APUSH Theme 6

The feature of the 1970s American economy that economists called "stagflation" consisted of economic stagnation with a combination of

-"stagflation" - a stagnant economy characterized by high unemployment combined with out-of-control inflation -Impossible to manage through traditional economic remedies: -If gov't tried to reduce unemployment by increasing spending, inflation grew -If gov't tried to control inflation by cutting spending, unemployment grew

Which of the following was true of the nation's canals and railroads by 1860? (3)

-By 1860, U.S. had 60,000 miles of track and 3,300 canal mileage -most of miles of railroad were in North -Railroads had dramatically reduced cost and time involved in shipping good

The boom-and-bust economic cycles from 1815 to 1860 were the direct result of (2)

-Development of the New Market Economy -market economy's expansion

The inflation of the early 1970s was caused in part by

-Energy crisis - OPEC cut off oil shipments to the U.S. and U.S. relied on imported oil for nearly ⅓ of its energy supply -caused U.S. oil prices to rise 350% -heating, shipping, and manufacturing costs also increased as well as cost of goods and services -Inflation jumped from 3% in early 1973 to 11% in 1974

Which of the following was a reason for the decline in inflation during the first years of Reagan's presidency?

-The Federal Reserve Board's Banks plan help drop inflation fates from 12 percent in 1980 to less than 7 percent in 1982 - OPEC's decision to increase oil production caused lower prices

As a result of President Reagan's economic policies,

-The annual federal budget deficit exploded, and the United States shifted from being the world's largest creditor to its largest debtor -Major tax cuts, big increases in defense spending, and small cuts in social progrmas depleted federal funds and caused the annual federal budget deficit to rapidly increase from $59 billion in 1980 to more than $100 billion in 1982

During the first half of the nineteenth century, internal improvements in the North (3)

-The canals and railroads built in the North had a unifying effect by linking the Northeast with the Old Northwest. -northern state and local gov'ts spent substantially more on internal improvements than did southerners -north had a web of tracks that stretched considerably farther than in south even though they laid roughly the same amount of railroad track per person

Which of the following was a consequence of the Federal Reserve Board's 1981 decision to tighten the money supply?

-The nation plunged into recession -In an attempt to slow down rising inflation rates, the Federal Reserve Bank tightened the money supply by raising interest rates for bank loans to 21.5 percent

Pg. 240- panic of 1819

-first major American Depression - rooted to some extent in economic problems reaching back to the war of 1812 -triggered by a collapse in cotton prices -banks forced to call in loans and foreclosures of farms and bank failures resulted -lasted until 1821 and effects felt most in west and south, leading to resentment that helped Andrew Jackson solidify his political base throughout the 1820s -made many Americans realize the importance of politics and government policy in their lives

The Populist party called for (2)

-formed in 1892 by members of the Farmer's Alliance, this party was designed to appeal to workers in all parts of the country. -Populists favored a larger role of government in American Society, a progressive income tax, and more direct methods of democracy.

One of the goals of the Lewis and Clark expedition was to

-goal in terms of indian relations: to foster trade relations, win political allies, and take advantage of Indians' knowledge of the landscape -goal to discover a Northwest Passage to the Pacific -chart the region's commercial possibilities (water passages to the Pacific as well as its trading opportunities with Indians) while cataloguing its geography, peoples, flora, and fauna

Northern industrial workers during the Civil War

-had bad working conditions and long hours -factories became more popular and created products cheaper. Thus, skilled craftsmen who owned their -own businesses could not compete and had to get jobs as factory workers. -often called themselves "north wage slaves" -lots of industrial growth -a lot of jobs due to the need for resources for the war

The late nineteenth century has been called the Gilded Age because

-the era was characterized by corruption and greed -called the gilded age because it looked good on the outside but on the inside it was filled with corruption

according to advocates of supply-side economics, an increase in savings and investments by the upper classes and corporations would lead to which of the following?

A "trickle down" of wealth to the middle and lower classes

Hamilton's proposal concerning the assumption of state debts became law as a result of which of the following?

