ARCH1320 FINAL - building identification

Wainwright Building Adler and Sullivan - 1850

-10-11 stories, "tall building", what do we do with it? -sets a standard for the tall building, becomes a model -three parts: base, middle, and top - anatomy of a classical column -tripartite arrangement: public, repetitive private, ornamentation to balance -cornice - ornaments with nature inspired: violate-le-duc -steel bays marked on bottom, second nonstructural bay articulated on upper levels, better for interior space planning

Massachusetts State House Bulfinch - 1800

-good example of "federal style" - classical columns and domes -but rather simple compared to classical - red brick -tripartite arrangement - HOR/senatte in center, offices and other stuff on sides

Houses of Parliament Barry and Pugin - 1800 - London

-hybrid of classicism and gothic -plan very regularized, exterior ornamentation very Gothic -Barry's style was the symmetrical/regular, while Pugin liked the Gothic, shown in the ornamental systems

Casa Mila Gaudi - 1900 - Modernisme Barcelona

-Cerda designed street grid in new area of Barça, utilized chamfered corner - creates nice space -very few, if any, right angles in plan -seems always in movement of as if it's a ruin -facade of limestone blocks cut into curved shape, rather than undulating stucco -wrought iron balcony grates (not by Gaudi, commissioned), very nature inspired

Plan of Philadelphia British Colonial - 1700

-Roman kind of Cardo -decumanus with grid

Bibliothèque Ste. Genevieve Labrouste - 1850 Paris

-Think Labrouste--library -masonry exterior, interior iron skeletal structure -no sense of interior iron on exterior - stark, shocking contrast -more classically informed, round arches - not gothic at all -iron columns can be so thin, makes it very light-feeling, shocking -defining notion of grand reading in a public library -notable for technological innovation

US Capitol Building Latrobe, Bulfinch, Thorton - 1800

-Thorton - simple plan, low dome -Latrobe - makes plan more complex, higher dome -Bulfinch - further complicates plan

"Contrasts" Pugin -1800

-argument about the problems with current architecture, justifying the revival of Gothic -Gothic could be used for anything -thought classicism was Pagan, Gothic was spiritual -p.s. - he was a Catholic (snarky smirk emoji)

Galerie de Machines 1850 Paris

-asks question of architecture vs. engineering -also for world's fair exhibition

Schröder House Rietveld - 1900 - De Stijl Utrecht

-can see logic of Mondrian paintings - striaght/perp lines, primary colors -anti-cubi even though it's kind of a box -the separated planes create a disintegration, not a totality -fluid space interior: "can live or die, work or sleep" -tracks allow space to be configured and modified

Robie House Wright - 1900 Chicago

-client wanted separation from street and his loud children -series of terraces set house back, cantilevered roofs create privacy, very horizontality -entrance around back corner - privacy - go upstairs to main living spaces, then third floor for bedrooms -total work of art - designs everything

"Discourses on Architecture", including Market Hall and Assembly Hall Violet-le-Duc - 1850

-comes from courses taught at Ecole Beaux de los Artes or whatever it's called -wants to create architectural principles for iron - unique -has a bit of natural, vegetation-like style -"how do i look at nature to inform architectural language?" -don't follow precedents, be logical and rational -"form follows function"

World Columbian Expo Burnham and Olmsted - 1850 Chicago

-commemorating 400 years from good ol Chrissy Columbus' voyage to America -seascape, interacting with water, artificial lagoon, boating -renaissance-inspired style agreed upon - building intended to be torn down - steel or wood framed with plaster -infrastructurally phenomal - not so progressive architecturally -"Court of Honor" each architect built a building around this

Trinity Church H.H. Richardson - 1850 - Richardson Romanesque Boston

-considered to be the birthplace of Richardson Romanesque -very original, polychromy on the outside -heavy, roughness (like Ruskin's <3 of imperfection) -borrowing from existing source, St. Gilles-du-Garde, Provence 11c -three portals with round arches, larger center to highlight - but modifies this to be his own, not a replica -takes aspects of Old Cathedral Tower in Salamanca, Spain

