ARC 308 Final Architects and Buildings
12 Elements of Form
1. Balance 2. Proportion 3. Symmetry 4. Light 5. Space 6. Shape 7. Line 8. Color 9. Material 10. Scale 11. Rhythm 12. Texture - pretty much applies to any building
Cathedral Chartres, France
1194-1220 Elements: Balance - towers one heavy(short), one light(tall) Texture - stone, sculptures Rhythm - flying buttresses Scale - huge, god sized doors, human sized doors Light - pools of light and darkness Color - stained glass
St. Peter's, Rome Bramante, Sangallo, Michelangelo, Della Porta, Maderno, Bernini et al.
1505-1626 Largest Christian church in the world. Located in the Vatican City in Italy. The dome was created by Michelangelo. The f***ing massive structure is a snapshot in time of when the church was the biggest power.
Villa Rotunda, Italy Palladio
1550 Order: symmetrical, numerically proportional, grand
S. Carlo alla Quattro Fontane, Rome Borromini
1641 Complexity: instead of a facade or an object building, did both. Rounded inside, but alter at front.
Taj Mahal. Agra India Shah Jahan, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri
1651-53 Elements: Shape - pointed arches, convex and concave Texture - marble Scale - huge domes --> Motivated by grief
Chateau Vax-le-Vicomte, France Le Vau/ Le Notre/ Le Brun 1656-61
1656-61, Was "too" beautiful, taken from minister of finance Elements: Symmetry Shape - dome Texture Colors - rich vibrant Space - huge lawn --> Motivated by power
Designs for Chaux, Claude Ledoux
1804 Mysticism: Perfect geometry Architect built plans for a "perfect city," filled with concentric circles. Utopian community...ideal community.
Bishop's Palace, Galveston Texas Nicolas John Clayton
1886-1891
Bishops Palace, Galveston Texas Nicolas John Clayton, 1886-1891
1886-1891
Schroeder House, Holland Gerritt Reitveld
1924 Technique: Innovative, technology concrete, light/thin
Farm, Germany Hugo Haering,
1924-25 Values: Extremely functional cow farm.
Barcelona Pavilion, Mies van der Rohe
1929 Values: "less is more." Simple, elegant, beautiful
New State Chancellery, Berlin Albert Speer
1937 Values: Enormous grandeur, made with granite, solid. Huge, powerful.
Farnsworth House, Plano Illinois Mies van der Rohe
1945 Values:Driven by beauty and art, flexible function inside.
Chapel Ronchamps, France Le Corbusier
1950-53
Guggenheim Museum, NY Frank Lloyd Wright
1956-59 Circular geometry, elevation and prestige
Sydney Opera House, Australia Jorn Utzon
1956-73 Elements: Balance Scale --> Suppose to create Patriotism for the country. Make it seen as a world power.
Dormitory, Bryn Mawr Louis I. Kahn
1960 Order: less emotional, more intellectual, very precise lines, makes people think in an orderly way
Capitol Building, Dacca Bangladesh Louis Kahn
1962-74 Very geometric. Mysticism, circles, giant windows. Brings all together
U.S. Pavilion at Expo, Montreal Buckminster Fuller
1967 Geometrical, spherical, prestige. makes sense: smallest amount of material for largest volume
Centre Pompideau, Paris Piano and Rogers
1979 Technique: technology visible, industrial, pipes visible--> Also Physical Consideration Lecture
Library, San Antonio Texas Ricardo Legorreta
1995 Built to represented Mexican American culture. The building is vibrant and elicits celebration in it's interactive architecture.
Zollverein School of Design, Germany Kazuyo Sejima
2006 Each window is a square
Pyramids, Egypt
2650-2500 BCE Mysticism, Prestige, Structural, Iconic
The Parthenon, Athens
447- 430 BCE Built at the height of Enlightenment, this building is compose of extremely precise ratios. The building is all about democracy. Built to honor Athena, it holds a strong emotional power. Art tells stories, and the Parthenon tells the story of some crazy ass gods.
Unkown
Acoma (New Mexico)
H. H. Richardson
Ames Gate Lodge
Baker House Alvar Aalto
Architectural Determinism
Undergrad Dorm at MIT Jose Luis Sert
Architectural Determinism
Foam House, Austin Texas Charles Harker
Architecture and Society. hippie era; made of chicken wire then sprayed with foam; organic; earth tone; not heavy or solid
Le Corbusier
Assembly Building
John Andrews
Cameron Offices
Unknown
Colosseum (Rome)
Denver Museum of Art, Denver Daniel Libeskind
Complexity: movement, dynamism, irresolution
Moore/Lyndon/Turnbull/Whitaker
Condominiums
Eero Saarinen
Deere and Co. Headquarters
Herzog and de Meuron
Dominus Winery
Frank Lloyd Wright
Falling Water
Lecture 4 - "Architecture as an intellectual/ Artistic experience"
Form conveys messages visually and meaningfully. In this lecture Speck poses the question: How are messages embodied in architecture?
Unknown
Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)
Unknown
Hill Towns (Tuscany, Italy)
Lecture 1 - "Architecture and Society"
In this lecture, Speck asks us to consider the question: What are we saying with our Architecture? Architecture is everywhere: literature, movies, music and politics. Naturally, architecture is a representation of culture at a point in time. Buildings covered include the Bishop's Palace, Foam House, The Parthenon, St. Peter's, and San Antonio Library.