A political deal was struck by which the site for the nation's capital was to be on the Potomac River.

Which of the following is true of the National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act? A) It granted workers the right to unionize and bargain collectively with management. B) It gave the president the power to end strikes that threatened the national interest. C) It authorized the president to mediate between business and labor in strikes lasting longer than ninety days. D) It guaranteed that workers would be paid a nationally established minimum wage.

A) It granted workers the right to unionize and bargain collectively with management.

Which of the following is true of the growth of the American labor force between 1890 and 1920? A) There was an increase in paid employment but not necessarily an increase in the proportion of Americans who were working. B) There was a great increase in the proportion of Americans who were working. C) Women and children worked for the first time. D) There was a substantial increase in the number of agricultural workers.

A) There was an increase in paid employment but not necessarily an increase in the proportion of Americans who were working.

Which of the following is a reason for the rapid manufacturing and commercial expansion experienced by the Northeast during the forty years following the War of 1812? A) Transportation costs were dramatically reduced as a result of extensive internal improvements. B) The federal government poured vast sums of money into the building of factories and the building of canals. C) The unparalleled natural increase in the population of the North and South increased demand for manufactured products. D) After the war most European nations refused to import goods to the United States, thus domestic manufacturing expanded rapidly in the Northeast to meet consumer demand.

A) Transportation costs were dramatically reduced as a result of extensive internal improvements.

Which of the following is true concerning the distribution of wealth in the United States between 1800 and 1860? A) Wealth was concentrated in the hands of a relatively small number of people. B) Wealth was distributed more equitably throughout society. C) There was no significant change in the distribution of wealth during that time. D) There was a redistribution of wealth from the wealthiest families to middle-class families.

A) Wealth was concentrated in the hands of a relatively small number of people.

In his weekly radio sermons, Father Charles Coughlin A) blamed the depression on an international conspiracy of Jewish bankers. B) advocated the violent overthrow of the government of the United States. C) told his listeners that the New Deal was divinely inspired. D) praised the Roosevelt administration for having adopted the tenets of socialism.

A) blamed the depression on an international conspiracy of Jewish bankers.

The explosion of canal building in the 1820s and 1830s was caused by the A) success of the Erie Canal B) provision of federal subsidies for canal construction. C) impact of the protective tariff. D) development of the New England textile industry

A) success of the Erie Canal

Which of the following factors contributed to the Great Depression? A. A maldistribution of income B. A high rate of inflation C. The elimination of protective tariffs D. A large and growing federal deficit

A. A maldistribution of income

Which of the following is true of progressive reform in the 1920s? A. Both social and political reforms were enacted at the state and local levels B. The government-owned hydroelectric power project at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, was sold to private interests C. The major federal regulatory agencies were dismantled D. The federal government stepped up its antitrust activity

A. Both social and political reforms were enacted at the state and local levels

Which of the following statements is accurate concerning the American economy between 1919 and 1929? A. The purchasing power of most American workers increased B. The gross national product fell slightly C. The new consumer goods that appeared in the marketplace were available only to the rich D. Most Americans were reluctant to spend their disposable income on new consumer goods because they feared a recession

A. The purchasing power of most American workers increased

Which of the following is true of the settlement achieved in the 1902 United Mine Workers' strike? A. The wages of the mine workers were increased. B. The number of hours in the mine workers' workday remained the same. C. The mine owners were required to recognize the mine workers' union. D. The mine owners were required to establish an employee pension plan.

A. The wages of the mine workers were increased.

In the 1920s, the ultimate symbol of social equality was the A. washing machine B. Radio C. house with electricity D. automobile

A. washing machine

What difficulties did farmers face in the 1980s, and why?

American farmers helped other countries suffering from crop shortages in the 1970s, and had borrowed heavily to buy land and increase production. However, as the world fell into an economic slump in 1980, the market for foreign support diminished. Production was concentration to large-scale operations, and small farmers had trouble holding their own.

