ARC 308 Final Architects and Buildings

12 Elements of Form

1. Balance 2. Proportion 3. Symmetry 4. Light 5. Space 6. Shape 7. Line 8. Color 9. Material 10. Scale 11. Rhythm 12. Texture - pretty much applies to any building

Cathedral Chartres, France

1194-1220 Elements: Balance - towers one heavy(short), one light(tall) Texture - stone, sculptures Rhythm - flying buttresses Scale - huge, god sized doors, human sized doors Light - pools of light and darkness Color - stained glass

St. Peter's, Rome Bramante, Sangallo, Michelangelo, Della Porta, Maderno, Bernini et al.

1505-1626 Largest Christian church in the world. Located in the Vatican City in Italy. The dome was created by Michelangelo. The f***ing massive structure is a snapshot in time of when the church was the biggest power.

Villa Rotunda, Italy Palladio

1550 Order: symmetrical, numerically proportional, grand

S. Carlo alla Quattro Fontane, Rome Borromini

1641 Complexity: instead of a facade or an object building, did both. Rounded inside, but alter at front.

Taj Mahal. Agra India Shah Jahan, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri

1651-53 Elements: Shape - pointed arches, convex and concave Texture - marble Scale - huge domes --> Motivated by grief

Chateau Vax-le-Vicomte, France Le Vau/ Le Notre/ Le Brun 1656-61

1656-61, Was "too" beautiful, taken from minister of finance Elements: Symmetry Shape - dome Texture Colors - rich vibrant Space - huge lawn --> Motivated by power

Designs for Chaux, Claude Ledoux

1804 Mysticism: Perfect geometry Architect built plans for a "perfect city," filled with concentric circles. Utopian community...ideal community.

Bishop's Palace, Galveston Texas Nicolas John Clayton

1886-1891

Bishops Palace, Galveston Texas Nicolas John Clayton, 1886-1891

1886-1891

Schroeder House, Holland Gerritt Reitveld

1924 Technique: Innovative, technology concrete, light/thin

Farm, Germany Hugo Haering,

1924-25 Values: Extremely functional cow farm.

Barcelona Pavilion, Mies van der Rohe

1929 Values: "less is more." Simple, elegant, beautiful

New State Chancellery, Berlin Albert Speer

1937 Values: Enormous grandeur, made with granite, solid. Huge, powerful.

Farnsworth House, Plano Illinois Mies van der Rohe

1945 Values:Driven by beauty and art, flexible function inside.

Chapel Ronchamps, France Le Corbusier

1950-53

Guggenheim Museum, NY Frank Lloyd Wright

1956-59 Circular geometry, elevation and prestige

Sydney Opera House, Australia Jorn Utzon

1956-73 Elements: Balance Scale --> Suppose to create Patriotism for the country. Make it seen as a world power.

Dormitory, Bryn Mawr Louis I. Kahn

1960 Order: less emotional, more intellectual, very precise lines, makes people think in an orderly way

Capitol Building, Dacca Bangladesh Louis Kahn

1962-74 Very geometric. Mysticism, circles, giant windows. Brings all together

U.S. Pavilion at Expo, Montreal Buckminster Fuller

1967 Geometrical, spherical, prestige. makes sense: smallest amount of material for largest volume

Centre Pompideau, Paris Piano and Rogers

1979 Technique: technology visible, industrial, pipes visible--> Also Physical Consideration Lecture

Library, San Antonio Texas Ricardo Legorreta

1995 Built to represented Mexican American culture. The building is vibrant and elicits celebration in it's interactive architecture.

Zollverein School of Design, Germany Kazuyo Sejima

2006 Each window is a square

Pyramids, Egypt

2650-2500 BCE Mysticism, Prestige, Structural, Iconic

The Parthenon, Athens

447- 430 BCE Built at the height of Enlightenment, this building is compose of extremely precise ratios. The building is all about democracy. Built to honor Athena, it holds a strong emotional power. Art tells stories, and the Parthenon tells the story of some crazy ass gods.

Unkown

Acoma (New Mexico)

H. H. Richardson

Ames Gate Lodge

Baker House Alvar Aalto

Architectural Determinism

Undergrad Dorm at MIT Jose Luis Sert

Architectural Determinism

Foam House, Austin Texas Charles Harker

Architecture and Society. hippie era; made of chicken wire then sprayed with foam; organic; earth tone; not heavy or solid

Le Corbusier

Assembly Building

John Andrews

Cameron Offices

Unknown

Colosseum (Rome)

Denver Museum of Art, Denver Daniel Libeskind

Complexity: movement, dynamism, irresolution

Moore/Lyndon/Turnbull/Whitaker

Condominiums

Eero Saarinen

Deere and Co. Headquarters

Herzog and de Meuron

Dominus Winery

Frank Lloyd Wright

Falling Water

Lecture 4 - "Architecture as an intellectual/ Artistic experience"

Form conveys messages visually and meaningfully. In this lecture Speck poses the question: How are messages embodied in architecture?

Unknown

Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)

Unknown

Hill Towns (Tuscany, Italy)

Lecture 1 - "Architecture and Society"

In this lecture, Speck asks us to consider the question: What are we saying with our Architecture? Architecture is everywhere: literature, movies, music and politics. Naturally, architecture is a representation of culture at a point in time. Buildings covered include the Bishop's Palace, Foam House, The Parthenon, St. Peter's, and San Antonio Library.

