ARCH HISTORY LESSON 16
Hall of Supreme Harmony
Beijing 1400 - largest building in the Forbidden City; used for important ceremonies
Gate of Heavenly Peace
Beijing 1400 - main entrance gate to the Forbidden City
Altar and Temple of Heaven
Beijing 1420 - built by Ming emperor Shizong - imperial complex of religious buildings... complex was visited by the Emperors for annual ceremonies
Great Wall of China
China 200 BCE - built by 300,000 soldiers - world's longest man made structure built to keep invaders from the north out of China, started by the Qin Dynasty - rebuilt during the 15th and 16th centuries
Tomb of Qin Shihung-Ti
China 200 BCE - built by Qin Shihung-Ti - burial place of the first sovereign emperor, Shihuangdi of the Qin dynasty - 20-square-mile funerary compound
Pagodas
China & Korea 6th-8th century - (derived from stupas) many levels and roofs - it was thought that by elevating the monument, its impact was more powerful
ang
Chinese roof construction a long transverse bracket arm with the function of a lever
Anji Bridge
Chou-hsien 600 - built by Li Ch'un - the world's oldest open-spandrel segmental arch bridge of stone construction - oldest standing bridge in China
purlin
Refers to roof framing members that span parallel to the building eave
half-gabled roof
- a variant of a hip roof depicting a small modification at the top of the gable
gong
- bow shaped arms of the multiple bracket-arm structural system - the lower and shorter brackets support the longer ones at their end points on Dou and shaped blocks
Dougong
- bracket system used in traditional Chinese construction to support roof beams, project the eaves outward, and support the interior ceiling - Chinese beam frame system
cantilever
- long projecting beam or girder fixed at only one end, used in bridge construction
Li Chieh, The Methods and Design of Architecture
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Forbidden City
Beijing 13th-19th century - built by various designers - a walled section of Beijing that encloses the palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China
battlement
a defense wall with alternating high and low sections
pyramidal roof
a roof having four slopes that meet at a peak
gabled roof
all sides of the roof have a gentle slope towards the sides of the walls
truss
assembly of beams or other elements that creates a rigid structure to bridge a space
spandrel
the almost triangular space between one side of the outer curve of an arch, a wall, and the ceiling or framework
corvée
forced (unpaid) labor that required peasants to work for a month out of the year on roads and other public projects
bay
is the space between architectural elements, or a recess or compartment
dou
notched timber block supporting the next higher bracket in structural system using multiple bracket arms
crenellated
pattern along the top of a parapet, most often in the form of multiple, regular, rectangular spaces on the top of a wall
hipped roof
sloping ends and sides that meet at a ridge
