Architecture/Interior Design Unit

Art Noveau (American Contemporary Interior)

"New Art". 1890-1910. Modernism took ideas from Art Noveau. Lots of edges, whiplash corners. Used a lot of technology, abstract, didn't use machines, glass, wrought iron, large irregular pieces of glass, applies to jewelry and art, and phased out by WWI.

Colonial--Early American

*Date line: 1608-1720. *Motifs: plaids/checks, pineapple, flowers *Architecture: main need was survival. First stage: one room, log houses, no glass or shutters and waxed paper. Fireplaces became a part of the houses for heat, cooking and light, limited furniture. Second stage: two rooms, two stories, fireplace at center, later fireplace at each end, double hung windows. Third stage: salt box house, garrison house, colonial two story, cape code *Interiors: fireplaces were large and simple, exposed beams/summer beam created center support, upper floor planking, exposed ceilings, doors were vertical boards *Woods: pine, cherry, maple *Colors: dulled (putty, olive green, brick red, deep blues, yellow, white) *Accessories: stoneware, stenciling *Furniture: chairs (slat backs, banister backs, rocking chair, wainscot chair), mixed woods (plain and painted), stretchers and turned legs)

American Contemporary

*Date line: 1800-present *Shaker's is a family that designed furniture. They were not popular at the time, but they are now. The style was plain and simple. It emphasized utility, no ornamentation, graceful lines, and proportions. *Interior: Arts and Crafts, Art Noveau, Art Deco, Modern *Exterior: Colonial Revival, Georgian Saltbox, Cape Cod, Tudor, Mission, Prairie Style, Ranch Style, Craftsman Style, Bungalow, Split Level, Shed, A Frame, Geometric Dome.

Roman Architecture

*Date line: 753-476 *Motifs: cherubs, human form, eagle, lion, bead, dental, acanthus leaf, egg and dart, swan, grotesque *Architecture: developed the arch, developed the dome, developed concrete, copied and enriched Doric/Ionic/Corinthian orders and built them throughout the entire Roman Empire *Interiors: home was the center of life, dining room was the most important room, rooms for all needs *Accessories: sculptures, urns, vases, art

Time Line of Interior Design

*Romans: arches, pillars, domes, pediments, ornamental design, Catholic influenced. *Gothic: Gargoyles, pointed arches, darker colors, stained glass, less natural light. *Spanish Renaissance: tiled roofs/ceilings, arches, colors (blues, oranges, reds, yellows), stucco *American Colonial: exposed beams, half timbered houses, pineapples, plaid, fireplaces, exterior made of wood/brick, symmetrical, no ornamental design--very simple *American Contemporary: more modern, color, Art Deco, geometrical shapes, Art Noveau

Arts and Crafts/Craftsman (American Contemporary Interior)

Architectural style and furniture design. Started in Britain. Well proportioned, solid forms, wide porches, steep roofs, pointed window arches, brick fireplace, wooden fittings, stone and tiles, symmetrical quaint building composition, simple/no excess

Robert Adam (Architect)

Created Adam Style which reduced mathematical proportions and introduced curved walls, domes, elaborate details, and pastel colors. Heavily influenced by Greece, Rome, antiquity, and neoclassicism. Influenced the Federal Style of the U.S.

Gabled Ell

Fish scale singles, Queen Anne windows (contains ornamental design such as stained glass), wrap-around porch, distinctive "L" shape which creates a front/side gable, can be quite simple or very decorative, bracketing, fish scale shingling, gingerbread. Historical background: common style from 1880-1910. http://www.victorianvilla.com/sims-mitchell/local/street/hargrave/S016-image.jpg

Philip Johnson (Architect)

He is a postmodern designer known for his work with glass, specifically the Glass House. He has inspired others to make creations with glass. Even Liberty High School is inspired by Johnson in a way, as they're creating glass classrooms in the math area of the school.

American Foursquare

Hipped dormer, ribbon window, Craftsman columns, Craftsman window, lattice, two stories tall, wide hipped roof and central dormer, porch spans entire front of the home, exterior is covered in clapboards, windows are grouped in pairs, bay windows are common on one side of the house. Gets the name because the square shape of the two story house created four equal-sized rooms on each floor. Historical background:

Frank Lloyd Wright (Architect)

His works became popular at the turn of the 20th century, and he is still popular today. He is known for his organic architecture. The majority of his creations were single story low ceiling prairie houses. Houses are still being modeled after his today.

Prairie Style (American Contemporary Exterior)

Horizontal lines, low pitched roofs, hanging eaves, wide porches, leaded glass, big porches. Frank Lloyd Wright.

Thomas Jefferson (Architect)

Made many famous buildings, especially in Washington DC. He was very creative. He designed his own house, called Monticello. He also designed the Capital Building and the Library of Congress. His influence extends even in today's world, as buildings today often model his romanesque look.

Martin Brudnizki (Interior Designer)

Modern designer. Is known for bringing a live-in luxury feel to high end glamour projects. He not only strives to excite the eyes of the audience, but to create a space that reflects the lifestyle of the people using a space.

Art Deco (American Contemporary Interior)

Originated in France in the 1920s and went international in 1930s and 1940s. Consists of rich colors, bold geometric shapes, and lavish ornament. Represents luxury, glamour, and faith in society and technology. Showed up in cars, furniture, cookware, china, textiles, and jewelry. Famous buildings are the Chrysler Building in NYC, skyscrapers, Fisher, Guardian, and Penobscot building.