1. Order - world is about order 2. Complexity - world is about complexity 3. Technique - how a building is made
Intellectual messages of architecture: (3)
Mies van der Rohe
Lake Shore Drive Apartments
Le Corbusier
Maisons Jaoul
Unknown
Mont St. Michel (France)
Unknow
Monte Alban (Oaxaca, Mexico)
Eero Saarinen
Morse and Stiles Hall
Golden Ratio
Most well-known and studied ideal proportioning system. Used in Parthenon. A single line is divided into two unequal segments such that the ratio of the smaller part is to the larger part as the larger part is to the whole. The Golden Ratio is developed by using a square to geometrically form the Golden Section.
Lecture 5 - "Mathematics/Geometry"
Numbers/ Mathematics/ Geometry as Inspiration of Form. In this lecture Speck poses the question: Why should we look to numbers and geometry for form?
Lecture 6 - "Nature Biology/ Organisms"
Organic forms vs Geometric forms.
Le Corbusier
Palace of Justice
Unknown
Pont du Gard (Nimes, France)
Library, Stockholm Sweden Gunnar Asplund
Prestige: uses pure geometry, rise to center, geometry elevates prestige.
Lecture 2 - "Architectual Values/ Philosophy/ Principles / Predjudices/ Theory"
Problems are indeterminate, and have many design solutions. Values, principles, and theories guide GOOD design (not the "let's try this approach"). There are 4 sources for vales: 1. Traits, Personality 2. Experiences, places 3. Time in History, what's important to our time 4. Judgement, what do I care about. In this lecture, Speck asks us to consider the question: How do values influence how architects design? Architects covered include: Hugo Haering, Mies van der Rohe, and Albert Speer
1. Mysticism 2. Prestige 3. Makes Structural Sense 4. Iconic 5. Intellectual Puzzles
Reasons to Use numbers/ math/ geometry: (5)
Laurence Halprin
Sea Ranch, California
Le Corbusier
Secretariat Building
Maurice Smith
Strimling House
Moore/Lyndon/Turnbull//Whitaker
Swim Club
Frank Lloyd Wright
Taliesin West
S. Andrea, Italy Alberti
Technique: pilaster, part wall part column; beams, arches, walls, merged
S.O.M.
Tenneco Building
Unknown
The Pantheon (Rome)
Ian McHarg
The Woodlands, Texas
Lecture 3 - "Sensual Visual Form"
The original facets of architecture were: 1a. Firmness - is strong 2a. Commodity - is useful 3a. Delight - makes us happy Today those expectations are more complex: 1b. Physical considerations - properties/interact. EX: electrically sound 2b. Human factors - meaning, affect humans, 3b. Form - Challenging us, make us think, more meaning...how does it look The main focus of this lecture are the 12 Elements of Form.
H. H. Richardson
Town Hall
Albert Speer o Broad Values o ARC Values
Traits: Hitler's architect, good architect, younger Broad Values: -- Society/ Leaders should be followed, -- fate = greatest determinator of destiny ARC Values: 1. Buildings ought to represent "type"--> diff. types lead to diff. rules/characteristics 2. Architecture is a way of communicating 3. Wonder, Awe, Drama = main facets of arch. 4. Architecture is for posterity, snapshots in time = the ticket to immortality 5. Classical Periods=great teachers, Greece, Rome (Building = way to dominate/influence)
Hugo Haering o Broad Values o ARC Values
Traits: Lively, Involved, environmentalist Broad Values: -- optimize individuals, democracy, Society depended on individuals -- nature = man's teacher ARC Values: 1. Each problem/solution is unique 2. Design = an emotional/ spiritual process. 3. Beauty is relative. 4. Function >> "god", it's most important 5. Expression important, read function by expression He used specific forms to meet function needs. Known for: Farm, Germany
Meis van der Rohe o Broad Values o ARC Values
Traits: Man of few words, tall, construction family Broad Values: -- Society/ Institutions, ->push culture -- collective knowledge ARC Values 1. Design is rational: analyze, research, think 2. Architecture should represent age: industrial tech. 3. Beauty is standard, universal beauty 4. Problems/solutions = Principles apply - CONSISTENCY "can't make new arch every Monday" --Broad ARC visual principals that are applied...(not unique) 5. Structure and Construction = Primary expression, materials
Phaeno Science Center,Germany Zaha Hadid
all about movement, organic shape made from function.
Form
beauty, designated prestige. note: in the visual sense, there are things more desirable to see.
TWA International Terminal, New York Eero Saarinen
bird, plane. Symbolizing taking you straight in the air. Was done because it was the first terminal that flew people over seas.
Casa Mila, Barcelona Antonio Guadi
curvy room and facade, functional and organic
Houses, Peter Eisenman
didn't worry about function, just form.
Wat Arun and Royal Palace, Bangkok Thailand.
finger nails
Guggenheim, Bilbao Spain Frank Gehry
looks like a ship
Dipoli Student Union, Finland Reima and Raili Pietila
nature incorporated heavily
Disney Concert Hall, LA Frank Gehry
weird