1. Order - world is about order 2. Complexity - world is about complexity 3. Technique - how a building is made

Intellectual messages of architecture: (3)

Mies van der Rohe

Lake Shore Drive Apartments

Le Corbusier

Maisons Jaoul

Unknown

Mont St. Michel (France)

Unknow

Monte Alban (Oaxaca, Mexico)

Eero Saarinen

Morse and Stiles Hall

Golden Ratio

Most well-known and studied ideal proportioning system. Used in Parthenon. A single line is divided into two unequal segments such that the ratio of the smaller part is to the larger part as the larger part is to the whole. The Golden Ratio is developed by using a square to geometrically form the Golden Section.

Lecture 5 - "Mathematics/Geometry"

Numbers/ Mathematics/ Geometry as Inspiration of Form. In this lecture Speck poses the question: Why should we look to numbers and geometry for form?

Lecture 6 - "Nature Biology/ Organisms"

Organic forms vs Geometric forms.

Le Corbusier

Palace of Justice

Unknown

Pont du Gard (Nimes, France)

Library, Stockholm Sweden Gunnar Asplund

Prestige: uses pure geometry, rise to center, geometry elevates prestige.

Lecture 2 - "Architectual Values/ Philosophy/ Principles / Predjudices/ Theory"

Problems are indeterminate, and have many design solutions. Values, principles, and theories guide GOOD design (not the "let's try this approach"). There are 4 sources for vales: 1. Traits, Personality 2. Experiences, places 3. Time in History, what's important to our time 4. Judgement, what do I care about. In this lecture, Speck asks us to consider the question: How do values influence how architects design? Architects covered include: Hugo Haering, Mies van der Rohe, and Albert Speer

1. Mysticism 2. Prestige 3. Makes Structural Sense 4. Iconic 5. Intellectual Puzzles

Reasons to Use numbers/ math/ geometry: (5)

Laurence Halprin

Sea Ranch, California

Le Corbusier

Secretariat Building

Maurice Smith

Strimling House

Moore/Lyndon/Turnbull//Whitaker

Swim Club

Frank Lloyd Wright

Taliesin West

S. Andrea, Italy Alberti

Technique: pilaster, part wall part column; beams, arches, walls, merged

S.O.M.

Tenneco Building

Unknown

The Pantheon (Rome)

Ian McHarg

The Woodlands, Texas

Lecture 3 - "Sensual Visual Form"

The original facets of architecture were: 1a. Firmness - is strong 2a. Commodity - is useful 3a. Delight - makes us happy Today those expectations are more complex: 1b. Physical considerations - properties/interact. EX: electrically sound 2b. Human factors - meaning, affect humans, 3b. Form - Challenging us, make us think, more meaning...how does it look The main focus of this lecture are the 12 Elements of Form.

H. H. Richardson

Town Hall

Albert Speer o Broad Values o ARC Values

Traits: Hitler's architect, good architect, younger Broad Values: -- Society/ Leaders should be followed, -- fate = greatest determinator of destiny ARC Values: 1. Buildings ought to represent "type"--> diff. types lead to diff. rules/characteristics 2. Architecture is a way of communicating 3. Wonder, Awe, Drama = main facets of arch. 4. Architecture is for posterity, snapshots in time = the ticket to immortality 5. Classical Periods=great teachers, Greece, Rome (Building = way to dominate/influence)

Hugo Haering o Broad Values o ARC Values

Traits: Lively, Involved, environmentalist Broad Values: -- optimize individuals, democracy, Society depended on individuals -- nature = man's teacher ARC Values: 1. Each problem/solution is unique 2. Design = an emotional/ spiritual process. 3. Beauty is relative. 4. Function >> "god", it's most important 5. Expression important, read function by expression He used specific forms to meet function needs. Known for: Farm, Germany

Meis van der Rohe o Broad Values o ARC Values

Traits: Man of few words, tall, construction family Broad Values: -- Society/ Institutions, ->push culture -- collective knowledge ARC Values 1. Design is rational: analyze, research, think 2. Architecture should represent age: industrial tech. 3. Beauty is standard, universal beauty 4. Problems/solutions = Principles apply - CONSISTENCY "can't make new arch every Monday" --Broad ARC visual principals that are applied...(not unique) 5. Structure and Construction = Primary expression, materials

Phaeno Science Center,Germany Zaha Hadid

all about movement, organic shape made from function.

Form

beauty, designated prestige. note: in the visual sense, there are things more desirable to see.

TWA International Terminal, New York Eero Saarinen

bird, plane. Symbolizing taking you straight in the air. Was done because it was the first terminal that flew people over seas.

Casa Mila, Barcelona Antonio Guadi

curvy room and facade, functional and organic

Houses, Peter Eisenman

didn't worry about function, just form.

Wat Arun and Royal Palace, Bangkok Thailand.

finger nails

Guggenheim, Bilbao Spain Frank Gehry

looks like a ship

Dipoli Student Union, Finland Reima and Raili Pietila

nature incorporated heavily

Disney Concert Hall, LA Frank Gehry

weird