Which of the following is a good example of the transition to a market economy? A) Spinning and weaving at home became more and more important. B) Farm women began to produce more dairy products to be sold in the market, and they then used their profits to buy factory-produced cloth. C) More and more farmers, especially in the West, began to turn to subsistence farming. D) Farmers in the West began to try to meet the demands of the marketplace by producing animals, dairy products, grain, and vegetables on a single family farm.

B) Farm women began to produce more dairy products to be sold in the market, and they then used their profits to buy factory-produced cloth.

Which of the following is true of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? A) It posed as much of a threat to small businessmen as to large corporations. B) It lacked precision and definition as to what constituted a restraint of trade. C) It brutally destroyed American agriculture by defining any farm of more than 500 acres as a monopoly. D) It was enforceable at the discretion of business bureaus in state governments.

B) It lacked precision and definition as to what constituted a restraint of trade.

Which of the following is true of the Emergency Banking Relief Act? A) It put the responsibility for reopening banks into the hands of state examining boards. B) It provided for the reopening of banks that were solvent and the reorganization of those that were not. C) It provided for federally insured deposits in reopened banks. D) It provided for the complete separation of commercial banking from investment banking.

B) It provided for the reopening of banks that were solvent and the reorganization of those that were not.

Which of the following factors explains why upward mobility was more accessible to people in the early 1900s than it had been in 1880? A) The strength of organized labor B) The spread of public education C) The decline of lower-paying jobs in service industries D) The increase in jobs requiring skilled workers

B) The spread of public education

Which of the following is true of landless whites in the South between 1830 and 1860? A) They were usually able to obtain steady employment. B) They often struggled to save enough money from their meager wages to buy land. C) They usually relied on public relief agencies for food, clothing, and shelter. D) Their economic status was comparable to that of most yeoman farmers.

B) They often struggled to save enough money from their meager wages to buy land.

In the early 1900s, such established national unions as the AFL A) welcomed women. B) excluded women. C) supported the goals of women workers. D) organized special chapters for women.

B) excluded women.

Underconsumption was caused by which of the following? A. Farmers and workers built up large savings accounts that drew excessive interest B. Wages and purchasing power lagged behind industrial production C. A shortage of labor caused a drastic reduction in industrial production D. The public continually demanded consumer goods of a higher and higher quality

B. Wages and purchasing power lagged behind industrial production

The basic economic motivation of those who supported the coinage of silver was to A. encourage reduced production of agricultural products B. ease the burden of debtors C. increase foreign trade D. encourage increased production of agricultural products

B. ease the burden of debtors

Why, after a period of relative stability, was the American economy plagued by inflation from late 1776 into the 1780s?

Because the value of the currency rested in the faith of American's in the government (no real regulations). There was a depreciation in Continental Currency

What was the significance of Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion?

By Washington sending military troops to disperse the rebellion, he showed that the national government would not allow violent resistance to its laws. The national power to do this had not been available during Shay's Rebellion.

By the 1850s, which of the following was a consequence of internal improvements in the North? A) The canals and railroads built in the North benefited the entire nation and helped to integrate both the South and the Old Northwest into the North's market economy. B) The canals and railroads built in the North severely strained the economy of many Northern states, causing some of those states to declare their state treasuries bankrupt. C) The canals and railroads built in the North had a unifying effect by linking the Northeast with the Old Northwest. D) The canals and railroads built in the North only benefited factory owners and financiers.

C) The canals and railroads built in the North had a unifying effect by linking the Northeast with the Old Northwest.

Which of the following was true of factory work in the 1840s? A) The shortage of labor meant that most factory workers had job security. B) Workers in large factories continued to have a close personal relationship with the factory owner. C) The flow of work was governed by the clock. D) Workers usually had far more opportunities for advancement than would have been true in pre-industrial artisan shops.

C) The flow of work was governed by the clock.

Which of the following is true of holding companies? A) They had no existence in the eyes of the law. B) They held capital for pending investments. C) They owned partial or complete interest in other companies. D) They controlled the assets of bankrupt companies.

C) They owned partial or complete interest in other companies.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the beliefs of writers who criticized the trusts? A) Trusts keep prices artificially low. B) Trusts disrupt the natural economic order by encouraging government regulation. C) Trusts are unnatural because they originated from greed. D) Trusts create disorder in the marketplace by increasing competition.