Fallingwater Wright - 1900 Bear Run, PA

-continues ideas of horizontality and cantilevers -relationship with nature, chooses to just stick house on top of the site, no modification -enter through backside, not grand entry -rocks pushing into house, suspended stairs going down to water -dissolve the corners, no mullion in corner of window -> straight into nature

Vanna Venturi House Robert Venturi - 1963 Chestnut Hill, PA

-critique of suburban, single family detached neoclassical home -lintel over door niche, line makes an arch -ribbon window made of five squares, squares rearranged into picture window on other side - commentary on Corb's ribbon window fetish -entry, stair, and fireplace all condensed - fighting for space

Bank of England Soane - 1800 - Neoclassical London

-doesn't seem to have any logic to the plan - makes a point of not have overarching order -thought modern - should not copy Greek and Roman -no precedent for bank design - what do you use? -needed windowless facade - riots -Bank Stock Office- referencing Roman baths but more simplified and manipulated and less ornamental -Tivoli corner - copying Piranesi dwg, very archaeological -drawing of it portrayed as a ruin - v interesting

Villa Savoye Le Corbusier - 1950 - Modern Poissa-Sur-Seine, France

-embodies his five points, set up on pilots with curved lower level to turning radius of a car -ramp or stairs bring you up to living level -column grid seemingly regular, but modified in order to fit cars and curves

"On the Magnificence of Roman Architecture" Piranesi - 1750 - Neoclassical

-etruscans->greeks->romans, so really the romans came first -showcasing the Roman arch, reconstructed

Soane House Soane - 1800

-every inch is covered with stuff -showcased his collection of antiquity-y things -has walls that open up in picture room - play with nightlines and where you can see but cannot go

Tassel House Horta - 1900 - Art Nouveau Brussels

-example of a fully developed art nouveau building -gesamtkunstwek (real word? who knows?): total work of art -fluid lines, no historical ornamentation -visible ironwork on exterior, first time being exposed -stone column first level, leaf capital wraps up onto iron -serpentine/whiplash/nature - everything inside, ironwork, mosaic floors

Steiner House Loos - 1900 Vienna

-exterior always differs from interiors in Loos' houses -very simple, white, cubic massing, basically a box -flat roof - very significant with idea of modern -curving roof/facade thing in front to follow requirement of one story on road side -not same minimalism on inside as outside, uses fabric, plush rugs, warm woods, and stone

Home Insurance Company Building Le Baron Jenney - 1850 Chicago

-fire in 1871, Chicago seizes opportunity to build new & better --> skyscrapers -"first" steel-framed building, also has some brick and cast iron -distinctive grid form -technology: elevators, telephones, pneumatic tubes

St. Eugene Boileau - 1850 Paris

-first cast-iron church in France -wnats to take Gothic cathedral and replicate it in iron -"take what we know, just make it in a new material"

King's Chapel Peter Harrison - British Colonial - 1750 Boston, MA

-first stone church in America!! yay!! -Anglican church - an English thing -for the King of England, but in the royal province of Massachusetts -stone building, but wood portico because we're cheap (and wasn't finished)

Sagrada Familia Gaudi - 1900 - Modernisme Barcelona

-footprint already established, forced to transition between Gothic bottom and his newer top -vegetal influence, nature expressed -think through structural logic with creativity -really pretty in my personal opinion idk

Crystal Palace Paxton - 1851 London

-for the Worls'd Fair, Victorian Era, submission wows everyone -to house goods from all over world, British colonies -Paxton was a landscaper, familiar with iron and glass greenhouses -1,851 feet long, 18 acres inside -first large-scale demonstration of prefab -pieces created to make assembly easier - tracks could connect to cast iron beams -symmetrical cross plan, facade has traditionally informed repetitive arches, levels, barrel vault like rose window on outside -temporary-ness allows for experimentation

Glass Pavilion Taut - 1900 - Expressionism Cologne

-glass could express the goals of modern life -transparent, crystal, spiritual - new materiality ideal