Bungalow

Rafters, central dormer, battered columns, pedestal, knee brace, wide eaves, one or one and a half stories tall, wide/deep front porch supported by thick square columns of brick/stone, wide eaves, central dormer that uses triangular supports known as knee braces Historical background: first developed in California during the 1910s and was popular into the 1930s.

John Nash (Architect)

Revived Gothic and Renaissance architecture, exoticism, and similar styles. Also appears to have some Roman influence. He was popular during the Regency era and had a heavy influence on the Regency era.

Modern (American Contemporary Interior)

Shaped for humans, modular furniture, straight backs, rectangular seating. Frank Lloyd Wright.

Patricia Urquoila (Interior Designer)

She incorporates rigor, emotion, innovation, and mental comfort into her work. Her work is very modern and simplistic. Designs a wide variety of interiors. The first to really incorporate comfort and relaxation into living spaces.

Colonial Revival

Sun parlor (side porch), hip roof, clapboard, entrance hood, fanlight, two stories, clapboard exteriors, ornamental shutters next to the windows. Historical background: types of buildings that attempted to copy the architecture of early colonial America. Different waves of popularity for this type of design, particularly during the centennial celebration of 1876 and the bicentennial celebration of 1976.

Queen Anne

Tower, wrap around porch, fish scale shingles, gazebo, asymmetrical roofline gables/hips, windows are random shapes/sizes, gingerbread, spindles. Historical background: inspired by England. Fit into the ornamental Victorian category. Very popular between 1880-1900.

Italianate

Usually square, arched lintel, bay window, bracketed cornice. Historical background: style was based on the urban mansions of Italian merchant princes and the bracketed designs of rural Italian farmhouses. Extremely popular between 1840-1880.

Pediment

Written description: a triangular or arched decoration Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: decoration

Tenements

Written description: apartment complex Country of Origin: England Why did it develop?: shelter or living space

Thatch

Written description: bundles of reeds or straw for roof Country of origin: Eastern US Why did it develop?: a need for materials

Pilasters

Written description: decorative flattened columns Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: decoration

Cornice

Written description: decorative strip where roof and wall meet Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: decoration

Ell

Written description: extension built at right angles to length of structure Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: create larger shelter

Cape Cod House

Written description: house with simple rectangle design that has a chimney and pitched roof Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: living space

Pueblos

Written description: houses built on top of each other into cliffs and caves Country of origin: Southwest US Why did it develop?: materials, climate, lifestyle

Gingerbread

Written description: lacy looking cut out trim Country of Origin: Europe (England, most likely) Why did it develop?: decoration

Hip Roof

Written description: roof with 4 sloped sides Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: shelter, protection from elements

Mansard Roof

Written description: roof with two slopes on all sides (the lower is steep and the upper is flat) Country of Origin: England Why did it develop?: shelter

Garrison House

Written description: second story overhangs first story Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: used to prevent attackers from scaling walls

Fanlight

Written description: semicircle, round, oval window with fanshape panes Country of origin: Greece or England Why did it develop?: decoration

Bungalow

Written description: small, one story house with overhanging roof and covered porch Country of Origin: US (California) Why did it develop?: shelter

Coquina

Written description: soft porous limestone made of shell or coral Country of origin: Southwestern US/Florida Why did it develop?: shelter, material

Dormers

Written description: structures projecting through steep roof Country of origin: Germany Why did it develop?: to add light to the room

Adobe

Written description: sun-dried bricks Country of origin: Southwest US Why did it develop?: a need for materials

Portico

Written description: tall, open porch with columns Country of Origin: Italy (Rome) Why did it develop?: decoration or living space

Gable Roof

Written description: triangle end walls (same as a pitched roof) Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: protection from natural elements

Gables

Written description: triangular end walls Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: shelter

Pitched Roof

Written description: two sided roof with steep angle Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: protection from natural elements

Salt-Box House

Written description: two story pitched roof house Country of origin: England Why did it develop?: versatility, shelter

Half-Timbered Houses

Written description: wood frame supported outside wall Country of origin: Eastern US Why did it develop?: living space

Middle Ages Gothic--Present Day Gothic Revival

*Date Line: 1150-1500 *Motifs: linen fold, gargoyles, finial, family crest, oak leaf, quatrefoil, crucifix, pointed arches (Gothic arches), monograms *Architecture: castles, cathedrals constructed of stone in each town, masses of vertical space, pointed arches, flying buttress, stained glass, clerestory windows, concrete was not used during this period, did not use the order of architecture for construction or furniture *Interiors: introduced the fireplace, dark, damp, cold, *Woods: oak *Colors: deep and rich *Accessories: armor, flags, tapestries, personal eating utensils *Furniture: dining tables (trestle), thrones, high post beds, trundle bed, canopies

Spanish Renaissance

*Date line: 1500-1650 *Motifs: clavated forms, geometric patterns *Architecture: horseshow arch, multi-foil or scalloped arch *Interior: ceiling (beams fresco) *Colors: brilliant colors, black, red, gold *Textiles: leather, silk, velvet, damask *Furniture: vargueno (writing cabinet), chairs, tables, attention to strength instead of design, clavated turnings, splayed or slanting legs with metal stretchers, elaborate nail heads, wrought iron, trestle supports