C) Trusts are unnatural because they originated from greed.

The industrial unions that came to power in the 1930s A) organized the workers in each separate factory into a separate, independent union. B) consisted of skilled workers in a particular trade. C) represented all the workers within a certain industry, both skilled and unskilled. D) ultimately lost in their struggle against traditional craft unions.

C) represented all the workers within a certain industry, both skilled and unskilled.

President Roosevelt responded to the 1937-1939 recession by A) increasing the nation's tariffs. B) increasing the gold value of the dollar. C) reviving deficit spending. D) proposing a substantial tax cut.

C) reviving deficit spending.

During the late nineteenth century, states that passed laws against trusts and monopolies A) found that such laws caused economic depression because businesses fled to other states. B) were so successful that most people believed national legislation to be unnecessary. C) were mostly in the agricultural South and West. D) enacted such laws in the face of great popular opposition to them.

C) were mostly in the agricultural South and West.

Because of its railroads, stockyards, and grain elevators, which of the following cities dominated the economy of the Midwest by the middle of the nineteenth century?

Chicago

What important civil rights legislation did Johnson succeed in passing during his first year in office?

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which of the following was a result of the building of canals such as the Erie Canal? A) Financed by the federal government, canal building required an increase in the federal taxes. B) Canals established important transportation links between the North and the South. C) So little thought was put into the routes for canals that they served little useful commercial purpose. D) Canals established important transportation links between the Midwest and the North.

D) Canals established important transportation links between the Midwest and the North.

Which of the following may be considered a failure of the New Deal? A) It overcentralized power in the hands of the president. B) It relied excessively on deficit spending. C) It failed to end extensive government corruption. D) It was unable to end unemployment.

D) It was unable to end unemployment.

The Congress of Industrial Organizations differed from the American Federation of Labor in which of the following ways? A) The CIO excluded farm workers, whereas the AFL did not. B) The CIO pursued practical objectives such as better wages, whereas the AFL pursued a socialist agenda. C) The CIO was composed of skilled workers only, whereas the AFL opened its membership to all workers. D) The CIO allowed women and nonwhites as members, whereas the AFL did not.

D) The CIO allowed women and nonwhites as members, whereas the AFL did not.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act attempted to restore the purchasing power of farmers by encouraging them to -produce less A) increase their production of foodstuffs. B) donate their surplus crops to the unemployed. C) purchase more efficient farm equipment. D) limit their production of specific crops.

D) limit their production of specific crops.

The banking crisis that began in the United States in 1929 was caused in part by A) the collapse of the World Bank. B) the Federal Reserve Board's decision to raise the discount rate several times during the previous year. C) enactment of legislation during the Coolidge administration to impose higher taxes on interest income. D) risky loans made during the 1920s.

D) risky loans made during the 1920s.

The key to the American system of manufacturing was A) the vertical integration of companies. B) a unique method of corporate management. C) the financial method used to finance plant expansion. D) the use of machine-tooled, interchangeable parts.

D) the use of machine-tooled, interchangeable parts.

The main problem with pools was that A) too often members sued each other for violation of the agreement creating the pool. B) they did not increase profits. C) the Interstate Commerce Act made them illegal precisely when they were most important. D) there was no legal way to enforce the "gentlemen's agreement" that created the pool.

D) there was no legal way to enforce the "gentlemen's agreement" that created the pool.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with Theodore Roosevelt's New Nationalism philosophy? A. The government must actively promote mergers and trusts in order to ensure economic efficiency. B. Business monopolies and concentrations of economic power must be destroyed. C. Reduction of taxes and government spending will rejuvenate the economy and lead to economic expansion. D. Regulatory commissions should be established to ensure the wise use of economic power by large corporations.

D. Regulatory commissions should be established to ensure the wise use of economic power by large corporations.

New technology changed the role of housewives in which of the following ways? A. Housewives began to seem as specialists in certain tasks B. Fewer child-raising responsibilities were placed on the housewife C. Management of the household became more of a shared family responsibility D. The housewife became the family's chief consumer rather than its chief producer

D. The housewife became the family's chief consumer rather than its chief producer

The argument over the creation of the Bank of the United States focused on which of the following questions?