Seagram Building Mies van der Rohe - 1950 New York City

-goes against wedding cake setbacks, wants one mass, so sets building back from street and creates a plaza in front -39 story tower, 10 story bussel in back, symmetry in plan -floor material is continuous, barely broken up by thin glass wall -nonstructural I-beams in corner because structural ones have to be encased in conc., felt they expressed the structure, creates a nice vertical moment

Old Ship Meeting House British Colonial - 1700 Hingham, MA

-hybrid of religious center and community meeting space -doesn't have that hierarchy of processional to altar, or latin cross, but is rather a large rectangle with somewhat axiality to the pulpit (but just a bit) -roof is like the hull (bottom) of a ship -wood building technology - abundance of material but shortage of labor leads to mortice and tenant joint

"Roman Antiquities" Piranesi - 1750 - Neoclassical

-i don't think we actually talked about this oops

Altes Museum Schinkel - 1800 - Berlin

-intended to create a new style - public museum being a new building type -first purpose-built public museum (Louvre wasn't built as museum) -public plaza in front, canal on one side, row f trees on the other, the museum, and then the palace was opposite the plaza -really long facade of columns, like Greek stoa in agora -atypical switchback staircase, going dark to light/open, very dramatic, open to outside, creates interesting transition -enter through rotunda - most architecturally important space - was roughly 1/3 of the plan, the heart - created a sphere with dome -central rotunda cleansed/prepared for the rest of the building

La Cita Nuova Sant'Elia - 1900 - Futurism

-levels of transportation/circulation - for cars, trains, people, and planes - something seen in current cities -articulation of his vision - he was confident, had nothing to prove - just wanted to show everyone what he thought -lack of ornamentation, looking more modern

Einstein Tower Mendelsohn - 1900 - Expressionism Potsdam

-looking for organicism -wanted to express the structure -idea of new technology, new material but built in brick (covered in stucco) - the opposite of new -axial plan, overlapping curved forms - unity

"Stones of Venice" Ruskin - 1850

-love letter to Venetian architecture, obsessed with the ornament -ornament is like a statement of beliefs, shows there is value in the work -the craftsmen had spiritual freedom, as they weren't slaves -imperfectness showed the human being behind the work - the mason -major shift in the thinking about ornament

Auditorium Building Adler and Sullivan - 1850 Chicago

-more of a singular solution, unlike the standard set by Wainwright Building -early hybrid multi-use building: hotel, auditorium, and offices -structural steel framing, not necessarily innovative

Town Hall Alvar Aalto - 1951 Saynatsalo, Finland

-more of a town center - apartments, commercial, municipal -picturesque, bricks laid unevenly to give a quality of authenticity and handmade-ness -very small scale, intimate courtyard - human -uses wood tradition of Finland - regionalism -fan truss system on interior, beautiful and expressive

Santa Barbara Mission Church Spanish Colonial - 1750

-much more of an importation of European ideas rather than hybrid with local technique -has pediment and tripartite arrangement

Plans of New Haven British Colonial - 1750

-nine square grid -center square is public green space, center of all the action

Parlance Plantation French Colonial - 1750

-no basement, bedrooms and salons upstairs -big windows all around for breezes -below is service space, upper floor for family space - relates to idea of piano mobile -language of a classical column, but no order

Ste. Genevieve Pantheon Soufflot - 1750 - Enlightenment

-no pilasters or engaged columns, using columns like in the rustic hut - as structural for one story -not Greek or Latin cross -ring/cage of columns around interior -uses structural principle of Gothic (flying buttresses) but hides them on the inside

"Carceri" Piranesi - 1750 - Neoclassical

-not build able or meant to be built, but to show how drawing can lead to space, etc.

