ARCH HISTORY LESSON 16

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Hall of Supreme Harmony

Beijing 1400 - largest building in the Forbidden City; used for important ceremonies

Gate of Heavenly Peace

Beijing 1400 - main entrance gate to the Forbidden City

Altar and Temple of Heaven

Beijing 1420 - built by Ming emperor Shizong - imperial complex of religious buildings... complex was visited by the Emperors for annual ceremonies

Great Wall of China

China 200 BCE - built by 300,000 soldiers - world's longest man made structure built to keep invaders from the north out of China, started by the Qin Dynasty - rebuilt during the 15th and 16th centuries

Tomb of Qin Shihung-Ti

China 200 BCE - built by Qin Shihung-Ti - burial place of the first sovereign emperor, Shihuangdi of the Qin dynasty - 20-square-mile funerary compound

Pagodas

China & Korea 6th-8th century - (derived from stupas) many levels and roofs - it was thought that by elevating the monument, its impact was more powerful

ang

Chinese roof construction a long transverse bracket arm with the function of a lever

Anji Bridge

Chou-hsien 600 - built by Li Ch'un - the world's oldest open-spandrel segmental arch bridge of stone construction - oldest standing bridge in China

purlin

Refers to roof framing members that span parallel to the building eave

half-gabled roof

- a variant of a hip roof depicting a small modification at the top of the gable

gong

- bow shaped arms of the multiple bracket-arm structural system - the lower and shorter brackets support the longer ones at their end points on Dou and shaped blocks

Dougong

- bracket system used in traditional Chinese construction to support roof beams, project the eaves outward, and support the interior ceiling - Chinese beam frame system

cantilever

- long projecting beam or girder fixed at only one end, used in bridge construction

Li Chieh, The Methods and Design of Architecture

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Forbidden City

Beijing 13th-19th century - built by various designers - a walled section of Beijing that encloses the palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China

battlement

a defense wall with alternating high and low sections

pyramidal roof

a roof having four slopes that meet at a peak

gabled roof

all sides of the roof have a gentle slope towards the sides of the walls

truss

assembly of beams or other elements that creates a rigid structure to bridge a space

spandrel

the almost triangular space between one side of the outer curve of an arch, a wall, and the ceiling or framework

corvée

forced (unpaid) labor that required peasants to work for a month out of the year on roads and other public projects

bay

is the space between architectural elements, or a recess or compartment

dou

notched timber block supporting the next higher bracket in structural system using multiple bracket arms

crenellated

pattern along the top of a parapet, most often in the form of multiple, regular, rectangular spaces on the top of a wall

hipped roof

sloping ends and sides that meet at a ridge


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