Does the Constitution grant Congress the authority to create the bank?

Policies to expand the amount of money in circulation were generally favored by

Farmers

Which of the following is true of the relatively typical southern yeoman farmer, Ferdinand Steel?

Ferdinand L. Steel serves as an example of a more typical yeoman farmer. He never became a slave owner; family and religion remained the focus of his life.

During the 1950s, unionized blue-collar workers

Gained middle class incomes

Which of the following is true of Alexander Hamilton?

He believed that people were motivated primarily by economic self-interest.

In his vision of the Great Society, President Johnson believed

He believed that the federal government must work actively to improve the lives of Americans.

How did Johnson aid education?

He introduced federal aid for elementary and secondary schooling. Money was awarded to states based on the number of children there were from low income families.

Why did Hamilton favor the assumption of state debts by the national government?

He wanted to give the holders of public securities a financial stake in the survival of the national government.

Many employers cut wage costs in the late nineteenth century by

Hiring women and children

Which of the following conclusions may be drawn from the facts surrounding the general railway strike of 1877?

If all else failed, the federal government could be counted on to put down labor unrest

Which of the following is true of the Knights of Labor under the leadership of Terence Powderly?

It sought to establish a cooperative society in which workers owned the means of production

Describe the Office of Economic Opportunity's ethic of "participatory democracy"?

It was aimed to give poor voicing in health, housing, and education programs

Who became president following the assassination of JFK?

Lyndon B. Johnson

In McCulloch v. Maryland the Supreme Court

Maryland attempts to tax the National Bank of the U.S. Court must decide whether Bank is legitimate under the elastic clause and whether Maryland can tax it John Marshall declares "the power to tax is the power to destroy." The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution prohibits state taxation of a federal institution

As a believer in supply-side economics, Reagan called for

Massive tax cuts

What two major medical care programs were enacted during Johnson's presidency?

Medicare and Medicaid

The journalists who exposed the wrongs of American society during the Progressive era were known as

Muckrakers

During the Civil War, the North differed from the South in which of the following respects?

North: -more commercialized/industrialized -had a much larger population and larger cities -more diverse with new immigrants -Commerce, financial institutions, manufacturing, and transportation were developing rapidly South: -agrarian culture (agriculture) -had smaller, fewer cities with less people -⅓ of population lived in slavery

Some New England textile mill workers responded to their deteriorating working conditions in the 1830s by

Organizing and going on strike

Who wrote the 1965 book, Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-in Dangers of the American Automobile?

Ralph Nadar

The part of the New England trading system that was triangular in nature involved...

Rum from New England Slaves from Africa Molasses from Caribbean

Which of the following was the main determinant of a man's wealth and social position in the South?

Slave ownership

Overall, the British colony that experienced the most rapid economic growth during the last half of the

South Carolina

Explain the theory of "supply-side" economics.

Supply side economics held that a greater supply of goods and services would be the most effective and efficient way to economic growth. This economic growth could be achieved if businesses had more freedom and flexibility of purchasing power.To encourage this, the Reagan administration advocated for drastically lowering taxes

What impact did the slave trade have on Europe?

The European economy shifted its emphasis towards the Atlantic. Commerce in slaves and the products of slave labor were the basis of European economy. Expanded the transatlantic trade in slaves and slave labor.

Describe the recession of 1982.

The Federal Reserve's tighter control of the nation's money supply caused the country to fall into a recession where interest rates neared 20 percent. The unemployment rate rose to nearly 10 percent and major corporations were letting go of workers. Local agricultural products were not in high demand, and the US became more independent on the goods of foreign countries. High gas prices also accelerated the decline of the economy. However, the recession did lead to lower inflation rates, which was the aim of the Federal Reserve's money management techniques in the first place.

What did Johnson call his socio-economic program?

