Bio ch. 26 quiz

historical uses of biotechnology

-Produce plants that can withstand climate change. -Improve the nutritional value of crops. -Modify bacteria to produce new drugs.

examples of clones?

-members of a bacterial colony -plants produced through asexual reproduction -human identical twins

terms associated with protoplasts.

-plant cells with their cell wall removed -Immature plant embryos

order of events of RNA interference

1. the complementary sequence of RNA enters the cell 2. the complementary sequence of RNA binds with the target RNA 3. a double-strand RNA molecule is produced 4. the double-stranded RNA is broken down by a series of enzymes

Gel electrophoresis is used to study fragments of ___, which separate according to their sizes on the gel

DNA

a pattern of distributive bands is formed when DNA is forced through porous gel material. These bands are called a(n) ___ fingerprint

DNA

a transgenic organism contains foreign ___

DNA

polymerase chain reactions can create billions of segments of ___ in a test tube in just a few hours

DNA

This enzyme is used during recombinant DNA production to seal openings created by restriction enzymes

DNA ligase

Indicate one of the uses of CRISPR

Modify the pig genome to make hearts for humans

DNA fingerprints are

a distinctive pattern of bands formed when DNA is forced through a porous gel.

A term that refers to cell death is

apoptosis

The field of study that relies heavily on computer technologies to analyze genomic and proteomic data is called ___

bioinformatics

Apoptosis means

cell death

restriction enzymes are used to

cleave the vector DNA

identical twins and members of a bacterial colony in a Petri dish are considered examples of ___

cloning

Identification of similarities between the human genome and that of other organisms is the primary task of a field called ___ genomics

comparative

The comparison of the human genome and the genomes of other organisms is the field of study called ___ genomics

comparative

Bioinformatics uses ___ technologies to analyze genomic and proteomic information

computer

telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences found near the

ends of chromosomes and are thought to help maintain their structural stability

in order to form a functional mRNA, ___ are spliced together

eons

True or false: Gene cloning refers to cloning of whole organisms

false

A technique used to analyse DNA fragments whereby an electrical current is used to force DNA through a porous material is called

gel electrophoresis

The insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a genetic disorder is called ___

gene therapy

the type of cloning through which identical copies of a functional unit of DNA are made is called _____ cloning

genetic

organisms that have had their genome changed are called ___ organisms

genetically modified

The Human Genome Project successfully determined the sequence of human ___

genome

The complete genetic makeup of any organism or virus is called its

genome

A scientist seeking to study the complete genetic makeup of an organism would be studying the field of ___

genomics

RNA ___ occurs when a small piece of RNA is used to silence the expression of an allele

interference

the enzyme that seals DNA into an opening created by restriction enzymes is called DNA ___

ligase

an accessory ring of DNA in bacteria, often used as a vector in gene cloning, is a(n) ___

plasmid

bacterial DNA and vector are applied to the term ___

plasmid

the technique that uses DNA polymerase with heating/cooling cycles to produce millions of copies of a particular piece of DNA is called

polymerase chain reaction

A proteome is the entire collection of

proteins of a species

The entire collection of proteins resulting from translation of genes is called a(n) ___

proteome

Immature plant embryos or plant cells that have had their cell walls removed are called ___

protoplast

A segment of DNA containing genes from both mice and humans would be called ___ DNA

recombinant

a segment of DNA containing genes from both mice and humans would be called ___ DNA

recombinant

the type of DNA that contains DNA from two one more different sources is called ___ DNA

recombinant

enzymes used to cleave DNA at specific points during recombinant DNA production are called ___ enzymes

restriction

genomen is the

study of the complete genetic sequences of organisms

___ are repetitive DNA sequences found near the ends of chromosomes and are thought to help maintain their structural stability

telomeres

the genome is

the complete genetic makeup of an organism

Genetically modified organisms that have had foreign DNA inserted into their genome are said to be ___ organisms

transgenic

Organisms that have had a foreign gene inserted into their genome are called

transgenic organisms

true or false: The sequence of the human genome is now known

true

A piece of DNA that can be manipulated such that foreign DNA can be added to it is called a ___

vector

A plasmid is often used in biotechnology applications as a(n) ___ to transfer foreign genetic material

vector

a piece of DNA that can be manipulated such that foreign DNA can be added to it is called a

vector