Apush Unit 6
Home front policy
During WWI, government encouraged people to eat less and buy less to support the troops
George Creel
Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI
Robber Barons
Heads of the Trust companies
Big Stick Diplomacy
If the opposite side knows you have a big stick they won't mess with you
Valeriano Weyler
Known as the "Butcher", sent from Spain to Cuba; tried to crush Cuban rebellion by herding people into concentration camps
Dupuy DeLome
Spanish minister who's letter that criticized McKinley was headlined by Heart in order to support US involvement in Cuba
Teller Amendment
The US will free Cuba after it has stabilized it
Eugene V. Debs
U.S labor organizer who ran for president as a socialist
Treaty of Paris 1899
US Gains Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines (Imperialists and Isolationists debated treaty)
Participants in WW1
US, Russia, GB, France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany
Federal Trade Commission
Used to ensure fair competition among businesses
U.S. Steel
Very large trust founded by Carnegie, bought by J.P. Morgan. Was targeted by Taft as a injust trust
Recall
When the citizens take a vote to repeal an act or injustice
Election of 1900
William Jennings Bryan vs. William McKinley; McKinley wins but is shot. TR becomes president
Virgin Islands
Wilson purchases this territory
William Jennings Bryan
The ever popular democrat candidate; supports free silver
New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.
Missionary Diplomacy
Woodrow Wilson's policy contingent on the belief that it was America's responsibility and destiny to spread its institutions and values to the far corners of the globe
Muckrakers
Writers during the progressive era who stirred much controversy
Ida Tarbell
Wrote "History of Standard Oil Company"
Jacob Riis
Wrote "How the Other Half Lives" (Story about the poor)
Lincoln Steffers
Wrote "Shame of the Cities"
Boxer Rebellion
a 1900 uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country
Wilson Gorman Tariff
a low tariff passed by Cleveland 1894
Canal Zone
a zone consisting of a strip of land across the Isthmus of Panama that contains the Panama Canal
Venezuela Boundary Dispute
dispute over venezuelan and british territory. The british want more land because of gold mines. US almost goes to war trying to intervene
Constitutional Amendments
15th: Every man has the right to vote regardless of race 16th: Income Tax 17th: Direct Election of Senators
McKinley Tariff
1890 tariff that raised protective tariff levels by nearly 50%, making them the highest tariffs on imports in the United States history
Platt Amendment
Addition to the Teller Amendment; the US will only free cuba after Cuba accepts the Platt Amendment
War industries board
Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries.
Gentlemen's Agreement
Agreement in which Japan will stop sending so many laborers to the US if the US stops education restrictions on the Japanese
Henry George, Edward Bellamy, American Tobacco Co., Demo-pops, Containment Policy, Interstate Highway Act, Public Works Administration
All out of era bullshit
Initiative
Basically a proposition; proposed by the people and if it's passed it is put onto the official ballot
Committee of Public Information
Branch of Government directed at spurring American nationalism during WWI
Pan- American Conference
this was an international organization that dealt with trade; organized by james blaine; created to encourage cooperation and trust with the manufacturers
USS Maine
Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War
The Great Migration
200,000 to 500,000 africans moved north from 1915 to 1930
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
Department of Commerce and Labor
A branch of the government containing the Bureau of Corporations; paved the way for trust-busting
Referendum
A process in which the ballot is given to the people to re-vote
Northern Securities
A railroad trust owned by J.P. Morgan, busted by TR
Federal Reserve Act/Bank/Board
A system dedicated to keeping the banking system stable with a federal money supply
Direct primary
A system in which senators would be elected by the people; secured under TR's term
Election of 1916
Charles Evan Hughes/republican vs. Woodrow Wilson/democrat ("kept us out of the war")= Wilson
Chilean Affair
Chile kills two American Sailors. America gets all mad and almost goes to war
Reynolds Tobacco
Court case related to insular cases; said that it was up to the US to decide which territories had rights ( not too sure about this one)
Lusitania Incident
Event in which Germany sinks a British ship containing over 100 US citizens
Open Door Notes 1 and 2
First one said that all foreign countries should leave trade open with China regardless of spheres of influence. Second one said that the US would trade with China regardless of influence
Alfred Zimmerman
German ambassador who wrote a message to Mexico stating that if Mexico allied with Germany, it would gain nice territory
Kaiser Wilhelm
German emperor during World War I
Sub Warfare
Germany's policy to sink all ships
Sussex Pledge
Germany's promise that its U-boats would warn ships before attacking
ICC
Interstate Commerce Commission, a federal regulatory agency that governed over the rules and regulations of the railroading industry.
Richard Ballinger
Old Guard Republican; Taft's Secretary of Interior; Opened a lot of public land for private use
Fourteen Points
Outline for the treaty of versailles. included disarmament of all weaponry, freedom of trade, freedom of seas, splitting of territories, and formation of the league of union
Square Deal
President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed
Election of 1912
Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win
Underwood Tariff
Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Put teeth on the Sherman Anti Trust Act
Dingley Tariff
Raises the tariff once more to 46.5%
Pancho Villa
Rebel Mexican General who led a raid against Columbus, New Mexico, killing 17 Americans
Hepburn and Elkins Act
Regulated Railroads
William McKinley
Responsible for the Spam war, the phillipine-american war; can be thought of as the door-hinge president of imperialism
New Nationalism
Roosevelt's domestic platform during the 1912 election accepting the power of trusts and proposing a more powerful government to regulate them
Lodge Reservations
Sen. Lodge accepts Treaty of Versailles but wants to "republicanize" it by adding in a bunch of reservations, 14 to be exact, safeguarding US under Monroe Doctrine to protect US sovereignty
Henry Cabot Lodge
Senator of Massachusettes who fought the Treaty of Versailles, especially the League of Nations; launched a 264 page filibuster against wilson
Schenck vs. U.S.
Set the precedent that the 1st amendment does not hold during war-time if it endangers the countries welfare
William Howard Taft
Successor of Roosevelt; Different views than Teddy; part of political corruption; Passed Sixteenth Amendment(income tax); super fat
E.C. Knight Co.
Sugar case which showed the weakness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act(out of era)
Great White Fleet
TR's fleet sent out to impress other nations and secure the Root-Takihara Agreement
Dollar Diplomacy
Taking on another countries debt to establish influence
Insular Cases
These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos.
Central Powers
in World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies
Foraker Act
law passed by congress in 1900's under which the US gave Puerto Ricans limited citizenship
Women's Suffrage
movement whose wishes were granted in 1920
The progressive reformers
reformers that were progressive. gg
Yellow Journalism
sensationalist journalism fueled by two sources 1) competition between other publications 2) need for aroused nationalism
Payne Aldrich Tariff
signed by Taft, raised tariffs to all time high
Australian Secret Ballot
system where voters checked off ballot behind curtain booth; adopted into the US
Allied Powers
world war I alliance of Britian, France, and Russia, and later joined by Italy, the United States, and others.