The Great Society

The embargo initiated by President Jefferson in 1807 had the greatest impact on

The New England area in the United States.

Why did the American colonies become less dependent on Europe for manufactured goods during the eighteenth century?

The increased demand for goods that accompanied the growth of the colonial population encouraged the development of colonial manufacturing enterprises.

During the 1950s, it was increasingly likely that poor Americans lived in

The inner cities (usually of large cities)

Which of the following formed the vanguard of progressive reform?

The new middle class

Which of the following would be the most likely to benefit from the economic growth of Britain's North

The wealthy Americans improved their positions relative to other colonists. The native-born elite class benefited as well.

How did Congress change immigration during the Johnson administration?

They abolished the discriminatory 1924 National Origins Immigration Quota. This then triggered a wave of immigration, particularly from South and East Asia and Latin America.

In response to the depression, many prominent business leaders

They believed economic downturns were beneficial and should be allowed to run its course.

How did the Confederation Congress respond to the flooding of the American market with British goods?

They created more taxes that hurt many farmers and led to Shay's Rebellion.

Which of the following groups was most directly affected by the excise tax on whiskey?

Western farmers

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the beliefs of the Industrial Workers of the World?

Workers should take over and run the nation's industries

Which of the following was a characteristic of the American economy during the 1920s?

a shift to the production of consumer goods

Creation of the national banking system led to

a uniform national currency

Which of the following would have been most likely to benefit from the Embargo Act? a) The owner of a New England textile mill b) A dock worker in New England c) Factory workers in England d) West Indian merchants

a) The owner of a New England textile mill

Which of the following was in large part a consequence of Upton Sinclair's 1906 book The Jungle? a. Drug manufacturers agreed to stop selling impure merchandise. b. President Roosevelt supported the passage of the Meat Inspection Act. c. Railroad rate-making was taken from the railroad industry and given to the ICC. d. President Roosevelt supported legislation to guarantee the rights of workers.

b. President Roosevelt supported the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.

Which of the following statements is true of the Progressive movement? a. Members of the movement were essentially rural people, much like the olds Populists. b. Progressives held some issues in common with the Populists but had a distinctly urban orientation. c. Progressives held no issues in common with the Populist movement. d. Progressives continued the urban reforms of the Populist movement.

b. Progressives held some issues in common with the Populists but had a distinctly urban orientation.

In the area of conservation, Theodore Roosevelt a. oversaw the enactment of a national plan for resource management. b. believed that the government should manage and control lands in the public domain. c. substantially restricted the wasteful practices of timber and mining companies. d. persuaded Congress to impose a special conservation tax on timber, oil and mining companies.

b. believed that the government should manage and control lands in the public domain.

Senator Robert La Follette wanted to do which of the following? a. Nationalize the railroad industry. b. Return America to its agrarian and rural past. c. Drive corporations out of politics. d. Break all large corporations into small, competitive units.

c. Drive corporations out of politics.

Which of the following is true of the labor movement during the 1840s? It was made up primarily of socialists and anarchists who used terrorist tactics against factory owners. b. It was successful in getting pension plans for many workers. c. It gained recognition of the right to strike when the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that a strike did not constitute a criminal conspiracy. d. It demonstrated unity among workers by opening its ranks to both the skilled and the unskilled.

c. It gained recognition of the right to strike when the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that a strike did not constitute a criminal conspiracy.

During the depression, many argued that women workers deprived male breadwinners of jobs. Was this argument valid? Why or why not? a. Yes, because women were willing to work for lower wages than men. b. Yes, because in the 1920s women had moved into many previously male-dominated jobs. c. No, because the sex segregation of the job market made it very unlikely that men would be hired for "women's" jobs. d. No, because most women lost their jobs as the depression intensified.

c. No, because the sex segregation of the job market made it very unlikely that men would be hired for "women's" jobs.

Mercantilist theory held that...

colonies can help the mother country become self-sufficient by providing it with valuable raw materials.