Monument to the Third International Tatlin - 1900 - Constructivism

-not built -double helix shape, cubes on inside -parts moved like a machine: highly symbolic

Tuberculosis Sanatorium Alvar Aalto - 1929 Paimio, Finland

-notion of regionalism, creating a distinct aesthetic based on traditions and materials of a given place -very irregular plan - each function of the building is given its own form - picturesque, broken down -humanizing modernism - designed individual rooms based on fact that patient would be lying down

Unite d'Habitation Le Corbusier - 1950 Marseilles, France

-one of the first buildings after the war, Corb imagined it being reproduced to create whole cities -giant slab concrete apartment building, 340 units, designed to be a community (has grocery, salon, etc.) -beton brut - as it is, raw - the concrete is untouched, rough -structurally honest, saved resources, rationing -functionalist dogma - exposed, truthful, timeless -interlocking full-width units, elevator stopped every three floors

Plan of New Orleans Le Blond de La Tour, French Colonial - 1750

-planning for a new place - blank slate - rather than reconstruction of London, 1666 or Sixtus V's for Rome -Le Blond - military engineer -> grid (regimented) even though it has a grid, there's a baroque sensibility of bending by Paris Church and open square by river

Monticello Jefferson - 1800 Virginia

-portico on front and back, tripartite arrangement, colonnade -dome on exterior but not articulated on the interior -two story building, but is articulated on outside as one story -has niche for bed in-between bedroom and study -Palladian influence, American materials (regionalism) -long wings set down extend out and back with servant spaces

Syon House Robert Adam - 1750 - Neoclassical outside London

-principle of movement, decorative motifs -reminiscent of Roman baths with contrasting room shapes -columnar screens, compositional mashup - no rules -adam-esque patterning on floor and ceiling

Maison Domino Le Corbusier - 1950

-prototype for prefab housing module, could be used widespread for post-war housing reconstruction -column and slab structural system, so walls don't have to be load-bearing -each area/region could decide interior layout and facades because they were freeeeeeee

"Essay on Architecture" Abbe Laugier - 1750 - Enlightenment

-published anonymously -not a manual like Vitruvius or Palladio -talks about going back to the origins -"all the splendors of architecture ever conceived have been modeled on the little rustic hut" -need to go back bast Greek & Roman, even more natural

Winslow House Wright - 1900 River Forest, Illinois

-rather formal house, emphasis on the horizontal, symmetrical -roof extends to second story window lines, bottom datum extends up to window sills - make second story disappear into shadow -very heavy, brings house down like it's springing from ground -fireplace in the center, centralized entrance

Bibliothèque Nationale Labrouste -1850 Paris

-reading room, nine domes each with an oculus at the top - question of how to get lighting into a reading room -masonry shell, interior iron structure -shockingly thin cast iron columns -open shelving system around the edge

San Francisco de Asis Mission Church Spanish Colonial - 1750 New Mexico

-resembles some European ideas with general symmetry, a latin cross, but not as perfect and regimented -adobe material - regionalism -buttress like on front, tripartite arrangement hybrid of adobe and renaissance styles

"Ornament and Crime" Loos - 1900

-responding to Louis Sullivan's challenge of classical ornamentation -"as sophisticated, modern people we should not ornament our bodies or buildings like the primitive, cannibalistic people"

UVA Campus Jefferson - 1800

-secular state school, founded separately from the King and the church - fork yea American secularism!!!! -"academical village", palladian arms extending out from central building (lib) -pavilions are the arms, have small buildings rather than huge monumental buildings - for professors to live in, connected by colonnade -student dorms around the outside edge, creating a "collective" feel -adds half scaled Pantheon as the library to create a focal point to hold it all together -each of the pavilions were different, based on different palladian or roman precedents -serpentine wall along gardens, TJ apparently liked the picturesque

Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper Mies van der Rohe - 1950 - Modern Berlin (concept)

-sheath entire building with glass -competition, visionary - not necessarily intended to be built -triangular site - splits into three with core at center -glass treated as having qualities, not just a material

Metropolitan Guimard - 1900 - Art Nouveau Paris

-signs and entrances to Paris Metro system -ironwork made in molds, mass-produced (cast iron) -uses those good ol' whiplash lines

