the bread provides high levels of nutrients and fiber?

whole wheat