The 1894 Pullman strike was touched off by George Pullman's decision to

cut wages

Those citizens who protested imposition of the whiskey tax most vigorously were also very likely to be dissatisfied over the a) Senate's ratification of the Pinckney Treaty. b) religious ideas associated with the Second Great Awakening. c) proliferation of Democratic societies. d) inability of the army to defend them against Indian attacks.

d) inability of the army to defend them against Indian attacks.

Which of the following is true of Theodore Roosevelt's beliefs while serving as President? a. He rejected the idea that business could regulate itself. b. He believed that big business was the major obstacle to increased production. c. He wanted to return the nation to free, old time, uncontrolled economic competition. d. He approved of big business as long as it did not unfairly manipulate the marketplace.

d. He approved of big business as long as it did not unfairly manipulate the marketplace.

Which of the following convinced many Progressives that President William Howard Taft had abandoned Roosevelt's progressive agenda? a. Taft drastically slowed the rate of antitrust prosecution. b. Taft announced his opposition to the direct election of U.S. senators. c. Taft reduced the regulatory powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission. d. Taft signed legislation that maintained many high tariffs.

d. Taft signed legislation that maintained many high tariffs.

Which of the following is a reason that the South built fewer railroads than the North? a. Southerners saw the industrial and transportation revolutions as threats to republican ideology. b. Research clearly indicated that such investments would be of no economic benefit to the South. c. The southern states believed that such construction should be the responsibility of the federal government. d. The southern states had a smaller free population, which resulted in less tax revenue.

d. The southern states had a smaller free population, which resulted in less tax revenue.

Most progressive reformers a. viewed socialism as a desirable but unachievable goal. b. wanted to destroy the capitalist system. c. had a little at stake in the capitalist system and did not care if it survived. d. did not support radical changes to capitalism.

d. did not support radical changes to capitalism.

After Jackson was re-elected in 1832, he took away the power of the Bank of the United States to regulate the economy by

depositing federal funds in state-chartered banks essentially closing the Bank of the US.

In response to the Panic of 1873, many debtors and unemployed workers advocated

easy money policies, which they hoped would spur economic expansion

In Gibbons v. Ogden the Supreme Court

expanded Congress's power by ruling that trade on the nation's waterways fell under the commerce clause of the Constitution.

The issue that posed the most serious problem for Madison from a constitutional point of view was

federal support for local internal improvements such as roads and canals.

One of the major causes of the depression of 1893 was

financial panic, monetary policy, underconsumption, overproduction/droughts affected agriculture, recession in other European countries affected US

Between 1890 and 1910 the annual income of most American industrial workers

increased, but it did not keep pace with increases in the cost of living

President Grover Cleveland responded to the 1894 Pullman strike by

intervening on the side of management

The development of a national railroad system was hampered by which of the following?

lack of a common standard for the width of track

Many of the laws that were part of Johnson's War on Poverty primarily focused on

many new laws focused on increasing opportunity.

As a result of the Haymarket bombing,

many people associated labor unions with foreign-born radicals

Individual farmers in the new market economy of the 1800s

many practiced mixed agriculture and their goal was to produce a competence

The Wilson administration came to see American exports to the Allies as

necessary to the economic well being of the united states

Cattle raising became increasingly profitable in the 1860s and gave rise to the lucrative cattle industry because of

railroad expansion and population growth.

Through such devices as the initiative, the referendum, and the recall, progressive reformers hoped to

replace the favoritism of the boss system with rational, accountable management chosen by responsible voters

President Eisenhower responded to the three recessions that occurred during his presidency by

resorting to deficit spending

Working-class reformers in the Progressive era strongly supported

shorter working hours and and better work conditions

The 1836 Specie Circular provided that only gold or silver would be accepted as payment for federal) lands sold to speculators.

since paper money was inflating. This signified the growing economic problems which would result in the panic of 1837

The Medicare program, enacted in 1965, provided insurance against medical and hospital bills for

the elderly

The American Federation of Labor

was a craft union with practical objectives such as higher wages and shorter hours

Which of the following is true of the Revenue Act of 1916?

was primarily to raise money to pay for war preparations

The rapid development of railroads in the United States was accomplished

with the help of some of the largest government subsidies ever granted