Plan of Washington DC L'Enfant - 1800

-similar to Sixtus V's plan for Rome -angular avenues used to highlight moments and monuments -interaction with the Potomac River

New State Gallery (Neue Staatsgalerie) James Stirling - 1977-83 Stuttgart, Germany

-struggles to join modernism principle and referential ideals -museum, busy street, internationally without a face -very odd circulation, has a public thoroughfare -referential to Altes Museum in Berlin in plan - central rotunda with galleries surrounding, but this rotunda is open-air -nod to Renzo Piano, express exhaust vents all colored

Boston Public Library McKim, Meade and White - 1850

-symmetrical balanced faced, much more classically informed -rounded arches springing from engaged columns -epigraph on facade, words of famous writers and philosophers -interior courtyard - straight up Foundling Hospital

AT&T Headquarters Philip Johnson - 1984 NYC

-the "first postmodern monument" -stond clad, not trying to express its structure -more classical ornament, like Empire State Building -dramatic, illustrated entrance unlike the Seagram Building's barely noticeable one -large arch entrance, keyhole/scroll cutout on crown

Pompidou Center Richard Rogers & Renzo Piano - 1976 - Postmodern Paris

-the alien that landed from outer space kind of postmodernism -references modernism's desire to be like a machine, but to the extreme -building inverted: structural, plumbing, and HVAC expressed on the outside, becomes the main architectural element -creates a very open interior skeleton -giant escalator tube expressed on outside, key infamous part -doesn't speak to its function through its form

Plan of Chaux (Saltworks) Ledoux - 1750 - Visionary

-the saltworks of arc & sedans - part that was built -idea that he would create this model town/compound that would then be replicated all over -panopticon!!! -creates a rather phallic-shaped brothel - architecture parlant

Rusakov Worker's Club Melnikov - 1900 - Constructivism Moscow

-theatre seats jutting out of building - expressionism -three sections could be closed off or opened

Cenotaph for Sir Isaac Newton Boulee - 1750 - Visionary

-this is when i got distracted playing 2048 according to Ian: -supposed to be light in the night and dark in the day -but the holes make the light coming in look like stars on the inside night -it was visionary arch

Oxford Museum Deane, Woodward, Ruskin - 1860 Oxford University, England

-using iron, which Ruskin himself wouldn't have chosen because he had a hard on for masonry -shows didactic intent of the building as a museum -each of the column capitals shows a different flora/fauna/geological thing

Parson Capen House British Colonial - 1700 Topsfield, MA

-vernacular house, typifies many houses of its kind -central hall - entrance stair and hearth behind it -parlor and hall on either side, parlor more formal for guests, hall less formal for the family -double sided fireplace between for cooking and warmth

German Pavilion Mies van der Rohe - 1950 Barcelona

-was built for exhibition, torn down after six months, rebuilt in 1986 -no real function, meant to show prowess of German culture -site in-between many things, puts it on display -one story, horizontality, overhanging roof -eight columns exactly on grid, moves walls and spaces around that grid - no enclosed rooms, movement is suggested -highly reflective nickel, polished stone, glass, and water -wall never aligns with column - free plan - two diff systems

Villa Mueller Loos - 1900 Prague

-white, cubic building, more regular in terms of being a box -not an urban location, no party wall conditions, can see box all around -raumplan tactic, in case you forgot about that -exterior separate from interior with indication -connect views between rooms through separation

"Five Points of a New Architecture" Le Corbusier - 1950

1. Pilotis - columns, regularly arranged, off ground, not for space planning 2. Roof Garden - insulates, recovery of lost space of ground (illogical but w/e corb) 3. Free Plan - can maneuver walls wherever because structure was dealt with with pilotis 4. Horizontal/Ribbon Window - bc structural freedom, gets ore light than typical portrait window (again illogical, but whatever) 5. Free Facade - structural freedom, separating facade from interior or something idk

Project for a brick country house Mies van der Rohe - 1950

pretty sure we did not talk about this